Bacterial productivity distribution during a rainy year in an estuarine system.
Bacterial density and productivity were investigated along four salinity gradients within the estuary Ria de Aveiro. Bacterial variables and environmental parameters were measured at three to four stations spanning the entire salinity gradient of the four channels. The rather high variation in bacterial productivity (0.16-7.6 microg C L(-1) h(-1)) along the profiles of salinity indicates that bacterial activity shows a reactive behavior to environmental changing. Bacterial density (0.5-11.2 x 10(9) cells L(-1)) with a comparative smaller variation showed a more conservative behavior, mainly reflecting the phytoplankton distribution. Contrary to expectation, minimal values of bacterial productivity were not observed in November-December but in June. In fact, in November-December, the deep zone near the mouth showed the highest values of bacterial activity. At the upper stations, the highest values were observed in October. The relatively high values of bacterial production during the cold rainy season suggest that allochthonous substrates leached out from the surroundings by rain controlled the distribution of bacterial activity in the estuarine system. The substantial decrease in salinity during the rainy season negatively affected bacterial productivity, namely in the marine zone, where water column was highly stratified. Salinity seems to play an indirect role in the regulation of estuarine bacteria because there are different bacterial communities adapted to a wide salinity range.