Biomedical subjects

M A Latif

Publications and source records attributed to M A Latif.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Sustained improvement of clinical outcome with risperidone long-acting injectable in psychotic patients previously treated with olanzapine.

The efficacy and tolerability of risperidone long-acting injectable were investigated in patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders who had previously been symptomatically stable on olanzapine treatment. Patients received risperidone long-acting injectable, 25 mg, by intramuscular injection every 2 weeks; the dose could be increased to 37.5 or 50 mg if necessary. Patients were transferred directly from their previous medication to risperidone long-acting injectable without a run-in period of oral risperidone treatment. Of 192 patients recruited, 134 patients (70%) completed the study. The principal reasons for discontinuation were withdrawal of consent (8%), adverse events (6%), insufficient response (5%) and non-compliance (4%). Risperidone long-acting injectable produced a significant improvement (p = 0.0001) in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores, from 74.2+/-21.3 at baseline to 65.8+/-21.4 at endpoint. There were also significant reductions in PANSS subscales (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psycho-pharmacology) and Marder factor scores. The Clinical Global Impression increased significantly from baseline to endpoint (p = 0.0001), as reflected by the increase in the proportion of patients rated as 'not ill' or 'borderline ill' from 10% at baseline to 21% at endpoint. Risperidone long-acting injectable was also associated with significant improvements in Global Assessment of Function, patient satisfaction with treatment, and quality of life, measured on the SF-36 scale. Movement disorders, measured on the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, were significantly reduced following the change to risperidone long-acting injectable. Treatment with risperidone long-acting injectable was well tolerated, and no significant weight gain occurred during the study. This open study suggests that risperidone long-acting injectable produces symptomatic improvement in schizophrenia patients previously considered symptomatically stable with olanzapine, along with improvement in movement disorders. The combination of improved efficacy and good tolerability may have important implications for patient adherence to therapy and subsequent long-term outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Intra- and interpopulation variability in maternal transfer of mercury to eggs of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum).

Mercury concentrations were determined for unfertilized eggs from seven walleye populations and for muscle and liver tissue from three of these seven populations in Canada and the United States. Female walleye transferred very little of their body methylmercury burden to their eggs. Methylmercury concentrations in eggs were 1.1-12% of those in muscle, and methylmercury burdens in eggs represented only 0.2-2.1% of the total body burden. Egg methylmercury as a percentage of total mercury increased with maternal length across populations. Percent methylmercury also increased with egg total mercury concentration but the slope of this relationship varied among populations. Egg methylmercury concentration increased with female age, and both muscle and liver methylmercury concentrations. Egg methylmercury concentration was also affected by female length at age but the effect of this relationship varied among populations. Mean predicted egg methylmercury concentrations (ng g(-1) dry) of 8-year-old, 550-mm females for the seven populations were as follows: Clay Lake, 796; Lake Superior, 24.3; Lake Winnipeg, 16.3; Lake Erie, 11.8; Primrose Lake, 8.76; Lake Manitoba, 7.32; Waconda Lake, 6.69.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Effects of environmental and maternally derived methylmercury on the embryonic and larval stages of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum).

The effects of environmental and maternally derived methylmercury (MeHg) on the embryonic and larval stages of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) were investigated using eggs collected during two successive spawning seasons. Eggs were collected from fish in a mercury (Hg)-polluted environment (Clay Lake, Ontario, Canada), and from fish in two relatively pristine lakes (Lakes Manitoba and Winnipeg, in the province of Manitoba). Both bioaccumulation of Hg into muscle and its mobilization into eggs was significantly higher in Clay Lake females. Maternal muscle MeHg concentration was positively correlated with female length and egg MeHg was positively correlated with muscle MeHg concentration in all three populations. Hatching success of eggs from all three stocks declined significantly with increasing waterborne MeHg (0.1-7.8 ng l-1). Hatching success was not significantly affected by egg MeHg concentration. Embryonic heart rate declined with increasing waterborne MeHg concentration, but larval growth was not affected. Occurrence of larval deformities was negatively correlated with size of female, but was not significantly correlated with MeHg in either eggs or water. Larval MeHg was positively correlated with the concentrations of MeHg in eggs demonstrating transmission of MeHg from females. Uptake of ambient MeHg was higher in larvae exposed to higher waterborne MeHg concentrations.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Defects of the external auditory canal: a new reconstruction technique.

This report describes the clinical and radiographic findings together with surgical management of temporomandibular joint contents herniation through the tympanic plate of the external auditory canal. Two patients are reported. A review of the literature is presented, including a brief discussion of the embryological development of the external auditory canal. Excluding infection, trauma or neoplasm, the defect in the tympanic plate of the external auditory canal represents a developmental aberration with failure of the foramen of Huschke to close during development. A pre-auricular approach with insertion and fixation of an onlay polyethylene implant to prevent prolapse of the peri-articular tissues into the ear canal is presented and described.

Ear Canal↗

PubMed1996

Novel drimane sesquiterpene esters from Aspergillus ustus var. pseudodeflectus with endothelin receptor binding activity.

A series of novel drimane sesquiterpene esters (1-6) was isolated from fermentations of Aspergillus ustus var. pseudodeflectus and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods including the HMQC, HMBC and INADEQUATE NMR experiments. The major component of the fermentation, 1, was (2'E,4'E,6'E)-6-(1'-carboxy-2',4',6'-trien)-9-hydroxydrim-7-ene-11 ,12-olide. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 exhibited endothelin receptor binding inhibitory activity against rabbit endothelin-A and rat endothelin-B receptors with IC50 values in the range 20-150 microM. These compounds had similar levels of activity in assays for binding to human endothelin A and endothelin B receptors. The isolation of 9,11-dihydroxy-6-oxodrim-7-ene, 7, a probable biosynthetic precursor to the drimane esters is also reported.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Programme impact on current contraception in Bangladesh.

"This paper analyses the impact of three credit programmes--the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), the Bangladesh Rural Development Board's Rural Development-12 (BRDB RD-12), and the Grameen Bank (GB), on current rate of contraception. These programmes are targeted to alleviate poverty by providing group-based credit to the rural poor in creating self employment opportunities. With small credits, these programmes combine family planning activities in terms of consciousness raising, awareness building and motivation. Sample survey data are used to analyse the problem of impact evaluation. The analyses show that the BRAC and the GB programmes have [a] significantly positive impact on the current rate of contraception, while the BRDB RD-12 programme does not have any such impact. It is also found that education, both of female[s] and male[s] separately, and child survivorship have independently positive impact[s] on current contraception."

Asia↗

PubMed1987

Carcinoid tumour of the middle ear associated with systemic symptoms.

Carcinoid tumour is one of the rarest middle-ear neoplasms. We describe here a case of carcinoid tumour of the middle-ear cleft that presented with aural as well as systemic symptoms. Diagnostic difficulty was encountered using light microscopy, but electron microscopy revealed the neurosecretory granules.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Study of the presence of rabies virus in indigenous bats.

One hundred and thirteen fruit eating and insectivorous bats were captured from different parts of Bangladesh. Antemortem and post mortem examinations of the bats for rabies were conducted. Microscopic studies and biological tests were carried-out with bat's brain for the detection of rabies virus. The results were negative. It may therefore, be concluded that the insectivorous and fruit eating bats from different parts of Bangladesh do not act as the reservoir for rabies virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Studies of the presence of rabies virus among stray dogs in Dhaka City.

One hundred and thirty one stray dogs were captured from Dhaka City. Anti-mortem as well post-mortem examination of the dogs for rabies were conducted. Microscopic studies and biological tests were carried-out with dog's brain for the detection of rabies virus. One dog was found to have rabies virus in its brain. The stray dogs under Dhaka Municipal Corporation area therefore, seem to harbour rabies virus in their brains and could be a source of potential danger to the community after the full development of the disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Circulatory defects during phenformin lactic acidosis.

Detailed hemodynamic and metabolic studies were performed during the course of phenformin related lactic acidosis in two patients. Arterial blood lactate was increased to 11.5 and 26.1 mM/L and arterial blood pH was reduced to 7.05 and 6.80 units, respectively. A marked reduction in cardiac indices (0.94 and 1.15 L/min/m2), stroke volume, and stroke work were observed, with either normal or increased arterial resistance. Mild increases in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (50/11), 45/25 mmHg) were observed, but necropsy in both cases disclosed no evidence of pulmonary vascular obstruction. In the absence of increases in central venous and pulmonary artery wedge pressure, a cardiac failure was excluded as primary cause of the low output state. Hypovolemia was excluded on the basis of radioisotope dilution measurements of plasma volume and red cell mass and no increase in cardiac output followed volume expansion. Oxygen extraction from blood was not grossly impaired. These observations indicate that phenformin-related lactic acidosis may evolve as a circulatory defect characteristic of shock in which oxygen delivery rather than oxygen utilization is impaired. The hemodynamic defect is best explained by a defect in the intravascular distribution of blood volume.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1979

Toxicity of shoti (Indian arrowroot: Curcuma zedoaria) for rats and chicks.

1. A flour was prepared from rhizomes of shoti(Curcuma zedoaria) in such a way that most of the protein was retained. The crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) content in this product was 155 g/kg, compared with approximately 10 g/kg in commercial shoti flour. 2. The high-protein flour proved highly toxic to 5-week-old rats and caused 100% mortality within 6 d when given at 320 g/kg diet. 3. Fresh rhizomes were minced and dried, and the resulting meal was given to weanling rats at 400 g/kg diet. All the animals lost weight rapidly, and two of the five rats died within 4 d. 4. This same shoti meal was given to 1-d-old chicks at 100 and 200 g/kg diet. All the chicks survived the test period (20 d), but body-weight, food intake and efficiency of food conversion decreased with increase in the level of shoti meal in the diet. 5. The traditional method of preparing shoti involves prolonged washing in changes of water, which removes most of the protein and other water-soluble nutrients and, presumably, a toxic constituent. Further investigation is needed to identify the toxic principle, and to discover a less wasteful procedure for removing it.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1971

Clinical studies of the use of bacteriophage in the treatment of cholera.

This study reports the use of bacteriophage prepared in the USSR in the treatment of cholera. Patients with acute cholera were rehydrated with a standard intravenous solution and were then given a bacteriophage preparation in addition to maintenance intravenous therapy. The titre of the phage preparations was between 10(8) and 10(9) pfu/ml. Bacteriophage was given by mouth (25 ml for adults and 20 ml for children) for 3 days; in addition, some patients were also given an intramuscular injection (20 ml) of phage on the first day in hospital. For comparison, other groups of patients were given a standard tetracycline regimen or a placebo preparation. Daily vibrio and phage counts were made on stool samples from all patients and the vibrio strains isolated from each patient were tested for sensitivity to the phage preparation.The criteria used to evaluate the various therapies were duration of diarrhoea, volume of stool, and duration of vibrio excretion.The results of the study demonstrate that, in the doses used, the therapeutic effect of bacteriophage, if any, was markedly inferior to that of tetracycline and that in the current state of our knowledge bacteriophage, as used in this study, has no place in the treatment of cholera.

Adolescent↗