PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M A Galin

Publications and source records attributed to M A Galin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cataract extraction in glaucoma.

Cyclodialysis lens extraction or cyclodialysis canalicular trabeculectomy lens extraction in one eye and cataract extraction in the fellow eye were performed in 24 glaucoma patients. The combined procedure follow-up was from five to 12 years in the first group, two to four years in the second group, and from three to ten years in the control group. The 50% success rate of cyclodialysis lens extraction can be enhanced with no significant increase in surgical morbidity or postoperative complications by performing a cyclodialysis canalicular trabeculectomy where the disinsertion of the scleral spur is carried out under direct visualization.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The effects of timolol on cataract extraction and intraocular pressure.

We studied the effect of timolol on post-operative intraocular pressures (IOPs) in a control and experimental group of 30 eyes, each in patients who had uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extractions, most with iris clip lenses. Closure of the eye in each case was with three 6-0 silk sutures preplaced in a morticed incision. Six control eyes had IOP increases of 6 mm Hg or more within 24 hours of surgery. One patient treated with timolol had an IOP increase of 6 mm Hg or more. The differences in IOP between the control and experimental groups were statistically significant at the .01 level. The pressure lowering ability of timolol appears to be prophylactic as well as therapeutic. It is well suited for pseudophakic eyes as pressure reduction is not associated with pupillary alterations.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1979

Sodium hydroxide sterilzation of intraocular lenses.

Intraocular lenses of polymethylmethacrylate contaminated with various inocula of bacteria, spores, and fungi were sterilized by modifications of the Ridley method using sodium hydroxide. Positive cultures were obtained from iris-supported lenses contaminated with concentrations of approximately 1 x 10(6) organisms per milliliter after one hour in 10% NaOH. No positive cultures were obtained when lenses remained in 10% NaOH for three hours, a time corresponding to a 1 x 10(-6) probability of surviving organism. The NaOH method, when appropriately used, is an effective sterilization process for intraocular lenses.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1979

Retinal detachment in pseudophakia.

In a series of cataract patients excluding myopic individuals, under age 60 years, and cases in which vitreous loss occurred, retinal detachment was no less frequent after intracapsular cataract extraction and Sputnik iris supported lenses than in controls. Both groups were followed up for a minimum of two years. The detachments predominantly occurred from retinal breaks in areas of the retina that looked normal preoperatively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Time analysis of corneal endothelial cell density after cataract extraction.

Serial endothelial photographs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively in 200 eyes; 111 eyes contained a Rayner iris clip lens, 54 eyes contained a Fyodorov Sputnik lens, and 35 eyes had no lens. Central endothelial cell density was changed in all instances, with counts in implanted eyes declining 25 to 30%, and in nonimplanted eyes 10 to 15%. In both instances, the decline essentially ceased at about three months. The cause of the greater decline in implanted eyes appeared to be mechanical and subsequent cell loss after the 90-day period was virtually equal for the two groups. Methods that may be used to alter the difference in cell density occurring with implantation are best analyzed by using the 90-day period data for comparison.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Binkhorst Lecture (Part 1). Experimental cataract surgery.

The use of intraocular lenses in cataract surgery leads to a greater corneal complication rate than surgical treatment without such devices. It has been assumed that the predominant reason for this is surgical trauma at the time of lens insertion. A laboratory study to verify and analyze this difference has been carried out, the cat being used as an experimental model. This first report evaluates the effect of the usual steps of cataract extraction on the density of corneal endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cystoid macular oedema and ocular inflammation. The corneo-retinal inflammatory syndrome.

Intraocular lens implantation may be associated with an inflammatory syndrome which leads to corneal decompensation and cystoid macular oedema. The inflammatory aspects often do not appear striking but manifest as mild ciliary flush, mild flare, moderate cells in the anterior chamber, and moderate vitritis. The cornea will decompensate in the presence of endothelial cell counts which are sufficient to maintain corneal clarity in the non-inflamed eye. Metal-looped lenses and poorly polished lenses cause iris chafing and capillary leakage which increase the severity of this syndrome. It is postulated that intraocular surgery initiates an inflammatory response which is augmented by certain components of intraocular lenses. The mediation for this increased inflammatory response may be inhibited by both steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The presence of white blood cells and their products, such as lysosomal enzymes, may be sufficient to perpetuate the inflammatory response and cause damage to abnormal and normal cells. The presence of protein and its immune components, as well as complement, may be involved in this syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Binkhorst Lecture. (Part 2). Experimental cataract surgery--electron microscopy.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic examinations were performed on cat corneas after the steps usually taken to perform cataract extraction were completed. The endothelium did not replicate, but showed nuclear division or segmentation occasionally. In each case, the anterior segment was free from any evidence of inflammation one year after surgical treatment--unless a pseudophakos had been inserted: in some of these cases, significant numbers of white cells were present, a condition that may contribute to anterior segment complications from implants.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Stereoscopic acuity measurement in aphakia.

We performed a variety of tests to assess binocular function on monocular aphakic patients wearing contact lenses, monocular pseudophakic patients, bilateral spectacle-wearing aphakic patients, bilateral aphakic contact lens wearers, and bilateral pseudophakic patients. Stereoscopic acuity levels at distance and near when visual acuity was at least 6/12 (20/40) provided the most useful data. Pseudophakic patients and contact lens wearers performed equally well and outperformed spectacle wearers. Implant patients did not have superior stereoscopic acuity.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1978

Trimolol: effect on intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma.

Timolol maleate is an effective agent of reducing intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma. To date, there are no adverse side effects demonstrable with use of this medication. Its mechanism of action is not clearly delineated but preliminary data suggest an effect on outflow facility.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

Argon laser photocoagulation of the posterior segment in pseudophakia.

A series of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies was performed to explore the safety and efficacy of argon laser and xenon arc photocoagulation in pseudophakia. The polymethylmethacrylate intracameral lens (Fyodorov) proved resistant to photothermal decomposition and allowed transmission of therapeutically effective energy levels to the retina. The argon laser delivered through a slit lamp and contact lens optical system appears to be the preferred method for posterior segment photocoagulation in pseudophakia. On the basis of five-day tissue culture studies and clinical experience of two years, the intracameral lens does not appear to be a toxic or transmission barrier to careful argon laser photocoagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Surgical repair of leaking blebs.

To repair a ruptured filtering bleb, we used the conjunctiva alone, or combined with its undissected Tenon's fascia, to cover the sclerostomy site. We used mattress sutures to thread the new flap into a vertical corneal groove anterior to the sclerostomy, creating a firm, nonretracting but still sufficiently "porous" cover that maintained filtration and resisted infection and perforation. Seven of eight cases of ruptured filtering blebs have been successfully repaired in this manner with the maintenance of adequate filtration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Detection, removal, and effect of unpolymerized methylmethacrylate in intraocular lenses.

Gas-liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the level of monomer in intraocular lenses and in the preforms used in each step of the manufacturing process. Heating, lathing, molding, and grinding caused an increase in monomer content, presumably the result of depolymerization. The tendency of methylmethacrylate to volatilize, repolymerize, or dissolve precludes high monomer contents from persisting in intraocular lenses. Vacuum ovens or water baths significantly reduced the monomer content to levels of 0.5% or less. Lenses with a monomer content higher than that found in currently available commercial lenses had no effect on rabbit kidney cell cultures. Lens fragments with a similarly elevated monomer content were indistinguishable from lenses with a low monomer content in rabbit eyes. According to these data, monomer does not appear to be a toxic agent in currently available intraocular lenses.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Iris-supported lens implantation v. simple cataract extraction. An analysis of data.

In a study of a selected age (greater than 60) and ocularly matched population requiring cataract extraction, a perfectly executed intracapsular cataract extraction followed by the introduction of a Fyodorov Type II ("Sputnik") lens did not lead to irreversible anterior or posterior segment changes different from those seen in a group followed for from 5 to 9 years. It did lead to an incidence of implant support dislocation and to membrane formation in about 10% of cases, reducible to about 2% with correctly made lenses and the appropriate use of postoperative drugs. The incidence of corneal degeneration (0), retinal detachment (2%), and intraretinal cystic maculopathy (3%) was equal in each group. Visual acuity levels were also equal. In appropriate cases, if the surgery is carried out with sufficient skill, the reward to risk ratio of implantation not only justifies but indicates the use of such lenses.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Radiation therapy of choroidal melanoma.

During the past 8 years, 32 patients with melanoma of the choroid have been treated with cobalt-60 ophthalmic applicators. Excluding three patients lost to follow-up, 24 patients who have now been observed for at least 3 years after treatment form the subject of this study. Each application but two delivered 8,500 to 10,000 rads to the tumour apex. A second application was performed in large tumours showing a poor response to the initial plaque treatment. The factors affecting results include age of the patient, tumour size, total dose delivered, and dose rate. Three out of seventeen patients with tumour diameters greater than 12 mm died of their disease with pulmonary and/or liver metastasis. Three eyes required enucleation and no residual tumour was found in two specimens. Three patients, average age 76 years, died from causes other than melanoma. An 83 per cent relative survival, excluding the three patients lost to follow-up, compares favourably with enucleation. The low incidence of metastasis after radiotherapy suggests augmentation and/or continuation of the host's immune response. Low energy radiation using Iodine-125, with its unusual protective characteristics is ideal for treatment of choroidal melanoma.

Aged↗