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Biomedical subjects

M A Ron

Publications and source records attributed to M A Ron.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Volumetric MRI measurements in bipolars compared with schizophrenics and healthy controls.

Twenty-six patients with RDC bipolar disorder were compared with a previously reported group of 48 RDC schizophrenics and 34 healthy controls, using volumetric MRI measurements of cerebral, cortical and sulcal volumes. The bipolar group appeared no different from the controls, and both of these groups had significantly larger cerebral and cortical volumes than the schizophrenics. Our previous report of a significantly reduced cortical volume in the schizophrenic group, with a corresponding increase in the volume of sulcal fluid is, therefore, not a generalized feature of psychotic illness but may be more specific to schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Reduction of cortical volume in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging.

The MRI scans of 48 schizophrenic patients, fulfilling RDC criteria, were compared to those of 34 healthy controls matched for age, ethnicity and parental social class. The volume of the frontal and anterior parietal lobes was significantly reduced in the schizophrenic group as a result of a selective decrease in cortical volume, with a corresponding increase in the volume of sulcal fluid. Reduction in the volume of the temporal grey matter was more marked on the right, but was not in excess of the loss of volume observed in other areas of the cortex. MRI abnormalities correlated poorly with clinical parameters, although both unemployment and poor pre-morbid adjustment predicted reduced cerebral volume and increased sulcal volume. These results question whether the medial temporal lobes are the only site of structural pathology in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis: a cognitive, psychiatric, and MRI follow up study.

There is a dearth of longitudinal studies on psychometric and psychiatric change in multiple sclerosis (MS) particularly on the evolution of these abnormalities early in the disease process. A 4 1/2 year follow up study documenting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), psychometric, and psychiatric abnormalities was undertaken in a group of 48 patients with clinically isolated lesions--for example, optic neuritis--which are frequently the harbinger of MS. At follow up about half the subjects had developed clinically definite MS, with memory deficits becoming apparent. Deficits in attention documented at initial assessment were present but unchanged in those subjects who still had a clinically isolated lesion status. However, after MS was categorised into a relapsing-remitting or chronic progressive course, patients with a chronic progressive course were found to have significantly deteriorated with regard to auditory attention tasks. T1 relaxation times in apparently normal white matter correlated with certain indices of cognitive impairment. In developing a model to explain the pathogenesis of intellectual and emotional change in MS, the interaction of organic, psychological, and social factors needs to be emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatric morbidity in patients with peripheral vestibular disorder: a clinical and neuro-otological study.

This study reports the psychiatric morbidity in 54 patients with objective evidence of peripheral vestibular disorder seen three to five years after their original referral. A third of the patients were free from vestibular symptoms at follow up and a further third had experienced some improvement. Two thirds of the patients had experienced psychiatric symptoms during this period, although only 50% were rated above the cut off point for significant psychiatric disturbance when interviewed. Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and major depression were the commonest psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with classical "labyrinthine" symptoms had a more severe canal paresis than the rest, but the degree of the abnormalities in the neuro-otological tests was unrelated to outcome or to psychiatric morbidity. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between the presence of vestibular symptoms and psychiatric morbidity, which in turn correlated with measures of anxiety, perceived stress and previous psychiatric illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychotic illness in multiple sclerosis. A clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study.

Ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychosis were assessed using the Present State Examination, and matched retrospectively with respect to age, disability, duration of symptoms, and disease type with 10 MS patients without psychosis. Both groups underwent MRI of the brain. There was a trend for the psychotic group to have a higher total lesion score, particularly around the periventricular areas. This reached statistical significance in the areas around the temporal horn. In all cases, neurological symptoms preceded the onset of psychosis. The psychotic group also had a later age of onset of psychosis than psychotic patients without brain disease. These results point to an aetiological association between the pathological process of MS and psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of chlorpromazine and methylprednisolone on NMR relaxation times in the normal cat brain.

This small experimental study describes the effects on the NMR relaxation times in normal cat brain of a 5-day course of high dose methylprednisolone and, separately, a 1-month course of standard dose daily chlorpromazine. Methylprednisolone had no influence on T1 or T2 in these tissues, but chlorpromazine produced a transient fall of T1 of thalamus, and rise in T2 of white matter: both normalize after 4 weeks. The mechanism of these changes is unknown. It is concluded that these drugs should not interfere with the quantitative MRI monitoring of brain abnormalities in patients receiving them, although the unlikely occurrence of longer term effects of chlorpromazine has not been excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sources of T1 variance in normal human white matter.

The major factors contributing to T1 variance at 0.5 T in white matter were studied in healthy people. Anatomical location of the white matter sampled and differences between individuals contributed 74% of the total variance in serial measurements of the same subjects. There was also significant change over time within an individual subject that could not be attributed to machine drift. This information permitted estimates to be made concerning adequate sample size in future studies that examine for pathological white matter T1 change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cognitive abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a psychometric and MRI study.

This study reports the cognitive abnormalities of a group of 58 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). The psychometric functions measured were: 'IQ deficit', verbal and visual memory, abstracting ability, visual and auditory attention and naming ability. The presence of brain pathology was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A group of 46 physically disabled controls without significant brain disease was used for comparison. Normative MRI data were obtained from a group of 40 normal volunteers. The psychometric performance of the MS group was compared to the previously reported findings in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. MS patients had widespread cognitive deficits sparing naming ability and affecting verbal memory less severely than other intellectual functions. The overall performance on psychometric tests was related to the severity of the MRI abnormalities and to the duration of the illness, but was not significantly influenced by the presence of psychiatric morbidity or the degree of physical disability. Patients with clinically isolated syndromes occupied an intermediate position between MS patients and disabled controls in terms of cognitive and MRI abnormalities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

MRI in schizophrenia: basal ganglia and white matter T1 times.

The T1 relaxation time of the basal ganglia (putamen, globus pallidus and head of caudate) and of the frontoparietal centrum semiovale was compared between 49 schizophrenic patients and 36 healthy controls. Previous reports of increased T1 time in the basal ganglia were not confirmed, and group differences were not detected within the white matter. Within patients T1 values could not be related to tardive dyskinesia or other clinical features. Normal variation seen in basal ganglia T1 times is described for the first time: lowest values occur in the globus pallidus and highest in the caudate, and values within the putamen increase rostrally.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychosis associated with demonstrable brain disease.

Sixty-five psychotic patients with unequivocal evidence of brain pathology and a variety of neurological disorders were assessed with respect to phenomenology and outcome. No relationship was found between site of brain pathology and type of psychotic disorder. A majority of patients had a syndrome indistinguishable from schizophrenia without coarse brain involvement and shared similar variables predicting outcome of psychosis, thus raising important issues concerning their nosological status.

Adolescent↗