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Biomedical subjects

M A Lyew

Publications and source records attributed to M A Lyew.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Venous air embolism during radical perineal prostatectomy.

An abrupt decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) occurred in an anesthetized male who was placed in the head down position during radical perineal prostatectomy. The end-tidal CO2 was restored after insertion of a wet pack into the operative site, which strongly indicated venous air embolism as the cause. Predisposing factors, detection, and treatment of venous air embolism in this setting are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Blood pressure measurement using oscillometric finger cuffs in children and young adults. A comparison with arm cuffs during general anaesthesia.

Arterial blood pressure measurements (y) obtained from forefinger cuffs were compared with standard arm cuff readings (x) in 41 anaesthetised children and young adults. Mean (SD) differences between cuff measurements were -0.21 (9.15), -1.56 (10.2) and 1.23 (9.12) mmHg for the systolic, mean and diastolic pressures respectively. The correlation for systolic blood pressures (r = 0.85, y = 0.99x + 0.58, sy.x = 9.15) was better than that for mean or diastolic pressures. Oscillometric finger cuffs are suitable for monitoring the systolic blood pressure in children and young adults during general anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Combined air and oxygen entrainment. Effect on the percentage output of fixed performance masks.

Secondary oxygen was added to air entrained by the primary jet of a fixed performance mask. Twenty such masks, in each of six groups rated at 24%, 28%, 31%, 35%, 40% and 50%, gave higher O2 percentages equivalent to those calculated from an equation that related the O2 concentration to the secondary flow. Actual values of both were closely correlated, with regression slopes and intercepts similar to those derived from this equation. This technique is simple and predictable in altering the composition of an air-oxygen mixture delivered to the patient.

Air↗
PubMed1990

Anticholinergic pre-treatment in rigid bronchoscopy. Effect on heart rate, arterial blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias.

The effect of anticholinergic pre-treatment on the hemodynamic changes during rigid bronchoscopy was studied. Eighty four adult patients in three groups received intravenous saline (control), atropine or glycopyrrolate several minutes before anesthesia and venturi ventilation with intermittent thiopentone and suxamethonium. The rises in heart rate and blood pressure and the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias were least in the control group. Transient bradycardia rarely occurred, even in the control group, despite repeat doses of suxamethonium. Although most of the results were not statistically significant, they suggest that preoperative anticholinergic administration may aggravate some of the cardiovascular effects of bronchoscopy resulting from sympathoadrenal stimulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A simple device for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in children.

A simple instrument for measuring adductor pollicis tension in children has been devised. The thumb sensor utilizes a thin conical rubber seal obtained from a 5, 10 or 20 ml Becton Dickinson syringe. A syringe barrel of similar size, fixed at right angles to the sensor, forms a handle for the fist. The sensor is linked to a pressure transducer with non-compliant tubing. Pressure output of the saline-filled system was found to be linearly related to the force exerted on each size of the sensor. In 20 children, aged two to eight years, the device, fitted in turn with the 5, 10 and 20 ml syringe seal sensors, gave train-of-four (TOF) ratios which showed close correlation (coefficient r = 0.96, 0.93, 0.95) and agreement (regression slope b = 0.97, 0.95, 0.98) with those of a force transducer. Thus, inspection of the displayed TOF pressure pulses gives a rapid and reliable estimate of neuromuscular blockade.

Anesthesiology↗