In a simultaneous community and nosocomial (hospital-based) epidemic of keratoconjunctivitis lasting one year, 97 patients had clinical findings characteristic of EKC. Seventy-one percent of the cases were confirmed by laboratory tests including viral isolation, antibody response detected by complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests, or immunofluorescent detection of adenovirus antigen in conjunctival scrapings. The community epidemic was a mixed adenovirus type 19 and type 8 outbreak. The nosocomial outbreak was due primarily to adenovirus type 8 (91%). The epidemiologic data of the nosocomial epidemic were representative of the population involved. The community outbreak was primarily in young individuals between 11 and 40 years of age. The secondary household attack rates were 20% and essentially were equal in both epidemics. The primary mode of spread in the nosocomial outbreak was by contamination of the examiner's fingers. In the community epidemic the mode of spread was believed to be close personal contact in a young and active age group.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumoccal vaccine: a focus for nursing.

Despite licensure and subsequent approval for reimbursement by Medicare for the pneumoccal vaccine nearly a decade ago, immunization of the target group of high risk individuals has been incomplete. Less than 10% of persons for whom the vaccine is recommended have been immunized. Nurses can play a key role in disease prevention and cost-effective medical care by facilitating immunization of those persons needing the pneumococcal vaccine.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoplasma hominis: a review of its role as a respiratory tract pathogen of humans.

Mycoplasma hominis seldom colonizes the human respiratory tract and only rarely causes acute respiratory infection. It can be recovered from the respiratory secretions of 1-3% of healthy persons and of less than or equal to 8% of persons with chronic respiratory disease, but it has not been implicated definitely in the etiology of this disease or in the exacerbations that characterize its course. M. hominis has been isolated from less than or equal to 6% of persons with acute pharyngitis or acute upper respiratory tract illnesses and can induce exudative pharyngitis in susceptible volunteers when administered intranasally and oropharyngeally. Colonization of the respiratory tract by M. hominis occurs in approximately 15% of persons who engage in oral-genital sexual practices, but colonization alone is not necessarily associated with sore throat or other upper respiratory diseases. Although M. hominis has been recovered from adults with pneumonia more often than from controls, a pathogenic role in pneumonia of adults has not been established. Under special conditions, e.g., neonatal pneumonia, M. hominis appears to be pathogenic for the lower respiratory tract. Thus M. hominis probably is only an occasional respiratory pathogen in the adult and a rare "opportunistic" pathogen of the respiratory tract of the neonate.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumococcal infections.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗