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Biomedical subjects

M A Ibrahim

Publications and source records attributed to M A Ibrahim.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

A method for selecting criteria to evaluate medical care.

This study tests a questionnaire method for eliciting process criteria for medical care appraisal. The questionnaire was sent to national samples of family physicians, pediatricians, and pediatricians specializing in infectious diseases asking their opinions about various clinical actions in 125 clinical situations concerning respiratory infection in infants. Five hundred twenty-four (54%) physicians returned completed questionnaires. Questionnaire responses favored the performance of a majority of actions and opposed very few. Opinions concerning individual actions, particularly diagnostic tests and treatments, varied widely depending upon the clinical situation presented. A second questionnaire sent one year later indicated that the opinions expressed in the first questionnaire remained stable over time, especially if the initial opinion favored performance of the action. Comparison of the questionnaire responses and medical records of a group of practitioners demonstrated that only 55% of actions favored in a practitioner's questionnaire appeared in his records. Although the questionnaire method appears to be a feasible, specific, and reliable means of identifying clinical opinion, there remains considerable discordance between opinion as expressed in the questionnaire and recorded clinical practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Influence of training and experience on selecting criteria to evaluate medical care.

To determine whether training and experience affect the selection of process criteria for evaluating medical care, three groups of physicians (family physicians, general pediatricians, and pediatricians specializing in infectious disease) were sent a questionnaire asking their opinions about various clinical actions in 125 clinical situations concerning respiratory infections in infants. Five hundred and twenty-four (54 per cent) physicians returned completed questionnaires. The three groups agreed in 93 (74 per cent) situations, especially about history taking, physical examination, and follow-up observation. Disagreements occurred most often regarding antibiotic use. Of the three groups, the family physicians selected the most extensive list of recommended actions including the greatest number of indications for antibiotics. The general pediatricians selected the fewest situations requiring history taking, physical examination and diagnostic tests. The infectious-disease pediatricians felt the greatest necessity to record history and physical-examination items but were the most restrictive in recommending antibiotics and other drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Genetic studies on cycloheximide-resistant strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Cycloheximide-resistant mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were isolated either as spontaneous mutants or after mutagenic treatment with nitrous acid, UV and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Twenty-three spontaneous mutants and 64 induced mutants were analysed genetically. Crosses revealed that at least four loci, designated cyh1, cyh2, cyh3 and cyh4 are responsible for resistance. Alleles of cyh1 show good growth on either high (100 mug/ml) or low (40 mug/ml) concentrations of cycloheximide whereas alleles at the cyh2, cyh3 and cyh4 loci gorw well on 40 mug/ml but poorly on 100 mug/ml. Some alleles at the cyh2 and cyh3 loci are also temperature sensitive (ts), the ts phenotype being conferred by the same gene as the resistance. In diploids, cyh1 and cyh4 are re-essive to wild type whereas cyh2 and cyh3 are semi-dominant. There was no intragenic complementation between three cyh1 alleles. Cross-resistance to trichodermin and anisomycin was shown by cyh2, cyh3 and cyh4 but not cyh1. Most cyh1 alleles, of spontaneous and UV origin only, were cold sensitive (cs) at 14 degrees and some of these were also cycloheximide dependent at the same temperature. It is suggested that the cyh1 and cyh4 genes are involved in ribosome formation or function and the other loci probably affect the uptake of cycloheximide by the cells.

Anisomycin↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiology of organomercury poisoning in Iraq. II. Relationship of mercury levels in blood and hair to exposure and to clinical findings.

In the survey described by Al-Mufti et al. (see page 23) blood and hair samples were analysed for total mercury by modified atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The hair samples were divided into 2.5-cm segments and analysed consecutively. The mean blood levels were 34 ng/ml and 7 ng/ml, respectively in those who had and those who had not eaten contaminated bread.Corresponding mean maximum hair mercury values were 136 mug/g and 5 mug/g, respectively. Hair mercury values provided a better discrimination between different categories of exposure than blood mercury values at the time the survey was performed, some months after the end of the outbreak. Those persons who had not eaten contaminated bread but who lived in the area of high exposure had hair mercury values between the values of those who had eaten and those who had not eaten contaminated bread and who lived in the area of low exposure. Sequential estimation of mercury in 2.5-cm segments of hair in women gave information on the period of accumulation of mercury more than 1 year before the time of collection of the samples. It was possible to show an approximate relationship between the maximum hair mercury value and the amount of contaminated bread eaten. The match between the blood mercury level and the severity of poisoning was poor, owing to the length of time that had elapsed between the onset of poisoning and the sampling. With hair mercury, while the group results showed a good relation to the severity of poisoning, in individual cases the match was less good, especially in those persons where an insufficient length of hair was available for analysis. Biological variation in sensitivity to methylmercury was also likely to have been an important factor.

Adolescent↗