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Biomedical subjects

M A Kim

Publications and source records attributed to M A Kim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Right heart dysfunction in post-tuberculosis emphysema.

SETTING: University-affiliated general hospital. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pump performance of right heart before and after exercise in post-tuberculosis emphysema. DESIGN: In patients with post-tuberculosis or primary emphysema (similar lung volumes), body plethysmography, arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were performed at rest and after exercise. Right heart pump performance was evaluated with the ejection fraction. RESULTS: At rest, in post-tuberculosis emphysema, diffusing capacity (mean +/- SE 72.7 +/- 3.9 vs. 91.0 +/- 7.1% of reference) and right ventricular ejection fraction (57.5 + 1.4 vs. 61.3 +/- 1.2%) were lower and PaCO2 (42.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 38.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg) was higher, while lung compliance, airway resistance, PaO2, and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were not different. After exercise, PaO2 (65.6 +/- 2.8 vs. 80.5 +/- 3.5 mmHg) and right ventricular ejection fraction (51.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 59.6 +/- 1.7%) were lower and PaCO2 (47.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 40.9 +/- 1.5 mmHg) was higher in post-tuberculosis emphysema, whereas alveolar-arterial oxygen difference was not different. PaCO2 and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference increased, and PaO2 and right ventricular ejection fraction decreased in post-tuberculosis emphysema, while they did not significantly change in primary emphysema. CONCLUSION: In post-tuberculosis emphysema, the impairment of gas exchange was more serious. Global assessment should be focused on right heart dysfunction which might be more affected than in primary emphysema.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed2001

Knowledge and performance of the universal precautions by nursing and medical students in Korea.

BACKGROUND: Like the health care workers, nursing and medical students have to go through clinical practices; accordingly, they run a high risk of being exposed to bloodborne diseases. But there are few studies on the realities of preventive education or measures to be taken after exposure to such diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify a knowledge of universal precautions and their performance in practice among the nursing and medical students in Korea. METHOD: This study was based on survey questionnaires with a total of 714 nursing and medical students for the period between November 2, 1998, and April 30, 2000. RESULTS: The average knowledge level of the universal precautions was 267.8 +/- 21.3 (scores ranged from 150 to 300). The knowledge level of the universal precautions of the nursing students (270.4 +/- 19.4) was higher than that of the medical students (261.0 +/- 24.4; P =.000). The average performance level of the universal precautions was 52.7 +/- 6.2 (scores ranged from 14 to 70). The students of the nursing college showed a higher performance level of the universal precautions (53.2 +/- 5.9; P =.002). The correlation between knowledge and performance of the universal precautions showed a weak and positive correlation (r =.317; P=.000). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the knowledge level of the nursing students about universal precautions was relatively higher than that of medical students. The group that receives education about universal precautions has a higher level of knowledge and performance of the universal precautions than that group that receives no such education. The education about universal precautions is indispensable; it is desirable to raise the relative importance for the curriculum of both nursing and medical colleges.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2000

The advantages of On-line transesophageal echocardiography guide during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential advantages of on-line transesophageal echocardiography during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). One hundred thirty-four consecutive patients who underwent PBMV were included in this study. Group 1 included 64 patients who underwent PBMV under fluoroscopy guide only, and group 2 included 70 patients who underwent PBMV under on-line transesophageal echocardiography guide. Inoue balloons were used in all cases. The mitral valve area after valvuloplasty was comparable between the 2 groups. The procedure time was significantly shorter in group 2 (99 +/- 48 min vs 64 +/- 22 min, P <.0001 ), and the average fluoroscopy time was shorter in group 2 without statistical significance (30 +/- 17 min vs 19 +/- 15 min, P =.25 ). Five (7.8%) patients in group 1 and 2 (2.8%) patients in group 2 underwent surgery because of procedure-related complications. The limitation of this study was the learning curve of the operator, because the 2 groups were treated serially. In conclusion, transesophageal echocardiography can be used effectively during balloon mitral valvuloplasty, and it may help to reduce the rate of complications resulting from trans-septal catheterization and balloon valvuloplasty and to reduce procedure time and fluoroscopy time.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2/3 immunoreactivity in the mouse superior colliculus: co-localization with calbindin D28K.

We have studied the distribution of mGluR2/3 in the mouse superior colliculus (SC) with antibody immunocytochemistry and the effect of enucleation on this distribution. We also compared this labeling to that for calbindin D28K. Anti-mGluR2/3-immunoreactive (IR) cells formed distinctive laminar patterns within the lower optic and upper intermediate gray layers. By contrast, anti-calbindin D28K-IR cells formed obvious laminar patterns in three layers: one within the zonal and upper superficial gray layers, a second within the optic and intermediate gray layers, and the third within the deep gray layer. The distribution of mGluR2/3-IR cells thus matches the second layer of calbindin D28K cells. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that more than half (52.5%) of mGluR2/3-IR cells were also labeled with antibody to calbindin D28K. The majority of mGluR2/3-IR cells were small to medium-sized round/oval or stellate cells. Immunoreactivity for mGluR2/3 was clearly reduced in the contralateral SC following unilateral enucleation. The present results show that mGluR2/3 has a unique cellular sublaminar organization in SC that includes some calbindin D28K-IR cells. The effects of enucleation suggest that the retinal projection may control the expression of mGluR2/3 in some cells in the mouse SC.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Equilibrium and non-equilibrium partition of tritium between organics and tissue water of different biological systems.

The biological tritium fractionation factor, accompanying the equilibrium partition of tritium between the organic and the aqueous phases of the biosystem through isotope effects on the enzyme reactions of its metabolism, has been determined. The ratio (R) of the specific activities of organically bound tritium and tissue water tritium has been measured under special conditions to eliminate analytical as well as biological interfering effects that possibly alter the experimental R value. Two plant categories with distinct photosynthetic CO2-fixation pathways, adapted to their different water use efficiency, namely barley (C3 plant) and maize (C4 plant), have been compared in order to estimate the natural variation of the biological tritium fractionation factors among different biosystems.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1986

Lymphocyte proliferation and nucleoid sedimentation in a case of premature aging distinct from Werner's syndrome.

Lymphocyte proliferation and nucleoid sedimentation were studied in a patient with premature aging resembling the Werner's syndrome (WS). Onset of patchy brown hyperpigmentations at the age of 9 months permitted distinction from classical WS and suggested a WS-like premature aging disease. By photometric recording of density changes during cell culture, we examined the course of cell proliferation after PHA stimulation over 7 days and compared these results to those obtained in two normal controls. Cultured cells of the patient displayed an aberrant proliferation pattern characterized by continuous growth without an initial reduction phase. The markedly reduced proliferative capacity of purified cells from the patient could in part be corrected by fetal bovine serum. The cells of the patient displayed a characteristic nucleoid sedimentation profile after ultraviolet irradiation indicating retarded DNA replication, which may be a common feature of various premature aging diseases. The absence of thermolability of cell proliferation and the presence of a high number of chromatid aberrations disclosed differences from classical WS.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1981

[DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum].

DNA-repair of two patients affected with xeroderma pigmentosum was evaluated in lymphocytes after UV-exposure by mitotic index, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and nucleoid sedimentation. The first patient showed no increase in SCE-rate and a sedimentation profile typical of repair deficient cells. In the second patient an increase in SCE-rate and a considerable, but delayed DNA-repair activity in nucleoid sedimentation was found indicating 2 genetically different defects of DNA-repair. In the second patient a defect of postreplication repair is assumed.

Child↗
PubMed1981

The reduction of allyl alcohols by Clostridium species is catalyzed by the combined action of alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase.

Cells, as well as crude extracts of Clostridium kluyveri or Clostridium spec. La 1, catalyze the hydrogenation of (E)- or (Z)-2-butenol to n-butanol. No single enzyme could be detected which directly accomplishes this reaction. It turned out that the reduction occurs as follows: 2-butenol leads to 2-butenal leads to n-butanal leads to n-butanol. The first step is catalyzed by the NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase in C. kluyveri, the second by the recently detected enoate reductase which reduces not only nonactivated alpha, beta-unsaturated acylates but also alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes in a NADH-dependent reaction and the third step is again catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase. In Clostridium La 1 the alcohol dehydrogenase is NADP-dependent. The rate of the reduction of 2-butenol to n-butanol depends not only on the enzymes, but also on the ratio NAD(P)/NAD(P)H. In the presence of methylviologen cation radical which is formed by the reduction of methylviologen by the system H2/hydrogenase, the ratio NAD(P)/NAD(P)H is too small for the dehydrogenation of 2-butenol to 2-butenal. This explains the antagonistic effect of methylviologen in the hydrogenation of allyl alcohols and 2-enoates by both Clostridium species. Furthermore, the mechanism explains the finding that from a preparative point of view ethanol is a better electron donor than hydrogen for the stereospecific reduction of allyl alcohols.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of heterogeneity in xeroderma pigmentosum.

Two cases of xeroderma pigmentosum were studied at the cytogenetic and molecular level. DNA repair impairment was revealed in case 1 by a nucleoid sedimentation technique whereas a half diminished rate of DNA repair could be demonstrated in case 2. This may be a further case of a xeroderma pigmentosum variant.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

[The influence of highly purified hCG on the immunocompetence of human lymphocytes and DNA repair system].

PHA-stimulation of human T-lymphocytes, a parameter of cellular immunocompetence, can be suppressed by highly purified human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a dose-dependent manner. This was shown spectrophotometrically and by the mitosis index. Our results are in agreement with H3-thymidine incorporation studies. We further investigated the DNA repair system in UV-light- and hCG-explsed lymphocytes. It could be shown that DNA repair-replication is disturbed by hCG. Such repair disturbances may cause reduced H3-thymidine incorporation in PHA-stimulated and hCG-treated lymphocytes. It is probably on this molecular level that hCG influences the immunocompetence of human lymphocytes.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1975

[Reciprocal translocation t (5p--;19p+) in three generations (author's transl)].

A reciprocal translocation t (5p-;19p+) in 3 generations is reported. Three carriers with this translocation were healthy, the propositus with the same translocation showed cheilopalatochisis bilaterally, microphthalmus, coloboma of the retina and dysplasia of the hip joints. The cytogenetically unremarkable father of the propositus exhibited micropthalmus and coloboma of the disc and a bifid uvula. It was supposed that there is no correlation between caryotype and phenotype in the propositus. His abnormalities might be induced genetically by the father. The risk data for the descendants of carriers with balanced translocations are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

Late replicating bands of human chromosomes demonstrated by fluorochrome and Giemsa staining.

The addition of thymidine (TdR) to cells growing in a medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) at the end of the first replication cycle results in the incorporation of TdR into the late replicating DNA regions. These sites can be visualized by staining the metaphase chromosomes with the fluorescent dye "33258 Hoechst" or a "33258 Hoechst" Giemsa procedure. A sequence of late replication patterns has been established in metaphase chromosomes of cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. The patterns are in agreement with those obtained by the standard autoradiographic procedures, but are more accurate. As is known from autoradiography, late replicating bands are in the position of G or Q bands. The "33258 Hoechst" Giemsa staining procedure of chromosomes which have replicated in the presence of BUdR first and in TdR for the last 2 hrs of the S phase is preferable to the currently used Giemsa banding techniques: the method yields very well banded metaphases in all preparations examined, as the chromosome structure is not disrupted by the pretreatment. The bands are very distinct, even in the "difficult" chromosomes (e.g. No. 4, 5, 8 and X). In female cells the late replicating X chromosome can be identified by its size and staining pattern. In addition to the replication asynchrony, the sequence of replication within both X chromosomes in female cells is not absolutely identical. The phenomenon of a phase difference in replication between the homologues is not a peculiarity of the X chromosome, but can be found in all autosomes as well as in homologous positions on the chromatids of individual chromosomes.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1975

Fluorometrical detection of thymine base differences in complementary strands of satellite DNA in human metaphase chromosomes.

Using the fluorochrome "Hoechst 33258", intensity of fluorescence was found to differ distinctly between the sister chromatids in the paracentric regions of chromosomes 1, 16, and 19, after one round of replication in medium containing BUdR. Thus the effect of fluorescence asymmetry is not limited to the part of the Y chromosomes that fluoresces intensely with quinacrine; it can also be determined in the weakly Q-fluorescent pericentric regions of chromosomes, which are known to be the sites where highly reiterated sequences of satellite DNA are located. However, an exception is the paracentric region of chromosome 9 which does not show the effect of lateral asymmetry. The difference of fluorescence intensity in the heterochromatic regions of the sister chromatids of human chromosome 1 is measured by densitometric tracement along the long axes of chromosomes; this is obtained from two individuals with an "uncoiler" heterchomatic block (type III) having a relative intensity of 1:1.93 in an average of the total measured blocks. This corresponds to the uneven distribution of thymine base of 22.8 and 43.2 in the two strands of the DNA double hexlix. A chromatid exchange rate of 9 in 100 metaphases per cell cycle was found within the uncoiler region of chromosome 1.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Technique for the visualization of exchange aberrations in human chromosomes.

A technique for the visualization of chromatid exchange in human chromosomes is described. Additon of the base analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) into PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures and subsequent staining with the benzimidazol compound "33258 Hoechst", and Giemsa, results in differential fluorescence or staining of sister chromatids in second division metaphases. This technique allows an accurate scoring of sister chromatid exchanges, and could be used in the evaluation of the effect of external agents on the induction of previously unrecognized chromatid exchanges in human chromosomes.

Chromatids↗
PubMed1975

Correlation of light and electron micrographs of human metaphase chromosomes after incorporation of BUdR and staining with "33258 Hoechst" and Giemsa.

Stained (Giemsa, "33258 Hoechst"1) and "33258 Hoechst" + Giemsa) and unstained metaphase chromosomes from human peripheral lymphocytes, after two rounds of replication in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), have been prepared for electron microscopy. There is a positive correlation between light and electron micrographs. The same differential contrast on electron micrographs has been obtained whether the preparations have been stained or not. We attribute this differential contrast primarily to the lesser condensation of the bifilarly substituted chromatid.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗