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Biomedical subjects

M A Atoba

Publications and source records attributed to M A Atoba.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immune complex levels and HBs-antigenaemia in healthy Nigerians and patients with liver diseases.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were precipitated and assayed in the blood of 19 adult patients with liver diseases and 39 healthy adult Nigerians. The presence of hepatitis-Bs antigen (HBs-Ag) was also investigated in both the sera and CIC of both study groups. CIC levels were not significantly different in the three different liver diseases studied (acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis). Higher mean CIC levels which were not correlated with the presence of HBs-Ag, were found in the blood of patients, as compared to blood donors. While HBs- Ag was detected in 42.1% of patient's sera, only 12.8% of blood donor sera had detectable antigen. However, 42.1% of CIC from patients had the antigen, while 53.8% of CIC from blood donors also contained the antigen. It is suggested that the high frequency of HBs-Ag in the precipitated CIC of healthy subjects could account for the occurrence of some post-transfusion hepatitis-B infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Disease pattern in the elderly.

Analysis of the disease pattern in elderly patients was carried out over a seven-year period (1980-1986) on the medical wards of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 2,676 patients were reviewed. Cardiac, neoplastic and infective diseases accounted for the most common diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment as well as improvement in preventive medicine are suggested ways to a vigorous healthy old age with concomitant reduction of morbidity and mortality in this age group.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Diseases of the middle-aged population: a study of 4,184 patients.

Within a seven-year period (1980-1986), 4,184 Nigerians aged 31-60 years were admitted into the medical wards of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The clinical notes of these patients were analysed and the principal diagnoses for each case was coded in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases. Cardiovascular, infective, neoplastic and neuro-muscular diseases constituted the commonest disorders being 70pc of all diseases at admission in this age group. The relevance of these findings in the light of the pattern of diseases elsewhere is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Primary liver cell carcinoma presenting as extrahepatic biliary obstruction.

Two cases of primary liver cell carcinoma simulating extra-hepatic biliary obstruction are presented. In order to avoid false diagnosis and preventable laparotomy, it is suggested that peritoneoscopy and target liver biopsy should be preferred to blind liver biopsy in the investigation of biliary obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gastrointestinal malignancies in a young tropical African population.

The records of 695 patients with confirmed gastroenterological malignancies over a 10 year period (January 1976-December 1985) were analysed. Of these, 264 patients (37.98%) were below the age of 40 years. Primary liver cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy while gallbladder and oropharyngeal cancers were the least common. Most of the patients (66.3%) were in their fourth decade. The prognosis was poor as most of the patients presented late.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Haemoglobin genotypes and primary liver cell carcinoma in Africans.

The distribution of haemoglobin genotype in 200 patients with primary liver cell carcinoma (PLCC) did not show any statistical difference from those of 200 age and sex-matched controls. It is therefore concluded that haemoglobin genotype is unlikely to play a significant role in the development of PLCC in Africans.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the upper gastro-intestinal tract: gastroscopic findings in Nigerians.

The effect of 4 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, viz Aspirin, Piroxicam, Ibuprofen and Indomethacin on the gastric mucosa of the African was studied on 34 volunteers who had no previous symptoms of acid peptic diseases. Aspirin caused the worst lesions while piroxicam caused the least lesions. The indiscriminate prescription of these drugs, particularly drugs containing acetosalicylic acid should be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dyspepsia in Ibadan.

In a prospective study between January 1982 and December 1986, 402 patients with dyspepsia were seen at the gastroenterology clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. The patients were evaluated using upper gastro-intestinal fibre-optic endoscopy in addition to laboratory and radiological examination. Out of these, 374 patients were later analysed for the present study. Of the group, 14% had peptic ulcers (duodenal ulcer 10.3%; gastric ulcer 3.7%); and 26.7% had mucosal inflammation of oesophagus and gastroduodenum. 55% had no lesion as observed by endoscopy. Our observation therefore indicates that most of the dyspeptic patients at Ibadan have non-ulcer dyspepsia. The pathogenesis of dyspepsia is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Irritable bowel syndrome in Nigerians.

Twenty-six Nigerians with irritable bowel syndrome are reported. Twenty-three patients (88.46%) belong either to the middle or upper socioeconomic class; 16 patients (61.5%) had predominantly constipation. Six of the patients (23.1%) had their first symptoms before the age of 15 years. No sex preference is shown by this study. The most common symptoms are flatulence and abdominal pain, which is relieved by bowel motion, belching, and/or passage of flatus. Cow's milk, stress, and a local diet of beans are the most common aggravating factors, while another local high-fiber diet of cassava was found helpful in reducing the intensity and frequency of symptoms in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Primary liver cell carcinoma associated with infective liver disease.

Three patients, who had primary liver cell carcinoma combined with infective disorders (one each with pyogenic liver abscess, hepatic tuberculosis and amoebic liver abscess), are presented. The importance of further investigation, particularly liver biopsy and/or peritoneoscopy, in patients with liver diseases is highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intradermal vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection in an endemic area (Nigeria), two year results.

To determine the efficacy and safety of hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B) given intradermally, 125 Nigerians (aged 1 year to 45 years), who were negative for hepatitis B virus markers, and randomised into two groups were vaccinated. Group 1 (64 volunteers) was given 3 monthly doses of 2 micrograms vaccine mixed with adjuvant subcutaneously (Institut Pasteur Production-Hevac B) while group 2 (61 volunteers) received 3 doses of 2 micrograms non-adjuvated vaccine intradermally given 1 month apart. A month after the third dose 83 per cent of group 1, 71 per cent of group 2 showed positive response by developing antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. The levels of antibody were significantly higher in group 1 at each stage of the follow-up period, including a month after a booster vaccination was given. The positive response was maintained in almost all the initial responders for the 24 month duration of the study. No significant side effect was documented in any of the participants. The results suggest that population at risk in developing countries could be protected with small doses of vaccine administered intradermally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Non-ulcer dyspepsia in Nigerians clinical and therapeutic results.

To determine the role of hyperacidity non-ulcer dyspepsia, forty-five Nigerians with this diagnosis were compared with twenty patients with proven duodenal ulcer with regard to their basal, maximal and peak acid outputs. The mean basal, maximal and peak acid outputs for the duodenal ulcer group were 6.72, 21.4 and 30.6 mol/h, respectively. In contrast, the corresponding values in non ulcer dyspepsia were 3.46, 13.03 and 17.83 mol/h respectively. This value in the two groups were significantly different. The efficacy of ranitidine at 300 mg daily for the control of the symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia was compared with placebo in a double-blind 4-weeks clinical trial. There was no significant difference in the response of the two groups comprising twenty-three and twenty-two patients, respectively. It is concluded that hyperacidity probably plays little role in non-ulcer dyspepsia and that the newer anti-ulcer drugs may be of little benefit under these circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Radiological and endoscopic correlation in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and malignancy.

Conventional barium meal and endoscopic findings were compared in 75 patients with upper gastrointestinal (UGIT) haemorrhage and 43 patients with clinically suspected UGIT malignancy. Conventional barium meal missed 3 cases of malignancy and gave a false positive haemorrhage, barium meal helped to locate the source of bleeding correctly in 38 patients only 50.7%). While efforts should continue to be made to improve radiological yield, endoscopy, where a available, should be preferred in investigating UGIT diseases.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of essential phospholipid choline in HBs-Ag negative acute hepatitis.

Forty-six patients with HBs-Ag negative acute hepatitis were divided into 2 equal groups in a prospective study. Hepatitis in 12 of the patients (6 in each group) was secondary to septicaemia, while the hepatitis in the remaining 34 patients were of viral aetiology. Patients in the first group received essential phospholipid choline capsules (EPLC Group) for a six weeks period while those in the control group received vitamin B complex capsules over the same period. Essential phospholipid choline (EPLC) was found to hasten recovery in those with viral hepatitis while the drug showed no added advantage in those with hepatitis due to septicaemia.

Adult↗