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Biomedical subjects

M A Newman

Publications and source records attributed to M A Newman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

5S rRNA genes in Pisum: sequence, long range and chromosomal organization.

We have employed a combination of techniques to examine the organization of pea 5S rRNA genes. These include the analysis of length variant interspersion patterns in cosmid clones, sequence analysis, Southern analysis of both conventional gels and field inversion gels and in situ hybridization. From these analyses we conclude that the 5S rRNA genes of pea are arranged in three major tandem arrays which are represented by three large EcoRI fragments and that these correspond to the three sites of in situ hybridization in the haploid pea complement.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of pulsed Doppler and thermodilution methods for measuring cardiac output in critically ill patients.

We obtained 145 consecutive cardiac output measurements in 38 critically ill patients, using the invasive thermodilution and the noninvasive pulsed Doppler methods. The mean thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO) was 5.7 +/- 1.87 L/min and the mean pulsed Doppler cardiac output (PDCO) was 5.16 +/- 1.66 L/min. The mean difference between the two measurements was 0.51 L/min with an SD greater than 1.6 L/min, reflecting the scattering of results. The overall correlation coefficient was .58. The intercepts were large and the regression equation some way from the line of equal values (TDCO = 2.28 + 0.66 PDCO). When the results were analyzed according to diagnosis or by group experience, there were some differences in the bias of the estimate; however, the SD of the difference between methods was greater than one liter/min in all groups. Thus, the pulsed Doppler method failed to estimate accurately TDCO in critically ill patients.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1984

Interconversion and comparison of the results of three methods for cholinesterase in serum.

We investigated three methods for determination of cholinesterase (ChE) in human blood sera, using reference sera, sera of known ChE content, and serum variously diluted with deactivated sera. The methods were the Du Pont aca analyzer, the Pfizer "ChE-tel" method, and the Michel method with and without direct reagent-blank correction. With respect to precision and reproducibility the methods ranked: aca greater than Michel method corrected directly for reagent pH changes (Michel) greater than ChE-tel method greater than Michel method corrected indirectly for reagent pH changes. The interrelationships derived, in terms of each method's individual units were: Michel = (0.054 +/- 0.001) aca - (0.043 +/- 0.086), r2 = 0.947 ChE-tel = (4.44 +/- 0.30) aca - (5.11 +/- 0.99), r2 = 0.959 ChE-tel = (80.2 +/- 5.8) Michel + (0.028 +/- 0.240), r2 = 0.947 The ChE-tel method was subject to variations due to the quality of different kits. The aca results were validated by a collaborative laboratory study. Sera of known activity can be used effectively for accurate calibration.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of a commercial exoantigen test system for the rapid identification of systemic fungal pathogens.

Seventy-nine mycelial-form stock cultures of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and morphologically similar fungi were extracted and tested by using commercial macroimmunodiffusion exoantigen test kits and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reference system for identifying fungal isolates. Results showed 100% correlation between the two systems. Specific exoantigens of C. immitis and H. capsulatum extracted from agar slant cultures (slant extraction method) readily were identified. In eight of 26 cultures of B. dermatitidis, broth culture filtrates (broth-shake-flask method) were required to demonstrate the specific bands of identity. No false-negative reactions or cross-reactivity among the pathogens and other fungi were observed. The commercial test kits provided a rapid and specific method for identifying or confirming suspected fungal pathogens.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1982

Near-drowning complicated by brain abscess due to Petriellidium boydii.

Extracutaneous infection from Petriellidium boydii is an unusual occurrence despite the ubiquity of the organism in nature. Central nervous system infection by this organism is extremely rare, only seven previous reports having been found. The rarity of this manifestation prompted the report of a brain abscess occurring in a previously healthy youth after a near-drowning. The source of the infection was likely to have been the river water at the accident site, from which P boydii was isolated. Although previous in vitro susceptibility data and failure of amphotericin B therapy in a similar infection suggested miconazole treatment might be beneficial, the organism causing the brain abscess was resistant to miconazole and amphotericin B. This report emphasizes the urgent need for safer and more predictably effective alternatives to currently available antifungal agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Modification of decision-making behavior of third-year medical students.

Modification of physician behavior has been suggested as one approach to controlling health care expenditures. Third-year students participated in an experimental program which attempted both to construct an educational approach that included aspects of such expenditures and to measure the effectiveness of the approach. Students were divided between experimental and control groups, with the former receiving information relative to the appropriate use and costs of diagnostic procedures. Both groups were presented with case studies dealing with specific disease processes discussed in the program. Members of the experimental group scored significantly better in their ability to determine diagnoses, make patient-management decisions, and choose essential diagnostic procedures. Average charges generated by the experimental student group were half the amount generated by the control group. Future studies will be required to determine whether the behavior modification carries forward in practice and to provide a standardized methodology for use by members of the faculty and house staff in educating future medical students.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward an integrative model of professional practice.

A review of nursing practice demonstrates repeated attempts to focus on direct professional responsibility to clients, but failure to do so consistently in an effective professional model. The cycles of growth of the profession depict the long-standing subordination of nursing to hospital administration and medicine and suggest that nursing is ready to move into an integrative, collaborative stage of development. A trilevel model of professional practice is proposed, based on differentiated roles for graduate, baccalaureate, and associate degree levels of education. An organizational structure that places nursing clinicians directly responsible to clients would facilitate nursing's response to clients' health concerns whenever and wherever they occur.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defense-related gene induction in Brassica campestris in response to defined mutants of Xanthomonas campestris with altered pathogenicity.

We have studied the induction of beta-1,3-glucanase (BGL) in turnip following inoculation with pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris and derived mutants. BGL transcript accumulated more rapidly in leaves in the incompatible interactions with X. c. pv. armoraciae and X. c. pv. raphani than in the compatible interaction with X. c. pv. campestris. No accumulation was seen in response to wounding or inoculation with water, salicylic acid, or Escherichia coli. Deletion of the hrp cluster from the X. campestris pathovars caused a reduction in the level of transcript accumulation; these effects were much more pronounced in the incompatible than in the compatible interaction, in which bacterial growth was also affected. In the compatible interaction, bacterial growth and BGL transcript accumulation were not altered by mutation of bacterial genes involved in the regulation of the synthesis of extracellular enzymes or their export from the cell, or by mutation of the structural genes for extracellular endoglucanase and serine protease. Mutation of genes involved in the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide reduced bacterial survival in planta, so that the numbers were between two and three orders of magnitude lower than the number of wild-type bacteria. However, total BGL transcript accumulation after inoculation with these mutants was about 80% of that seen after inoculation with the wild-type bacteria, suggesting that one aspect of the role of extracellular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide in pathogenesis is to mask the presence of bacteria in the plant. Our results are discussed in the context of work on other plant-microbe interactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗