Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M A Mukasheva.
Biologic substrates of experimental animals characterize mainly overall metals intake and could serve as criteria for environmental pollution degree.
The article contains results concerning spectral analysis of biologic materials (blood and hair) for heavy metals content. These results helped to reveal health risk factors for workers engaged into chromium ores extraction and for nearby residents.
The study covered heavy metals content of soil at various distances from industrial enterprises. The parameters studied are level of micronuclei in peripheral RBC, frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in WBC of residents. Finding is increased mutation pace induced by mutagens. Soil pollution with heavy metals appeared a risk factor for genetic instability.
Medical examination of workers engaged into digging of manganous ores proved correlation between nitrogen oxide level in expired air and rhinocytogram parameters, revealed sensitivity of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems to polymetallic dust.
Hair and urine metal accumulation was studied in healthy children living in different pollution areas. The levels of biogenic amines, the activity of the enzymes LDH, AP, and cholinesterase were also determined in the exhaled air condensate (EAC) and urine. High accumulation of metals, low EAC levels of biogenic amines, high activity of the urine enzymes were observed in the children residing in high polluted areas. At the same time these changes were less marked in the moderately polluted areas. The revealed changes allow one to select children at risk and to make health-promoting measures.
Field tests (delivery of animals to differently polluted areas having) were carried out. The criterial significance of biochemical and cytochemical tests of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the animals was defined. The biochemical tests revealed significant changes in total protein, cholesterol, phospholipids, phospholipase A, histamine, serotonin, and others, which indicates metabolic dysfunction in BAL. The findings suggest that the lysosomal cell membranes are disorganized and the permeability of cell mitochondrial membranes is impaired. Thus, analyzing the findings makes it possible to identify the key links of damages and to define the true significance of environmental factors in realizing the mechanisms of pulmonary preabnormality.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of polymetallic manganeferous dust on thyroid function in an experiment. Biochemical and cytological studies were used. Seventy-day exposure caused decreased thyroid hormonal levels and thyroid cellular composition changes, which suggest that the dust in question has a cytotoxic effect. A prolonged (3-month) exposure provided evidence that suggests the tension of adaptive mechanisms in the thyroid system under the influence of a toxic factor. Nitric oxide was found to take an active part in the formation of adaptive mechanisms in thyroid tissue.
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