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Biomedical subjects

M A McIntyre

Publications and source records attributed to M A McIntyre.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Surveillance of an at risk population: assessment of postal urine cytology.

The urine postal cytology kit Urotel was assessed against our standard cytological method; 184 patients attending for routine surveillance cystourethroscopy provided free flow urine specimens. The urine cytology was reported blind. Comparison of the 2 tests showed similar specificity but significantly higher sensitivity with the Urotel kit. These kits may have a place in the surveillance of patients at high risk of recurrent tumour or those with carcinoma in situ, reducing the frequency of hospital attendance.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

The endocrinopathy of POEMS syndrome.

We describe the clinical features and post mortem findings in a patient with POEMS syndrome (P--polyneuropathy, O--organomegaly, E--endocrinopathy, M--M protein, S--skin changes), with particular emphasis on the evolution of the endocrinopathy over a three year period. In addition to gynaecomastia this case exhibited primary hypothyroidism and primary and secondary adrenal and gonadal failure. The widespread nature of the endocrine changes suggests that a circulating substance interferes with the action of trophic hormones, possibly by inhibiting second messenger production.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Localisation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase--tissue specific protector of the mineralocorticoid receptor.

In vitro the mineralocorticoid receptor is non-specific and does not distinguish between aldosterone and cortisol. In vivo certain tissues with this receptor are aldosterone selective (eg, kidney and parotid) whereas others with the same receptor are not (eg, hippocampus and heart). Experiments in rats showed that 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (which converts cortisol to cortisone in man and corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone in the rat) was much more highly concentrated in aldosterone-selective tissues than in non-selective tissues. The localisation in the selective tissues was such that the enzyme could act as a paracrine or possibly an autocrine mechanism protecting the receptor from exposure to corticosterone. Autoradiographic studies showed that protection is lost when the enzyme is inhibited; 3H-corticosterone and 3H-aldosterone were bound to similar sites. These findings seem to explain why sodium retention, hypokalaemia, and hypertension develop in subjects with congenital deficiency of 11 beta-OHSD and those in whom the enzyme has been inhibited by liquorice.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1988

Influence of therapy on local control and survival in stage I and II intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

In a consecutive series of 113 patients with localized (Stage I and II) intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma we have retrospectively analysed patterns of survival and relapse in relation to presenting features and therapy. Two patients were treated by complete surgical excision. Seventy-two were treated by radiotherapy (RT), 19 by chemotherapy (CT) and 20 by combined CT and RT. A number of different chemotherapy combinations were employed. Overall survival for Stage I patients was 68.3% at 5 years and 65.5% at 10 years; for Stage II patients it was 61.2% at 5 years and 52.2% at 10 years. Recurrence-free survival for Stage I patients was 51.4% at 5 years and 42.1% at 10 years; for Stage II patients it was 46.2% at both 5 and 10 years. Local control by radiation was achieved in 59/72 (82%) patients treated with less than 40 Gy and 19/20 (95%) treated with 40 Gy or more. There was no advantage for extended field irradiation when compared with involved field. Eleven of 19 (58%) patients treated by CT alone achieved complete response (CR). For patients responding completely to CT there was no clear advantage for irradiation of originally involved bulky sites. For patients with Stage II and bulky Stage I disease there was a significant (P = 0.05) improvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and a trend (P = 0.192) towards improved overall survival for patients treated by CT alone or together with RT compared with RT alone. Independent variables identified by multivariate analysis were age, with better survival for younger patients (P = 0.034) and histopathological group, with better survival for DPDL compared with DH (P = 0.015).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Low grade stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of treatment and relapse pattern following therapy.

Sixty-four patients (37 stage I and 27 stage II) with low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated by surgical excision alone (two patients) or with radiotherapy (53 patients), chemotherapy (five patients) or both (four patients). Actuarial survival was 80.7% at 5 years and 77.9% at 10 years. Actuarial recurrence-free survival at 10 years was 49.4% for stage I and 38.0% for stage II patients. Local control was achieved in 52 out of 56 (93%) patients treated with a radiation dose of 30 Gy or greater. There was no advantage for extended compared with involved, field irradiation. A multivariate analysis identified age, sex, stage and disease site as independent prognostic variables for survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) commonly presents with extensive disease involving extranodal tissues. Involvement of the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, pleura and lung parenchyma are recognised complications although their incidence is uncertain. However, pulmonary involvement is undoubtedly much less common than involvement at other extra nodal sites. Histologically proven NHL limited to the lung parenchyma, after full staging including computerised tomography and marrow trephines, is extremely rare. We report on two such cases and review the literature.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Cellular heterogeneity and drug resistance in two ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines derived from a single patient.

Two ovarian cell lines were derived from the ascites of a patient before and after the onset of resistance to chemotherapy involving cis-platinum, chlorambucil and 5-fluorouracil. Characterization of these lines shows them to have various features in common and some significant differences. Cytologically the lines cannot be distinguished and they both contain high concentrations of oestrogen receptor. However, they do differ with respect to their growth characteristics, karyotype, glutathione content and sensitivity to cis-platinum. The karyotypes of the 2 lines show several marker chromosomes in common but the resistant line contained a chromosome 8 and a 17 which were absent from the earlier sensitive line. This suggests a clonal origin with subsequent divergence to a heterogeneous population.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Fine needle aspiration biopsy and the otolaryngologist.

A survey of the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology in ENT practice was carried out over a 3-year period. The 119 aspirates were taken from a variety of head and neck sites and examined by an experienced cytopathologist. Cytology was accurate in 111 (93 per cent), with two false negative aspirates (1.7 per cent) and no false positive results. There were no complications and the technique was found to be a rapid, safe and cost-effective diagnostic tool.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Prognosis in small cell carcinoma of the lung--relationship to human milk fat globule 2 (HMFG2) antigen and other small cell associated antigens.

Forty fixed tissue sections from patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCCL) have been stained with a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies using a peroxidase anti-peroxidase method and the incidence of staining has been compared to patient characteristics at presentation and to survival. An inverse association between HMFG2 staining and survival was found with median survival in HMFG2 negative patients 13 months compared to 8 months for HMFG2 positive patients. No such association was found with the other antibodies and no association was found between staining and disease extent or primary versus secondary deposits with this panel of antibodies. Epidermal growth factor receptor was detected in 3/38 presentation biopsies and in these 3 patients mean survival was only 5 months. Further prospective study of HMFG2 as a prognostic indicator in SCCL is suggested.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Bladder cancer flow cytometry profiles in relation to histological grade and stage.

Flow cytometry was used as an additional measurement to monitor 59 untreated patients with bladder cancer. The findings indicate that tumours belonging to the same stage and grade can demonstrate different flow cytometric profiles. Using this technique, together with routine histological assessment, we were able to subclassify bladder tumours in respect of their progress. Flow cytometric profiles are recommended for additional information about the aggressiveness of the tumour and the potential response to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Prostatic infiltration in chronic lymphatic leukaemia.

Forty six men with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) were studied for up to seven years. Six patients required surgery for prostatic outlet obstruction. Histological examination of the prostatic chippings showed variable degrees of infiltration with small mature lymphocytes in all six patients, suggestive of a leukaemic origin for the cells. Patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia who undergo prostatectomy may have a higher incidence of leukaemic infiltration than has been previously recognised.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

cis-Platinum and vindesine in combination in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Sixty-three patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the bronchus were treated with a combination of cis-platinum and vindesine. All patients had measurable disease and were of good performance status; none had received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Thirty-three per cent of patients responded, with five patients achieving complete remission. Median duration of response was 4 months, with a median survival of 14 months in the responsers, compared with 6.5 months in the whole group and 4.8 months in the nonresponders. Severe toxicity was encountered, with alopecia, gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity common. Myelosuppression and renal toxicity were not dose-limiting. Thus the activity of this drug combination is confirmed, but severe toxicity precludes its widespread use in clinical practice.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

DNA/RNA ratio in bladder cancer: a factor indicating the recurrence rate?

Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to monitor 24 patients receiving intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy. The patients were selected for MMC therapy because of multiple low stage bladder tumours which had not been cleared by previous endoscopic management. The response to treatment was monitored with cystoscopy, cytology, mucosal biopsies and flow cytometry. Follow-up was for a minimum of 12 months and 19 patients (79%) remained free of tumour. Four patients developed recurrences 6 months after therapy (16.5%) and one showed no response. There were no partial responders. The flow patterns of the four patients who developed recurrence showed an increased RNA/DNA ratio; this was detected after the third MMC instillation and remained throughout the follow-up period. The patients who did not develop recurrence demonstrated either a 1:1 or decreased RNA/DNA ratio. The increased RNA/DNA ratio appears to precede cystoscopic, urine cytology or biopsy evidence of recurrence. If this is confirmed in a larger series it could be used to select patients at high risk for recurrence who would be suitable for alternative therapy.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1981

Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate.

Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate gland was studied in 27 patients. Three different groups were recognised on the basis of the clinical pattern and histological findings. Each group has a different prognosis and merits a different approach to treatment. Thus, stromal involvement of the prostate by transitional cell carcinoma is a sinister finding that requires radical treatment, whereas ductal involvement by either carcinoma in situ or non-invasive papillary tumours can be managed less aggressively. This study emphasises that the present classification for these tumours is unsatisfactory and that adequate histopathological information is essential for their management.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1981

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in south-east Scotland.

This paper reports a retrospective study of 477 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma presenting in the south-east of Scotland (lat. 55 degrees-56 degrees N) between 1961 and 1976. The mean annual incidence during the period 1971 to 1976 was 4.6/100 000 with females affected almost twice as often as males. The incidence has probably increased in the last 10 years. The median age at presentation was in the sixth decade in both sexes and 88 per cent of patients had clinical Stage 1 disease when first seen. Primary lesions on the female lower leg accounted for a third of all tumours. Superficial spreading melanoma was the most common growth pattern. The overall five year survival rate was significantly less for males (48 per cent) compared with females (67 per cent). Other factors which had an independent effect on prognosis were the age of the patient, the site of the tumour, its thickness and mitotic rate. The thickness of the primary lesion was the best index of prognosis, with the five year survival rate ranging from 97 per cent for patients with tumours less than 0.5 mm deep to 38 per cent for those with tumours thicker than 3.5 mm. Although the relationship between tumour depth and duration of signs before treatment was not investigated, it seems likely that better survival figures will be achieved more by earlier diagnosis and treatment than by any change in management.

Adolescent↗