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Biomedical subjects

M A Aziz

Publications and source records attributed to M A Aziz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Forelimb anatomy of New World monkeys: myology and the interpretation of primitive anthropoid models.

The forelimbs of 12 genera of New World monkeys, two genera of Old World monkeys, and a gibbon were dissected. Of the 54 muscles examined, 19 exhibited significant intergeneric variation. We present arguments for which morphologies are primitive and which are derived within platyrrhines and within anthropoids. We conclude that the forelimbs of Cebus apella and Callicebus moloch represent good models of the ancestral anthropoid morphology. Thus among living anthropoids they are most appropriate for comparisons with early fossil anthropoids. They are also useful for determining whether myological anomalies of human aneuploids are atavistic. Wagner tree analyses were conducted to assess the value of these myological characters in phylogenetic studies of platyrrhines. In most respects the Wagner trees were consonant with phylogenies previously proposed, although some hypothesized trees are less parsimonious than others in explaining our data. There is an unexpected number of derived features shared by Aotus and the Atelines. There are marked dissimilarities in forelimb musculature between Aotus and Callicebus.

Alouatta↗
PubMed1985

The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis X. An assessment of four single dose treatment regimes of MK-933 (ivermectin) in human onchocerciasis.

Nineteen patients from an area of vector control in the savanna region of Northern Ghana, all with moderate to heavy infections with Onchocerca volvulus and some with ocular involvement, were treated with 50, 100, 150 or 200 micrograms kg-1 of ivermectin. Detailed monitoring of clinical and ocular reactions and of alterations in skin microfilarial counts and laboratory indices were carried out during the first 28 days. Microfilarial counts in skin snips and detailed ocular examinations were then repeated at intervals over a period of nine months. Ivermectin slowly eliminated microfilariae from the skin and eye without serious adverse clinical or ocular reactions in all treated groups. There was little difference in efficacy between doses of 100, 150 and 200 micrograms kg-1, and these were more effective than the 50 micrograms kg-1 dose. Very low levels of skin microfilariae were maintained for nine months. Microfilariae were not eliminated from the eye for at least three months. The drug was neither macrofilaricidal nor embryotoxic. However, it produced a dose-dependent stimulation of embryogenesis manifest at one month and succeeded by a suppression of embryogenesis at three months after therapy. In areas where transmission of onchocerciasis has been interrupted, ivermectin may need not be given more often than once a year. The efficacy of the drug on single dosage and the mild adverse reactions produced, if confirmed in subsequent controlled studies, would greatly simplify the treatment of onchocerciasis and would reintroduce new concepts of the role of chemotherapy in the control of onchocerciasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Experimental infection of goats with Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis.

Goats were experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis from sheep, proving that this mite is not completely host specific. More severe lesions were produced on goats when the mites were applied to lacerated than when applied to scarified or non-scarified areas. Lesions were more pronounced on moistened areas than dry areas, and lesions produced on dry scarified areas resembled those produced on non-scarified moistened ones. Skin scrapings from the experimental lesions in the goats contained numerous mites of all stages, proving that the sheep mites had become well established and were reproducing actively in the experimental lesions. Sever histopathological changes were observed in skin sections, which showed mainly thick scab formation, mites beneath the keratin and severe degenerative and necrotic changes. Treatment of the experimental lesions with Lorexane cream (hexachlorocyclohexane) produced rapid and excellent cure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A new technique for the isolation of Demodex bovis from preserved infected material.

A technique for the preservation of infected material from lesions of bovine demodicosis is described, together with a simple method for the isolation and permanent mounting of individual Demodex bovis mites. The technique is based on the fact that the mites float up from pus and cell debris, from which they can easily be collected.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Efficacy and tolerance of ivermectin in human onchocerciasis.

Initial clinical studies in 32 Senegalese subjects have demonstrated the efficacy of ivermectin in Onchocerca volvulus infection (river blindness). Although O. volvulus microfilariae in skin snips were not reduced in number after single oral doses of 5 micrograms or 10 micrograms/kg body-weight, they were greatly reduced in all subjects after single oral doses of 30 micrograms or 50 micrograms/kg and were eliminated completely in 6 of th 8 subjects who received the 50 micrograms/kg dose. All subjects tolerated the drug well. Transient pruritus which did not require treatment was observed on the day the dose was given in 2 of the 8 subjects after the 30 micrograms/kg dose and in 4 of the 8 who received the 50 micrograms/kg dose. Ivermectin produced no abnormal laboratory results.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Possible "atavistic" structures in human aneuploids.

Comprehensive dissections of aneuploid (trisomy 18 and 13) neonates have revealed numerous supernumerary muscles that, although present in rare individuals, do not regularly occur in the human. These supernumerary muscles include: "platysma occipitalis," "rhomboideus occipitalis, "deltopectoral" complex, "latissimocondyloideus," "pectorodorsalis," "chondrohumeralis," and "peroneus digiti quinti"; a few muscles, e.g., palmaris longus and brevis are lacking altogether. One specimen exhibited a "linguofacial trunk" arising from the external carotid artery. The supernumerary muscles found in these aneuploid specimens are regularly found in monkeys and sometimes in the great apes. It is suggested that these supernumerary muscles may be "atavistic" structures. Problems in establishing homologies between these muscles among primates are discussed, and mechanisms leading to the development of these muscles in human aneuploids are proposed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1981

Muscular anomalies caused by delayed development in human aneuploidy.

Comprehensive dissections of three infants with trisomy-13 and three with trisomy-18 have revealed several muscles which appear to be "abnormal" at the time of birth and shortly thereafter. Careful observations show that the peculiar morphology of these muscles results from delayed development rather than from anatomical malformation. The observations are compared with physiological, pathological and in vitro experimental studies of delayed embryonic development in human aneuploidy.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1980

Anatomical defects in a case of trisomy 13 with a D/D translocation.

Gross morphological defects and variations in a cytogenetically confirmed case of trisomy 13 with t (D/D) are described comprehensively for the first time. The subject, a female neonate, exhibited the following clinical features: microcephaly, sloping forehead, coloboma of the iris, bilateral cleft lip and palate, short neck, and postaxial extra digits on hands and feet. Visceral anomalies included: dextrocardia; hypertrophied right ventricle; common atrium; hypertrophied sinus venosus; persistent left superior vena cava; a large, patent ductus arteriosus interventricular septal defect; Meckel diverticulum; common mesentary; omphalocele; accessory renal arteries and veins; bicornuate uterus; bilateral agenesis of the olfactory bulb; partial holoprosencephaly; and the ulnar nerve passed anterior to the medial epicondyle, bilaterally. Supernumerary muscles included: pectorodorsalis ("achselbogen"); chondroepitrochlearis; sternochondroscapularis; accessory heads of biceps brachii; and radiocarpus. The following muscles were absent: stylohyoideus; pectoralis minor (left); subclavius; palmaris longus and brevis; plantaris; and peroneus tertius. The following muscles exhibited unusual variations: digastricus; mylohyoideus; pectoralis major; and extensor indicis. These findings are compared and contrasted with those recently reported in primary trisomy 13 and 18 and with a case of trisomy 13 with a D/G translocation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Muscular and other abnormalities in a case of Edwards' syndrome (18-trisomy).

This paper describes the anatomical variations observed in a specimen exhibiting Edwards' Syndrome (18-trisomy). The clinical and autopsy data are compared with those reported in earlier literature. Aside from having a tracheoesophageal fistula, the viscera were characterized by abnormalities of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. The facial musculature was relatively undifferentiated. Only a few abnormalities were recorded in the otomandibular and suprahyoid structures. The infrahyoid region had three pairs of supernumerary muscles, including the "sternohyoideus azygos." The bluk of abnormalities were found in the muscles and nerves of the upper limb. These included the absence of the palmaris longus and brevis, the subclavius and the extensor digiti quinti proprius; the presence of supernumerary muscles, e.g., the "rhomboideus occipitalis," the "latissimocondyloideus," and the "subclavius posticus." The deltoid and the pectoralis major were fused to form the "deltopectoral" complex. A definitive musculocutaneous nerve was found in the right arm only. In the lower extremity supernumerary muscles included the "tenuissimus," "peroneus quinti digiti," and the "extensor primi internodii hallucis."

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18↗