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Biomedical subjects

M A Burkhardt

Publications and source records attributed to M A Burkhardt.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Nurturing and caring for self.

As instruments of healing, nurses commonly provide therapeutic counseling, but often do not heed their own advice for self-care. To give to others, nurses need to nourish all aspects of self. The self extends far beyond the needs of the physical body. Therefore, giving of the self requires self-nurturance of the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects. This article describes how to nurture and care for the self.

Emotions↗
PubMed2000

Healing relationships with nature.

Our health is intimately connected to the health of our environment. The contemporary world view which sees a radical distinction between humans as subjects and world as object can obscure our recognition of how much we rely on nature for health and survival. Indigenous traditions and contemporary scholars remind us that we live in a universe in which all things are connected, and in which nature continues to offer its gifts in co-creative partnership for the health and wellbeing of all. Living in awareness of our relationship with nature enables us to open more to the experience of nature's nurturing. Many complementary therapies derive from ancient practices that involve nature in healing partnership. As nurses and midwives we must learn to expand our boundaries to encompass the many ways that nature partners with us for healing.

Aromatherapy↗
PubMed1998

Health professions students as research partners in community oriented primary care.

This paper describes the process of involving health professions students in research in rural primary care and how their research has contributed to the development and expansion of a rural community health center. Since 1978 over 400 students have completed rotations at the center, and more than 200 have been health profession students, including medical, nursing, physician assistant, pharmacy, and health administration students. A total of 96 research projects were completed. These projects lie in two main areas: medical services and community outreach. Those related to medical services include measures of access to care, quality of care audits, clinical guideline development, practice patterns, prevalence studies, and qualitative research. Projects focusing on community outreach include community surveys, screening follow-ups, program evaluation, and program development. Principles that guide the selection and conduct of research projects include: Projects should be directly related to important work of the practice and reflect an interest of the student; projects are structured to include some or all of the following: literature search, data analysis, a visual display of quantitative information (table or graph), and application of relevant statistical tools; the student has a project supervisor; the student is a participant rather than an independent investigator; and a research flow sheet is used to orient students and NRHA staff to the larger research effort. Students are expected to present results, conclusions and recommendations to an appropriate group. Student research has made a significant contribution to both practice activities and practice policies.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1996

Viewing persons as stories: a perspective for holistic care.

In our increasingly hurried and high-tech society, patients and families hope that those who care for them are interested in the depth and uniqueness of their lives. Viewing persons as stories enables the understanding that events and experiences in life occur within a unique context for each individual. This article considers the healing potential of story within the healthcare milieu. Story involves an interpretation of events and experiences, and may communicate more truth about the patient than extracted data from traditional history taking. Viewing persons as ongoing and unfolding stories provides a perspective from which healthcare providers intentionally seek and listen for story. This article presents examples of stories encountered in research and clinical practice, the value of story and metaphor in the clinical setting, ways of attending to one's own story, and ways of encouraging and hearing the stories of others.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Becoming and connecting: elements of spirituality for women.

This study explored women's understandings of spirituality through in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 12 adult women in Appalachia. Data were analyzed utilizing the constant comparative processes of naturalistic inquiry and grounded theory. The results revealed spirituality as a unifying force permeating all of life, and manifested through one's becoming and connecting. Women indicated that spirituality shapes and gives meaning to life, is expressed in one's being, knowing, and doing, and is experienced within caring connections with Self, Others, Nature, and Ultimate Other. Spirituality was related to an inner knowing and source of strength. This study contributes to understanding the concept of spirituality for nursing, affirming the importance of women's stories.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reawakening spirit in clinical practice.

This article describes processes for incorporating spirituality into clinical nursing practice. Spirituality is viewed as a unifying force manifested in the Self, which is expressed and experienced in the context of caring connections with oneself, others, nature, and God/life force. Spirituality relates to an inner knowing and source of strength reflected in one's being, one's knowing, and one's doing. The nurse's intentional, caring presence with clients makes possible the speaking and hearing of spiritual concerns. Such concerns are revealed in the context of one's life story. Nurturing the nurse's own spirit is essential for responding to the spirit in any interaction. Nurses frequently deal with issues of spirituality but may not label them as such. This article suggests processes through which nurses may more clearly identify spiritual issues. Spirit is understood to be both the source of and a manifestation of one's spirituality. By reawakening spirit in clinical practice, nurses will be more effective providers of holistic nursing care.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of spirituality in the lives of women in a rural Appalachian community.

The aim of this study was to add to nursing's knowledge base relative to spirituality by exploring how women in rural Appalachia experience and describe spirituality in their daily lives. Data was gathered through participant observation in a small rural community in West Virginia, including in-depth interviews of five women from the community. Characteristics of spirituality included belief in God or Greater Source, prayer/meditation, and a sense of relationship or connectedness with others, nature and oneself. The dominant theme which emerged relative to these relationships was that of self-reliance or inner strength. Spirituality for these women relates to the whole of life and is relational.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spirituality: cornerstone of holistic nursing practice.

Practitioners of holistic nursing seek to be part of an environment that is healing, recognizing that healing occurs on many levels. Suffering and pain are viewed as part of larger life experience and may be sources of growth and transformation. Understanding that spirituality has to do with all of life and is expressed in a variety of ways, the practitioner of holistic nursing is open to the spirituality of self and others, as manifested in the ordinary as well as the dramatic, and in gentle ways encourages its experience and expression.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1989

Spirituality: an analysis of the concept.

Learning to listen for indications of significant relationships and experience of connection is an important skill for the nurse. The nurse needs to be aware of the variety of expressions of spiriting, recognizing that it is often not expressed in traditional religious language. Dealing effectively with spiriting with clients requires an investment of the self, which is an intentional way of being with the client and can be a part of every nurse-client relationship.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1986

Professional role synthesis for nursing faculty: a redefinition of faculty practice.

Nursing faculty role is the synthesis of theory, education, practice, and research within a school of nursing environment. This model of nursing faculty role presents a synthesis and implementation of professional nurse role that nursing faculty might use to systematically meet the goals of developing nursing theory based on clinical practice, redefining and evaluating this theory through research, and educating students.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1971

Evaluation of enterovirus immune horse serum pools for identification of virus field strains.

Immune horse sera to 42 enterovirus immunotypes were pooled according to the Lim Benyesh-Melnick and the "intersecting serum" schemes. Each serum was diluted in the pools to contain 50 antibody units. After it was established that the pools correctly neutralized prototype virus strains, they were evaluated in tests against 273 enterovirus field strains representing most of the viral types included in the pools. With test virus doses of 10-100 TCD(50), most of the poliovirus and coxsackievirus field strains were correctly identified in both schemes, but a number of the echoviruses were neutralized by heterotypic pools, particularly in the Lim Benyesh-Melnick scheme. However, at higher test virus doses of 320-3200 TCD(50), little heterotypic neutralization occurred in either scheme, and 93-94% of the virus field strains were correctly identified in each scheme. With these larger virus doses, breakthrough tended to occur in homologous pools by the 7th day, but rarely by the 5th day. Since the Lim Benyesh-Melnick pool scheme employs 8 pools as compared with 13 for the intersecting serum scheme, and since the two schemes were equally satisfactory for identifying virus field strains at test virus doses of 320-3200 TCD(50), immune horse sera will be pooled by the former scheme, thus utilizing fewer pools, for distribution to qualified viral diagnostic laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of apoptosis and apoptosis-related peptides in various stages of rejection in the human transplanted liver.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the transplanted liver, the role of apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins are largely unknown. This study addresses the question whether hepatocyte or leukocyte apoptosis plays an important role in acute rejection of the transplanted human liver and which pathways are involved. METHODOLOGY: Cryosections from liver biopsies with acute rejection were stained with the TUNEL technique for detection of apoptosis and labeled immunohistochemically with antibodies against CD95, bcl-2, TGF-beta and iNOS. A double-labeling protocol was developed for simultaneous detection of iNOS and apoptosis. Liver tissue with chronic viral hepatitis, with hepatitis reinfection and tissue without pathological findings served as a control. RESULTS: Leukocyte apoptosis was markedly reduced in severe compared to mild or moderate acute rejection. Hepatocyte apoptosis is detected rarely in acute rejection with a slight increase from mild to severe despite a strong expression of CD95 and TGF-beta on hepatocytes. The hepatocyte expression of iNOS is weak in acute rejection but strong in control slides with hepatitis B/C reinfection. In acute rejection, simultaneous expression of iNOS and apoptosis could be demonstrated in Kupffer-cells. CONCLUSIONS: Severe acute rejection in the human transplanted liver is characterized by a lack of apoptosis of infiltrating portal lymphocytes probably caused by a reduced downregulation of lymphocyte function. Secondly, in spite of the strong expression of CD95 and TGF-alpha, hepatocyte apoptosis plays a limited role for liver damage in acute rejection. Finally, Kupffer cell apoptosis is increased in acute rejection and seems to be induced by nitric oxide.

Apoptosis↗