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Biomedical subjects

M A Bieber

Publications and source records attributed to M A Bieber.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lack of oestrogen-like activity in commercially refined vegetable oils.

Commercially refined corn, safflower, sunflower and soya-bean oils, as well as well as lard and beef tallow, were fed to pre-pubertal female mice at a level of 5 or 20% of a semi-synthetic diet to assess whether they exhibited any oestrogen-like activity, as measured by changes in uterine weight or in the ratio of uterine weight to body weight. No measurable oestrogen-like activity was observed, in contrast to the effects in positive-control animals treated with 5, 10 or 15 ppb diethylstilboestrol. This finding contradicts an earlier report in the literature. It also shows that oestrogen-like activity in a commercially refined oil is not likely to be a variable in the complex mechanism of the dietary modulation of induced breast-tumour growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oil gavage test-compound administration effects in NTP carcinogenesis-toxicity testing.

Consulting toxicologists began in 1982 to question the use and potential involvement of oil gavage test-compound administration in unexpected NTP carcinogenesis responses. Investigations have focused on corn oil gavage alternatives, vehicle type and volume, alteration of MTD, teratogenic effects, disposition of test compounds, and target tissues. Micoencapsulation will require considerable development research to make it a suitable alternative. Vehicle type and volume appear to have different effects on the apparent MTD, teratogenicity and disposition of very similar compounds. Only two tissue effects have been observed in the NTP oil gavage bioassay data. First, there is a sporadic and weak association with exocrine pancreatic acinar cell proliferative lesions; these lesions are highly correlated with overweight male Fischer 344/N rats. Second, leukemia is reduced about 50 percent in the male Fischer 344/N rats; this is a strong association which results in an 8-10 percent increase in survival. The protective effect of corn oil gavage is remarkable and there is no significant enhancement of tumor development. Corn oil gavage under the conditions of the NTP carcinogenesis bioassay does contribute to overnutrition and undesirable increased body weight, especially in male Fischer 344/N rats. The NTP and NCTR research programs include research plans to address critical oil gavage, diet composition feeding regimen, exercise and hormonal status questions. Results of these studies will point the way to improving long-term carcinogenesis and toxicity testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A controlled trial of glucose versus glucose and amino acids in premature infants.

A controlled study comparing two intravenous fluid regimens was performed in sick, premature infants. The regimens were isocaloric at 60 calories/kg/day, one providing glucose alone, the other glucose plus 2.5 gm/kg of amino acids. There was no difference in changes in body weight between the two groups; infants receiving glucose alone were in negative nitrogen balance; those receiving glucose plus amino acids were in positive nitrogen balance. Plasma amino acid values were compared to published, postprandial normal values. The TEAA and TAA of infants receiving amino acids were not different from normal. Values of TEAA and TAA of infants receiving glucose alone were significantly lower. Essential fatty acid deficiency developed in infants receiving amino acids but not in those receiving glucose alone. It is concluded that the glucose plus amino acid regimen results in anabolism without undue metabolic costs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Effects of total parenteral nutrition and semi-starvation on the liver of beagle puppies.

The effects on hepatic growth of fat-free TPN and semistarvation have been studied in newborn beagle puppies. Our data indicate that liver growth during TPN is characterized by normal deposition of protein and minerals, with increased glycogen and decreased lipid content. While the lipid pattern of TPN livers is normal, the phospholipid fraction contains an abnormal fatty acid pattern, consistent with the development of essential fatty acid deficiency. The exact physiologic significance of this is unknown, but it is tempting to speculate that changes in integrity of the hepatic cell membrane as a result of this abnormal fatty acid pattern might account for some of the clinical abnormalities of hepatic function during TPN.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Reversal of experimental essential fatty acid deficiency by cutaneous administration of safflower oil.

The intriguing observation that cutaneous application of essential fatty acid (EFA)-rich oil corrects the biochemical abnormalities of EFA deficiency was evaluated in EFA-deficient rats. Approximately 185 mg of safflower oil (140 mg of linoleic acid) were applied daily for 15 days to the kin of EFA-deficient rats. Before and after treatment with the safflower oil, the fatty acid patterns of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid as well as of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol ester fractions were determined. The linoleic and arachidonic acid content of both plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid increased, while the eicosatrienoic acid content of both fractions decreased. The linoleic acid content of plasma triglyceride increased with safflower oil treatment, but little change occurred in the almost undetectable pretreatment levels of arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acid. In the plasma cholesterol ester fraction, arachidonic acid increased with treatment and eicosatrienoic acid decreased, but the small increase in the linoleic acid content was not statistically significant. Thus, the study confirms the observation that cutaneous application of EFA-rich oils reverses the plasma biochemical manifestation of EFA deficiency. In addition cutaneously applied EFA-rich oils reversed the biochemical manifestations of EFA deficiency in erythrocytes. Whether or not cutaneous application of such oils will prevent EFA deficiency, however, remains to be proven.

Administration, Oral↗