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Biomedical subjects

M A Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to M A Morrison.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Infant feeding practices in East Harlem.

Infant feeding practices among low-income infants in East Harlem were surveyed prior to undertaking a nutrition education program. Data were obtained from 24-hr. recalls on 153 infants seen in a well-baby clinic. Intakes of energy, protein, fat, ascorbic acid, iron, and sodium showed wide variations among infants of similar ages. Nutrient intakes were similar for black and Puerto Rican infants, although some ethnic differences were observed in the types of milk and solid foods consumed. Black infants received formula for a longer period, while Puerto Rican infants were transferred to whole cow's milk at a younger age. In contrast black infants were introduced to table foods earlier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Influence of a nutrition education program (EFNEP) on infant nutrition in East Harlem.

An assessment of the effectiveness of aides working in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) to improve the nutritional status of infants was conducted with a group of 118 infants attending a well-baby clinic in a low-income area of New York City. In addition to clinic care, the fifty-seven study infants received home visits from a nutrition aide whose role was to reinforce nutritional advice received at the clinic. The sixty-one control infants received only regular clinic care. The benefits of having an aide were suggested by three observations: Reduction in the practice of introducing whole cow's milk to young infants, familiarizing older infants with a variety of foods, and reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia. Few of the differences between study and control infants achieved statistical significance, although trends consistently indicated that the presence of aides was beneficial. The problems of assessing the effectiveness of nutrition education programs with healthy infants are discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative biochemistry and fine structure of atrial and ventricular myocardium during autolysis in vitro.

In a previous study we found that the development of fine structural alteration in atrial myocardium made ischaemic in vivo was slower than has been observed for ventricular myocardium. To explore possible reasons for this, parallel samples of atrial (A) and ventricular (V) myocardium undergoing autolysis (ischaemic necrosis) in vitro at 37 degrees C were studied for up to 2 hours. At 15-minute intervals tissue was snap-frozen for measurement of pH, lactate, and adenine metabolites by HPLC. In half the experiments comparable specimens were taken for electron microscopic examination as well. Fine structural alteration developed less uniformly and more slowly in A than in V. The most striking metabolic differences between A and V were: A had a consistently higher tissue pH and lower lactate level The sum of the adenine + hypoxanthine metabolites was essentially constant but significantly different for each (A = 5.04 +/- 0.12 (s.e.m.), V = 7.71 +/- 0.15 (s.e.m.) mumol/g wet tissue weight) Initial ATP levels were lower (40% less) in A The maximum accumulation of AMP was higher in A, despite its smaller pool of adenine metabolites Both adenosine and inosine showed slower rates of change in A. These results suggest that during early, severe ischaemic injury A and V show differing activities of 5'-nucleotidase.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

At war in the fields of play: current perspectives on the nature and treatment of adolescent chemical dependency.

While the numbers of adolescents entering drug abuse treatment are not increasing dramatically, those entering treatment are getting sicker, according to clinical reports. Adolescents are entering treatment with multiple problems, including severe learning disorders, borderline personality disorders, multiple diagnoses of addiction, mental health and physical problems (including HIV/AIDS), and issues arising from child abuse and incest. A case study in client-therapist interaction is presented, highlighting the concept of the wounded healer. The disease model of addiction is discussed as it applies to adolescents, as is their need for habilitation, not rehabilitation. Current abuse trends and the drugs involved are also discussed. Multiple diagnoses, physiologic disorders, HIV testing and counseling, surgical problems, and maternal/neonatal complications are reviewed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of serum and salivary cotinine measurements by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method as an indicator of exposure to tobacco smoke among smokers and nonsmokers.

Exposure to tobacco smoke, both from active smoking and from passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, can be monitored by measuring cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in a variety of biological sources including blood, urine, and saliva. Previously, a sensitive atmospheric-pressure ionization, tandem mass spectrometric (LC-API-MS-MS) method for cotinine measurements in serum was developed in support of a large, recurrent national epidemiologic investigation. The current study examined the application of this LC-API-MS-MS method to both serum and saliva cotinine measurements in a group of 200 healthy adults, including both smokers and nonsmokers. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum and saliva cotinine concentrations to facilitate the linking of results from epidemiologic studies using salivary cotinine measurements to existing national data based on serum cotinine analyses. The results indicate that a simple, linear relationship can be developed to describe serum and saliva cotinine concentrations in an individual, and the expression describing this relationship can be used to estimate with reasonable accuracy (approximately +/- 10%) the serum cotinine concentration in an individual given his or her salivary cotinine result. It was further confirmed that saliva cotinine samples are generally quite stable during storage after collection, even at ambient temperatures, and this sample matrix appears to be well-suited to the requirements of many epidemiologic investigations.

Adolescent↗