Biomedical subjects

M A Ali

Publications and source records attributed to M A Ali.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Kikuchi disease and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis or Kikuchi disease is a rare entity; furthermore, its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was only described in 11 patients in seven reports in the world literature. As the disease affects young women and manifests as a systemic illness associated with lymphadenopathy (usually cervical), the importance of continued follow-up to see whether it remains a self-limiting process or evolves into systemic lupus erythematosus should be emphasized. We present the clinical and histopathological data of eight patients with Kikuchi disease diagnosed in one tertiary care centre, two of whom evolved into SLE. White blood count was normal in all except the two patients who evolved into SLE; erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in all patients tested. Kikuchi disease could be misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or tuberculous lymphadenitis; furthermore, awareness of its association with SLE is emphasized.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: analysis of the complications at a community hospital.

With the worldwide acceptance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) as the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallbladder disease, great concern has grown over the spectrum of complications associated with this new procedure. The nature, causes, frequency, as well as ways to avoid these complications have been the subject of many articles and studies. Although it is established that the frequency of the major complications decreases with increased experience, there will still be new surgeons performing the procedure with limited experience in the early stages of their surgical practice. Therefore, continuous efforts should be exerted to bring to a minimum the number of serious morbidities, especially common bile duct injuries. Review of each institution's experience and sharing it with other medical centers may be a valuable approach to achieve this important goal. In this report, we will analyze the spectrum of complications we encountered during our experience with LC as well as some recommendations to avoid some of the serious morbidities related to this procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of Langerhans histiocytosis (histiocytosis-X).

A series of 14 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) from histologically proven cases of histiocytosis-x (Hx) were reviewed. The smears revealed a variable mixture of Langerhans cells, eosinophils, macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, and giant cells. Based on the predominant cells present, the cases were further categorized as Langerhans cell predominant (nine cases), eosinophil predominant (two cases), and macrophage predominant (three cases). Langerhans cells were usually polygonal without significant evidence of phagocytosis and frequently contained indented nuclei. In three cases, several Langerhans cells showed prominent dendritic processes. Electron microscopy in 10 cases revealed Langerhans cells with varying degrees of morphologic differentiation. All cases studied revealed Birbeck granules. These findings indicate that FNAB may be an effective technique for diagnosing Hx.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Melatonin secretion in vitro from the pineal complex of the lamprey Petromyzon marinus.

Melatonin secretion from cultured pineal complexes of the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 6 days under either a 12:12 light:dark cycle (L:D) or continuous darkness (D:D) at either 10 degrees or 20 degrees. Under the L:D cycle, melatonin release was completely suppressed during daytime and high during night-time, with larger amplitude at 20 degrees than at 10 degrees. Under D:D conditions, no significant circadian rhythmicity in secretion could be revealed by periodogram analysis at either 10 degrees or 20 degrees. This is the first direct evidence of melatonin secretion in a lamprey, suggesting that both light and temperature can affect in vitro melatonin secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Giant cell tumour of bone. A surgical approach to grade III tumours.

Thirty-one patients with giant cell tumours of bone (BGCT) were treated at our hospital by a conservative approach between 1975 and 1988. 94% of the tumours were grade III (Campanacci) and the follow up was from 2 to 13 years. In the 20 patients who had a modified intralesional excision (curettage) with bone grafting and cement, 5 recurrences occurred. There was one soft tissue recurrence in the 11 patients who had marginal or wide excisions. All recurrences were in grade III lesions. We conclude that grade III BGCT can be treated by modified intralesional excision provided the articular surfaces and part of the metaphysis are intact.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis complicated by end-stage renal failure treated with recombinant interferon alpha.

Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis occurs in 50% of Saudi patients with end-stage renal failure and requires long-term hemodialysis since it is a contraindication to renal transplantation. Thirteen patients with biochemical and histological documented chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (11 with HCV antibodies) entered a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study, in which Roferon A 3 MU or placebo were administered subcutaneously 3 times weekly after hemodialysis for 6 months. The mean ALT fell significantly from pretreatment levels of 74.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 54.7, 92.5) (13 patients in the 6-month run-in period) and 66.8 (CI 47.7, 85.8) (7 patients in the run-in period + 6 patients in the placebo period) (difference NS) to 37.6 (CI 21.0, 54.2) during interferon treatment (P < 0.005). In 10/13 patients (77%) ALT levels became normal. In the 6-month follow-up period immediately after therapy, the mean ALT was 45.2 (CI 28.0, 62.0). Although this change was not significant (P = 0.49), only 7 of these 10 patients sustained biochemical remission in the 6-month follow-up period. The corresponding total Histological Activity Index improved from 8.9 (CI 7.5, 10.3), 8.9 (CI 7.2, 10.7) (difference NS) to 6.2 (CI 3.9, 8.5) (P < 0.05; P = 0.052, respectively). Intralobular inflammation and periportal inflammation showed the most significant changes. Five of 13 (39%) and 2/13 patients (15%) had complete resolution of piecemeal necrosis and intralobular inflammation, respectively. Toxic effects of interferon were mild, early and self-limiting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha-interferon: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study.

Chronic hepatitis C is common in Saudi Arabia and most often presents in an advanced stage. To assess the response of patients to interferon, a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study was undertaken. All but 1 patient had cirrhosis or fibrosis before interferon. After a 24-week observation period patients received alpha 2a interferon, 3 mega units sc tiw or placebo for 24 weeks, then the opposite treatment for another 24 weeks followed by 24 weeks of observation. Liver biopsies were performed before and after each of the treatment phases. Twenty-two out of 24 patients completed the study. The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels fell from 150.7 +/- 118.7 units/l to 91.0 +/- 42.6 units/l after 6 months interferon treatment (P = 0.03) but only 3 patients (14%) had complete normalization of mean ALT levels and 4 (18%) had > 50% reduction. The mean hepatitis activity index fell from 12.2 +/- 2.6 immediately before to 11.6 +/- 2.5 just after interferon (P = 0.4). After interferon there was an insignificant raise in 6-month mean ALT. Hepatitis C virus-RNA was positive in all 17 patients tested and remained so after treatment. Side-effects were mild and well tolerated. Alpha interferon 3 mega units tiw for 24 weeks is not an effective treatment of histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Effects of mesencephalic lesion on testes, seminal vesicles and adrenal glands of albino rats.

The role of mesencephalic reticular formation on testicular structure, seminal vesicles, adrenal glands and kidneys of albino rats was investigated. Mesencephalic reticular formation lesions were produced using two epoxy-coated stainless steel electrodes. Electrolytic lesions resulted in atrophy of the testes, seminal vesicles and adrenal glands. The degree of atrophy was statistically significant in these organs (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant changes in the kidneys of lesioned animals. This study strongly suggests that the mesencephalic reticular formation influences the histomorphology of testes, seminal vesicles and adrenal glands.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1993

Primary hepatic vipoma.

A 35-yr-old male presented with a 3-yr history of voluminous watery diarrhea. He had episodes of severe generalized weakness which responded to fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy. Investigations revealed a solitary liver mass and an elevated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. An extensive work-up did not show any other extrahepatic primary lesion. Surgical resection ameliorated all of his symptoms, accompanied by a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. We believe that this patient represents a case of primary hepatic vipoma syndrome. To our present knowledge, this has not been reported previously. We discuss the clinical manifestations, investigations, and management of the case.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Trends in urban violence: a comparison of accident department and police records.

Police crime statistics and crime survey data are known to be poor indicators of levels of violence in society. Longitudinal investigations of assault injury have not been carried out in accident and emergency departments hitherto, but may provide an accurate perspective of trends in violence. The attendance of assault patients at a city centre accident and emergency department was compared with 'wounding against the person' recorded by the police between 1973 and 1990. Woundings recorded by the police increased consistently throughout the study period whereas the number of assault patients did not increase between 1977 and 1987. From 1975 to 1990, police statistics showed a 9-fold and accident and emergency data a 6-fold increase. Both data sets showed substantial overall increases in violence after 1987, and a decrease in 1979. Further epidemiological studies of violence are necessary.

Crime↗

PubMed1993

Serum CA-15.3 and CEA patterns in postsurgical follow-up, and in monitoring clinical course of metastatic cancer in patients with breast carcinoma.

Serum CA-15.3 and CEA levels were longitudinally determined in 307 patients with breast carcinoma during postsurgical follow-up and/or therapy. Of 120 patients with no apparent disease, the specificity of marker levels fluctuating within the normal range (true-negative) was 98% for CA-15.3 alone (P = 0.004) and about 88% for CEA alone or for the tests combined. However, the false-negative levels in patients with progressive cancer reduced the predictive value of the tandem to around 76%, i.e. normal levels of both markers correctly predicted uneventful postsurgical course in only three fourths of the patients. Of 187 patients with active disease, the sensitivity of raised or increasing marker levels was around 70% for CA-15.3 alone or CEA alone, and 82% for the tests combined (P = 0.006). The 11% false-positive rate of CEA in patients with no apparent disease decreased the predictive value of a positive test from 98% for CA-15.3 alone (P = 0.006) to 91% for CEA alone or the tandem. Serum CA-15.3 or CEA paralleled the site of relapse: at least one marker was found elevated in 60% of patients with locoregional disease or with metastases to the lungs or bones exclusively, and in 90% of those with metastases to the lungs and bones or to the liver. A concurrent decrease of both marker levels reflected response to therapy while an increase of at least one marker level reflected treatment failure. It may be concluded that the marker tandem was better than either marker alone for follow-up aimed at detection of relapse, and that the tests were approximately 80% accurate for follow-up and/or monitoring therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Lysosomal system of von Ebner's salivary gland in the rat.

We have examined the morphology and distribution of lysosomes in von Ebner's salivary gland utilizing TMPase as a marker. TMPase reactivity was detected basally, laterally and in the center of the cells. They include AV, Rb, MVBs and dense bodies. TL were detected for the first time in between the secretory granules and in the lateral parts of exocrine acinar cells. They were parallel to RER. In addition direct continuity between TL and MVBs and dense bodies was observed. The new locations and relations of TL supports their role in pinocytotic processes and cellular regularity processes.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗

PubMed1993

Light and electron microscopic observations on rat molar periodontal ligament after intraperitoneal injection of vinblastine.

The effect of intraperitoneal injection of Vinblastine sulfate on rat periodontal ligament was studied. Cells still synthetize collagen after 2 hours of the injection with evidence of loss of extracellular collagen fibers orientation. Tubular lysosome could not be detected after 2 hours with formation of lysosomal clusters in the cell center. After 4 hours of administration, evidences of cell degeneration were observed. The present study has shown that Vinblastine produces effect on fibroblasts as early as two hours after injection.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗

PubMed1992

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.

Five cases of Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy are reviewed, and cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural findings in these cases are correlated. In all cases, the diagnosis of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma was suggested on the basis of the morphological appearance in aspiration smears. This diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which revealed strong positivity of most of the cells by Ki-1 antibody. Two of the lymphomas were T-cell type, one was B-cell type, and the remaining 2 were composed of null cells. In 2 cases, intracytoplasmic inclusions were seen in some of the tumor cells in aspiration smears. These were ultrastructurally correlated with large lysosomal bodies of variable morphology. Fine-needle aspiration combined with immunohistochemistry may be an effective technique for diagnosing this neoplasm.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pediatric neoplasms: correlation between electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry in diagnosis and classification.

A series of fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed in 635 children were reviewed. The diagnoses rendered in these patients included malignant lymphoma in 139 (21.9%); Hodgkin's disease, 25 (3.9%); neuroblastoma, 58 (9.1%); Wilms' Tumor, 37 (5.8%); Ewing's sarcoma, 32 (5.0%); rhabdomyosarcoma, 25 (3.9%); retinoblastoma, 22 (3.5%); leukemia infiltrate, 33 (5.2%); and miscellaneous tumors, 52 (8.2%). In 171 patients (26.9%), the biopsy was nondiagnostic. The cytomorphological characteristics of these lesions are briefly described and illustrated. Salient morphological features are further correlated with histological and ultrastructural appearances. Immunocytochemical patterns of these tumors are also discussed briefly.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1992

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma: cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural correlations.

A series of 15 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and confirmed by histopathology is reviewed. Cytologically, the tumors were composed of a variable mixture of cells, which according to the degree of differentiation were categorized as early, intermediate, or late rhabdomyoblasts. Histologically, the tumors were divided into embryonal 9, monomorphic round cell 4, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 2. Comparison of histological and cytological features revealed that embryonal types were composed mainly of early rhabdomyoblasts. Recognition of these patterns may be helpful in FNAB diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on rhythmic melatonin secretion from the pineal organ of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in vitro.

The secretion rate of melatonin from cultured pineal organs of the white sucker was examined for several days under either a 12:12-hr light:dark (LD) cycle or continuous darkness (DD) at either 10 degrees or 20 degrees. The incubation medium was changed at 3-hr intervals and secreted melatonin was measured by RIA. Under a 12:12-hr LD cycle (0800 light on, 2000 light off) melatonin secretion was suppressed during the day and highly active at night, with larger amplitudes at 20 than at 10 degrees. In DD at 10 degrees no circadian rhythmicity in secretion was found in October or January, whereas at 20 degrees a circadian-like pattern was detected in pineals which were derived from animals reared at either 10 degrees or 20 degrees for 1 week prior to the experiment in October or January. The pineals in the DD experiment still responded to an additional 24-hr LD cycle at both temperatures even after 6 or more days. These results clearly reveal the influence of photoperiod and temperature on melatonin secretion of organ-cultured pineal glands. The existence of a circadian oscillator for melatonin secretion in the pineal gland of the white sucker is suggested.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Localization of the antigenic sites and intrinsic protein kinase domain within a 300 amino acid segment of the ribonucleotide reductase large subunit from herpes simplex virus type 2.

The 140-kDa ribonucleotide reductase (RR1) protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) functions as the large subunit of virus-specified RR1 and exhibits an intrinsic protein kinase (PK) activity at its unique NH2-terminal region. The N-terminal half of RR1 contains the protein and DNA functions of the morphological transforming region III (mtrIII) of HSV-2. In the present study, we have expressed a number of truncated RR1 derivatives in a mammalian expression vector containing NH2-terminal RR1 gene fragments and amber mutants generated by site-specific mutagenesis. These derivatives, synthesized in transient expression assays, were used as test antigens to localize the epitopes of a panel of HSV-2 RR1-reactive monoclonal antibodies and to fine-map the PK catalytic domain. Our data show that the epitope for HSV-2-specific monoclonal antibody 6A-6 is located in a region of RR1 protein spanning aa 72-350. The epitopes for cross-reactive antibodies to HSV RR1, i.e., 48S and 51S, are formed predominantly by a stretch of amino acid residues specified by aa 350-376 of the RR1 molecule. The 6A-6 antibody utilized in conjunction with the RR1 amber mutants has allowed us to define a 278 aa domain within the NH2-terminal half of the 140-kDa RR1 (aa 72-350) that is sufficient for PK activity.

Base Sequence↗