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Biomedical subjects

M A Mikhael

Publications and source records attributed to M A Mikhael.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cerebral phycomycosis.

The incidence of phycomycotic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) remains high in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients. Despite increasing awareness of possible CNS fungal infections, the diagnosis during life remains difficult and is most often made at postmortem examination. The present report describes a histologically confirmed case of cerebral phycomycosis diagnosed in life. The findings on computed tomography as well as other radiological diagnostic procedures are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computerized Transaxial Tomographic and Neuropsychological Evaluations in Chronic Alcoholics and Heroin Abusers

Computerized transaxial tomographic (CTT) scans and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery were administered to 42 paid male volunteers (15 chronic alcoholics, 15 heroin abusers, and 12 matched control subjects). CTT scans revealed that only 1 of the chronic alcoholics had a ventricle/brain (V/B) index larger than normal. One unexpected finding was that the heroin abusers had significantly smaller sulci and V/B indices. Neuropsychological assessments of the alcoholics and heroin abusers revealed functional impairment in a majority of cases; the alcoholics were twice as likely as opiate abusers to show impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radiation necrosis of the brain: correlation between patterns on computed tomography and dose of radiation.

Recurrent symptoms after radiation therapy of a brain tumor are not always the result of regrowth of the neoplasm but may represent radiation necrosis of the brain. Seventeen patients with proven cerebral radionecrosis are included in the present study. In five patients who received 5,000 to 5,500 rads, areas of radiation necrosis of the brain were shown on computed tomography (CT) as low density lesions with no mass effect or contrast enhancement. In 12 patients who received 6,000 to 7,000 rads, radionecrosis was shown on the CT scans either as a localized mass with contrast enhancement or as diffuse low density, isodense, or high density lesions with no mass effect but with occasional enhancement. In all cases, the lesions coincided well with volumes of the brain that received a threshold dose of radiation determined from the isodose reconstruction maps.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Malformation of the cerebral cortex with heterotopia of the gray matter.

Developmental malformation of the cerebral cortex with heterotopia of the gray matter is a rare condition. It can present as unilateral megalencephaly, a localized mass, or focal cortical dysplasia. Four histologically confirmed cases are described in this report, and the findings from computed tomography as well as from other radiological diagnostic procedures are discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Cerebrovascular changes in neurofibromatosis.

Vascular changes in neurofibromatosis are most commonly described in the renal arteries. In the present study, two children with neurofibromatosis and cerebral vascular occlusive changes demonstrated by cerebral angiography are reported. Although focal neurological findings in children with neurofibromatosis are often due to tumours, the sudden development of neurological symptoms in such cases should alert paediatricians to the possibility of cerebral vascular disease.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1978

Radiation necrosis of the brain: correlation between computed tomography, pathology, and dose distribution.

Delayed necrosis of the brain following exposure to high doses of radiation is a recognized hazard. It is important to predict the nature of these postradiation changes, since surgical removal of radiation necrosis may reverse neurological deterioration of patients so affected. The present report stresses the importance of correlating the findings on computed tomography (CT) scans and zones of high radiation dose on dose reconstruction plans in order to differentiate between delayed radiation necrosis and tumors of the brain. This differentiation is not possible using the criteria of CT alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intracranial pearly tumors: the roles of computed tomography, angiography, and pneumoencephalography.

The findings is computed tomography (CT) and other radiological examinations in nine histologically proven cases of intracranial pearly tumors are presented. The CT findings include a low density lesion with no enhancement after contrast medium injection and in some cases a lesser degree of mass effect than would be expected from the size and site of such lesions. Pneumoencephalography is superior to CT in detecting suprasellar pearly tumors when they are isodense with the cerebrospinal fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Case report: diminished density surrounding a meningioma, verified to be an overlying cystic astrocytoma.

Meningiomas examined by computed tomography (CT) often show an area of decreased density surrounding the tumor. Various explanations include edema of the adjacent brain, loculated or trapped subarachnoid fluid, widening of the subarachnoid space, tissue necrosis, and demyelination. The present report describes a case in which this zone of diminished density was a large cystic astrocytoma, overlying a subfrontal meningioma.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Case report: chronic graphite granulomatous abscess simulating a brain tumor.

Brain abscess can develop at the site of retained intracranial foreign bodies many years after the injury. This report describes a 6 1/2-year-old child who presented with recurrent severe headaches and a focal seizure of the right upper extremity. Skull X-ray was normal. Computed tomography of the head showed a mass in the left temporoparietal region with a central area of high density and contrast enhancement, thought to be a neoplasm. The mass was seen on the radionuclide brain scan and was avascular on angiography. Craniotomy revealed a foreign body granuloma with a small abscess cavity and a retained piece of pencil graphite. No one in the family could recall if the child had had such an injury.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Utilization, reliability, and cost effectiveness of cranial computed tomography in evaluating pseudotumor cerebri.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) has reduced the frequency of cerebral angiography from 95% to 32% and pneumoencephalography from 71% to 11% in patients with pseudotumor cerebri. Total hospital stay has been significantly reduced from a mean of 19.6 to 13.3 days and the hospital days required for diagnosis from a mean of 5.8 to 3.4. The diagnostic reliability of CT in pseudotumor cerebri was estimated using Bayes's decision theorem. The combination of CT and radionuclide brain scans provide diagnostic accuracy similar to radiologic contrast studies. The diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri can be adequately established without cerebral angiography and air studies. CT has significantly reduced the morbidity, time, and cost of diagnostic evaluation in these patients.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Sensitivity of radionuclide brain imaging and computerized transaxial tomography in detecting tumors of the posterior fossa: concise communication.

In a series of 25 patients with histologically proven mass lesions of the posterior fossa, computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) and radionuclide (RN) brain imaging detected 23 (92%) and 22 (88%) of the 25 tumors, respectively. In this small group of patients, the difference is not statistically significant. When the results of both techniques were combined, the detection rate was 100%, which emphasizes the complementary value of the two procedures. The two lesions not detected by CTT were metastatic carcinomas, and contrast enhancement was not employed. The three lesions not detected by RN imaging were cystic. The results may represent underestimates of the true sensitivity of both techniques since the use of contrast enhancement with CTT and of posterior flow studies and magnified static RN images of the posterior fossa would probably improve the sensitivity of both tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Correlation between computerized transaxial tomography and radionuclide cisternography in dementia.

A study of the findings on cisternograms and computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) of 144 patients showed good correlation between the two tests. Patients with a cisternographic pattern of communicating hydrocephalus tended to show more severe degrees of lateral ventricular dilation, with involvement of the third and fourth ventricles and relative sparing of the cerebral sulci. Patients with a cisternographic pattern of cerebral atrophy showed lesser degrees of lateral ventricular dilatation and more severe degrees of dilatation of the cerebral sulci. The statistical significance of the individual CTT findings in these patients is presented, and a cheme for interpretation is proposed. The study shows that CTT can replace pneumoencephalography in evaluating patients with dementia, while cisternography contributes complementary information.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Phagocytic capability of the kidney: a possible mechanism for renal uptake of colloid in liver-spleen scanning.

Guinea pigs were given Trypan blue or India ink i.v. and i.m. to demonstrate whether proximal convoluted tubule cells of the normal kidney have potential phagocytic capability. Circulating colloidal particles of Trypan blue solution accumulated in these cells and the accumulation was related to the particle size, dose injection, and duration of experiment. These studies suggest an explanation for the clinical observation of renal visualization with 99mTc-sulfur colloid in patients with congestive heart failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Migration and embolization of macrophages to the lung--a possible mechanism for colloid uptake in the lung during liver scanning.

Estrogenic stimulation of the RES in animals will result in the mobilization of large numbers of phagocytic cells from their natural sites of storage, chiefly the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, into the intravascular space. These cells are trapped in the pulmonary capillary bed and retain their ability to phagocytize colloidal particles. This is suggested to be the mechanism whereby increased lung uptake of colloidal radiopharmaceuticals is observed in some patients with liver diseases or other conditions stimulating the RES. It is further postulated that the known increase of estrogenic hormones in some patients with liver disease may be the in vivo stimulation resulting in increased mobilization of RES cells to the lung and subsequent isotope entrapment. It is possible that prognostic information can be obtained from this finding; however, its exact significance cannot be determined from this present study.

Animals↗