Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M A Maddox.
1. Today's college women are older than college women of 10 or 20 years ago; women's health courses must reflect this demographic change. 2. An awareness of older women's health concerns must be an essential component of any women's health course. 3. Nurses' preparation and traditional advocacy roles make them ideal to teach women's health courses.
As women approach the climacteric period, many changes are occurring in their bodies. Many of the physiologic changes are related to a decrease in estrogen production by ovaries. Hormone replacement therapy has been proposed to help relieve many of the manifestations associated with menopause. Before they begin hormone replacement therapy, women need to be informed about the advantages and disadvantages of this treatment. Decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and preventing further development of osteoporosis are primary reasons for administering hormone supplementation to postmenopausal women. The risk of breast cancer is not increased with low-dose estrogen, and by adding progesterone, the risk of endometrial cancer is virtually eliminated. Not every woman is a potential candidate for hormone replacement therapy. Contraindications exist, and some women experience discomforting side effects. Withdrawal bleeding with combination therapy is the main reason women do not comply with treatment protocols. Although supplementation may prove helpful for the postmenopausal woman, each individual needs to evaluate her own personal situation carefully. Accurate knowledge about normal changes due to decreased estrogen production, the pros and cons of therapy, and personal health status assists in the decision as to whether hormone replacement therapy is appropriate for a particular postmenopausal woman.
OBJECTIVE: We compared the pregnancy rates (PRs) after intrauterine insemination (IUI) with frozen donor sperm prepared in Ham's F-10 medium (Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA) with bicarbonate buffer and synthetic human tubal fluid with HEPES buffer (Irvine Scientific). DESIGN: Women (n = 101) were randomized upon entry into the program, receiving sperm prepared in either Ham's F-10 or human tubal fluid medium their first treatment cycle. If pregnancy did not occur, the alternate medium was used to prepared sperm for the following cycle. SETTING: All patients were treated in our private care center. PATIENTS: Patients entering this study were normally ovulating women undergoing IUI with frozen donor sperm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pregnancy was used as our main outcome measure of success. RESULTS: After 324 cycles of treatment, the PR per cycle of IUI was 17.5% with sperm prepared in human tubal fluid which was significantly different (P = 0.05) from the PR (9.8%) after insemination with sperm prepared in Ham's F-10. There was no statistical difference in the number of motile cells inseminated in each of these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transitory exposure of the sperm in Ham's F-10 medium to the environment during preparation for insemination may result in an alkalinization of the medium that has a lasting influence on sperm fertility.
1. Continuing care services ensured that students received clinical experience with elderly clients in acute and community settings. This allowed the student to employ nursing knowledge and skills to care not only for the acutely ill but also to promote health and to provide health maintenance and rehabilitation. 2. Each year of this 4-year undergraduate curriculum was designed to sequentially build on didactic and clinical experiences of the previous year. 3. By carefully planning clinical experiences emphasizing positive as well as negative aspects of aging, students can be helped to develop more positive attitudes toward the elderly.
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This study searches for causes of dementia by posing the hypothesis that the natural decline in the metabolic functioning associated with aging may mimic the specific "error in metabolism" present in some children at birth that leads to phenylketonuria. Although the Guthrie Test is adequate for children, perhaps a quantitative test is needed for the elderly to detect minute elevations of serum phenylalanine. If a positive relationship could be documented between elevated serum phenylalanine in the elderly and dementia, would a diet low in phenylalanine help prevent some of the manifestations seen in the elderly with dementia? By carefully following these dietary restrictions, would more of the elderly be able to "age in place" in the community and not have to be institutionalized?
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INTRODUCTION: Guided imagery has been suggested as an intervention to help children cope with noxious symptoms associated with medical care. A measure of imaging ability, that is, the ability to generate vivid mental images and to experience those images as if they were real, could be helpful in identifying children most likely to succeed in relieving symptoms with guided imagery. The purpose of this study was to test psychometric properties of a new instrument, the Kids Imaging Ability Questionnaire (KIAQ). METHOD: Three expert clinicians and researchers were asked to review the KIAQ to assess content validity. A convenience sample of 58 children were invited to complete the questionnaire twice to obtain data for tests of reliability and criterion-related validity. RESULTS: Content validity, internal consistency (alpha =.75-.76), and test-retest reliability (r =.73) were acceptable. Criterion-related validity using the Singer Fantasy Proneness Interview as a standard was poor (rho =.31-.46). DISCUSSION: Some psychometric properties were acceptable; however, continued research will be necessary to test validity of the questionnaire and demonstrate a relationship between KIAQ score and success with imagery. With continued research, pediatric nurses may use the KIAQ in practice to identify children most likely to benefit from guided imagery.
During the past 25 years, nurse practitioners (NPs) have become health care providers in a variety of settings. Adult day care is one of the settings in which it is increasingly clear that there is a role for the NP. Nurse practitioners have the potential to provide increased comprehensive primary health care to clients participating in these programs.
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Mammography, professional breast examination (PBE), and breast self-examination (BSE) are viewed as very important screening techniques for the early detection of breast cancer. Mammography and PBE are performed on a routine basis at healthcare facilities, while BSE can be performed in the privacy of the home. The self-care practice of monthly BSE is important for women of all ages. Older women often feel unsure about their ability to perform BSE properly, and many know very little about this self-care practice. The purpose of this research study was to explore the validity of teaching older women the practice of BSE using the method of return demonstration. The inclusion of actual practice opportunities with models into teaching sessions resulted in the older women feeling more confident about their ability to perform BSE.
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