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Biomedical subjects

M A Grodin

Publications and source records attributed to M A Grodin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

A conceptual approach to child maltreatment.

Philosophical questions are critical to a broader conceptualization of parenting and childhood maltreatment, whether it is neglect or abuse, because they allow a reconsideration of established institutional models and the constitution of alternative approaches. Examining five areas where philosophical discussion may change the conceptual approach of practitioners--epistemology, certainty, causality, ethics and aesthetics--this paper attempts to provide an agenda for future research and experimentation.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1988

A 19th century medical gift: the Herbert Leslie Burrell Ether Prize of 1896.

The Herbert Leslie Burrell Ether Prize of 1896 was established to recognize the skill and compassion of surgical house officers who administered ether in the most humane manner. The gift was made in tribute to a prominent surgeon at Boston City Hospital and serves to acknowledge the significance of ether anesthesia as one of the pivotal factors in the development of modern surgery.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1988

Children as participants in medical research.

The use of children in research raises the questions about proper justification, assessment of benefit in relation to risk, ability to consent, compensation, and the just selection of subjects. Although substantive and procedural standards have evolved, subpopulations of vulnerable children created new challenges and concerns.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1988

Life-saving therapy for newborns: a questionnaire survey in the state of Massachusetts.

The attitudes of Massachusetts pediatricians concerning life-saving therapies for newborns were surveyed. The sample was drawn from the membership list of the Massachusetts Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Of the sample population of 801 physicians, 449 (56%) responded. Three hypothetical cases were presented with treatment options: (1) An infant with Down syndrome and duodenal atresia, (2) an infant with meningomyelocele and microcephaly and, (3) an extremely low birth weight infant of 700 g and 28 weeks' gestation suffering from birth asphyxia. For case 1, 73% of the physicians recommended surgical correction of the duodenal atresia. Of these, 68% would seek a court order if the parents did not consent to surgery. For case 2, 53% of the physicians recommended surgical repair of the meningomyelocele. For case 3, 90% of the physicians recommended continued resuscitation of the infant and referral to an intensive care unit. Religious affiliation and age were factors influencing these clinical recommendations, with Catholic and younger physicians tending to opt for more aggressive medical intervention. The great majority of physicians (93%) indicated that the economic situation of the family should not affect a decision regarding life-saving therapy. A majority (62%) of the physicians approved of infant care review committees with a primary advisory role. Comparison with earlier attitudinal surveys suggests that pediatricians today are more willing to intervene medically on behalf of infant patients than previously.

Down Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

A 12-year audit of IRB decisions.

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are inter-disciplinary committees mandated by the federal government to review all research protocols that involve human subjects developed in institutions receiving federal funds. The purpose of the IRB is to protect those subjects from unnecessary risk or from risks that outweigh potential benefits. At Boston City Hospital, a study was conducted of the decision-making process of the hospital's IRB over a 12-year period (from 1973-1984) to determine empirically the types of research protocols reviewed, problems frequently addressed, actions taken, and the consistency of the decision-making process.

Boston↗
PubMed1986

Conversion from intravenous to sustained-release oral theophylline in pediatric patients with asthma.

A method for converting pediatric patients from intravenous aminophylline to sustained-release oral theophylline was evaluated in eight asthmatic children. The administration of Theo-Dur tablets two hours before discontinuation of a continuous intravenous aminophylline infusion resulted in a peak rise of 5.6 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml over steady-state serum theophylline concentrations. This method of conversion is acceptable in children with equivalent oral and intravenous doses of theophylline and serum theophylline concentrations less than 15 micrograms/ml. Children with steady-state theophylline concentrations greater than 15 micrograms/ml are likely to develop concentrations exceeding the therapeutic range using this conversion method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Recognition of nonaccidental injury.

Intentional injuries may be grossly underrecognized and underreported. The authors review the literature, provide guidelines for recognizing intentional injuries, and address the problem of identifying intentional injuries. Prevention of these injuries is also addressed and the need for further study is stressed.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1984

Injuries from break dancing.

Break dancing is a popular contemporary activity that has important medical implications. Some dancers have complained of lower back pain and difficulty in bending over-the "breakdance back syndrome." Break dancing injuries are often comparable to the orthopedic injuries that occur in unsupervised athletic activities. Careful screening, instruction, supervision and training of break dancers will help prevent injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Epiglottitis.

Epiglottitis is a life-threatening infection due to Hemophilus influenzae causing respiratory obstruction. Commonly presenting in children under 5 years of age, the obstruction progresses rapidly with associated inspiratory stridor, muffled voice, fever and systemic toxicity. The epiglottis is markedly enlarged on lateral neck X-ray. Once the diagnosis is considered, the patient should always be accompanied by a clinician skilled in airway management, prepared to intervene should acute obstruction occur. Optimally, patients are intubated electively in the operating room by a team of specialized physicians. Nasal or oral tracheal intubation is commonly utilized although a tracheostomy is an alternative means of securing the airway. Positive pressure ventilation may be successful as a temporizing measure if obstruction occurs until the airway is stabilized. Chloramphenicol should be initiated once airway stabilization has been achieved.

Child↗