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Biomedical subjects

M A Sandler

Publications and source records attributed to M A Sandler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Abdominal lymphadenopathy in benign diseases: CT detection.

A review of 2,100 consecutive computed tomographic (CT) examinations yielded 160 cases of abdominal lymphadenopathy, of which nine (6%) were secondary to benign diseases. Contrary to previous reports, size, location, contour, density, relationship to the aorta, and presence of mass effect were not helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant lymphadenopathy. In some cases, ancillary CT findings, conventional radiographs, and clinical setting may suggest a specific benign entity. Benign processes should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal lymphadenopathy in the appropriate clinical setting, particularly if the patient does not have a known carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Abdominal lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis.

Medical records of 370 patients with sarcoidosis were reviewed. Of these, 32 had a computerized tomographic (CT) and/or ultrasound (US) examination of the abdomen. Two patients had extensive abdominal adenopathy: one was diagnosed by CT and the other by US. Both patients had conventional chest radiographic findings characteristic of sarcoidosis. In addition, five patients had hepatosplenomegaly; three had only hepatomegaly; three had only splenomegaly. There exists a small and previously unsuspected incidence of patients with extensive abdominal adenopathy in sarcoidosis. Although lymphoma and metastatic disease are far more common causes of extensive abdominal lymphadenopathy, sarcoidosis should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. In many cases, correlation with conventional chest radiographs may be confirmatory.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

True idiopathic splenomegaly--a distinct clinical entity.

10 asymptomatic young male patients with moderate splenomegaly detected at a routine examination are presented. The history and clinical examination failed to reveal the aetiology of the splenomegaly. Further investigations, including screening for blood dyscrasias, clotting abnormalities and reticuloendothelial abnormalities were likewise unrevealing. Liver biopsies, rectal biopsies for bilharzia and bone marrow aspirates for Gaucher's Disease were found to be normal. Serology for malaria and Ebstein Barr Virus infection was also negative. Positive immunofluorescent tests for IgG antibodies specific for cytomegalovirus were found in 5 patients. We consider that these patients have splenomegaly which is not of a specific nature, but may be associated with a severe antigeneic response to the previous cytomegalovirus infection. In view of the otherwise negative findings these patients should be considered to have 'True Idiopathic Splenomegaly', a term which would indicate the benign nature of the splenic enlargement. This diagnosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic patients who have splenomegaly of undetermined origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computed-tomographic and conventional linear-tomographic evaluation of tracheobronchial lesions for laser photoresection.

Laser therapy is a new modality for treatment of airway lesions. We examined 18 patients prior to laser photoresection of tracheobronchial lesions. Thirteen had cancers involving the distal trachea, carina, and/or proximal bronchi; five had benign lesions of the middle or proximal trachea. Each patient was examined by conventional linear tomography (CLT) and computed tomography (CT). CT was valuable in patients who had lesions of the distal trachea, carina, and/or proximal bronchi. Its particular usefulness, and its advantage relative to CLT, consisted in its ability to delineate vascular structures adjacent to the planned area of photoresection. Neither CLT nor CT was helpful in evaluation of benign lesions of the proximal trachea.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Chronic pancreatitis: ultrasonic features.

A retrospective analysis of 84 ultrasound examinations (in 77 patients) was performed to assess the frequency of sonographic findings in chronic pancreatitis. The findings included: inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in 53% of these examinations, focal or diffuse enlargement in 41%, focal dense echoes in 40%, pseudocyst formation in 21%, and a hypoechoic head mass in 7%. Thirteen per cent of our patients had a normal sonogram. Several presentations of chronic pancreatitis not previously described in the sonographic literature included: pancreatic or common bile duct enlargement or pseudocyst formation with otherwise normal-appearing glands. There was no direct relationship between the presence of focal high-intensity echoes within the pancreatic parenchyma and the presence of radiographic calcification. There was no difference in the frequency of ultrasonic abnormalities between patients with and without clinical evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. These results indicate that the sonographic findings in chronic pancreatitis are significantly more varied than previous reports would indicate.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

T1N0M0 bronchogenic carcinoma: assessment by CT.

We reviewed medical records and conventional chest radiographs that showed a solitary T1N0M0 nodule in 23 patients who had non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. No patient had evidence of metastases, either on the chest radiograph or clinically. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) examination of the thorax, including the adrenal glands. Only one patient (4%) had mediastinal lymph nodes greater than 1 cm in diameter accessible to mediastinotomy; anterior mediastinotomy confirmed metastatic spread in this patient, which precluded curative resection. Three patients each had a mildly enlarged (2 cm or less) adrenal gland; however, follow-up study suggested that metastasis was not the cause of adrenal enlargement in these patients. This study reinforces concern over whether CT is warranted in the preoperative assessment of T1N0M0 bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Inflammatory lesions of the groin: ultrasonic evaluation.

Sonograms of 72 patients with pain and swelling in the groin due to intravenous drug abuse were reviewed, together with 2 cases which were due to trauma. There were 27 abscesses, 36 cases of cellulitis or thrombophlebitis, 7 cases of lymphadenopathy, 3 hematomas, and 1 pseudoaneurysm. Most abscesses presented as distinct masses, while cellulitis was seen most often as soft-tissue swelling. However, 5 abscesses were manifested sonographically as diffuse soft-tissue swelling without a distinct mass, while 8 cases of cellulitis appeared as a mass. In most cases, ultrasound was able to distinguish diseases requiring surgery or percutaneous drainage from those that should respond to medical therapy. In some cases, percutaneous aspiration and/or follow-up sonograms after antibiotic therapy will be necessary for a specific diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomographic findings in penetrating peptic ulcer.

Four cases of peptic ulcer penetrating the head of the pancreas were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). Findings common to 3 cases included (a) an ulcer crater, (b) a sinus tract, and (c) enlargement of the head of the pancreas. Additional findings, not seen in all patients, included (d) edema involving the base of the ulcer and/or the adjacent bowel wall and (e) loss of fascial planes between the base of the ulcer and the head of the pancreas. Unlike other modalities, the inherent spatial resolution of CT allows a confident diagnosis of this important complication of peptic ulcer disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic evaluation of experimental acute renal arterial occlusion in dogs.

Eleven segmental and eight total renal artery occlusions were evaluated by sonography in transplanted kidneys of 19 adult mongrel dogs. The segmental occlusions were serially scanned daily or every other day for up to 35 days. The total occlusions were scanned daily for up to 10 days. Each occlusion was confirmed angiographically, and kidneys were examined pathologically. Acute segmental renal artery occlusion produces a sequence of sonographic changes, beginning with a focal hypoechoic mass at 24 hr, which stays unchanged for 5-7 days. At 7 days, internal echoes appear, and the infarct slowly consolidates to an echogenic, slightly depressed focus at 17 days. Total renal artery occlusion produced no appreciable change in cortical echogenicity and only slight increase in size. Acute segmental renal infarction can be detected early in its course and demonstrates a sequence of changes that may aid in dating the infarct. Total renal infarction may appear normal sonographically, and further studies are needed to confirm that diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic features of parovarian cysts and their complications.

Parovarian cysts have received virtually no attention in the sonography literature, despite a common occurrence, constituting 10%-20% of adnexal tumorlike conditions in pathologic series. The sonographic features of 11 parovarian cysts, including a number with complications, are reported. Six uncomplicated lesions had the appearance of simple cysts found in other organs. One cyst had ruptured, and one lesion was associated with ipsilateral tubal torsion. Two cysts had echogenic areas representing blood clot. One cyst had a triangular papillation representing the development of a serous cystadenofibroma in its wall. This experience differs from previous reports in that there was increased incidence of preoperative recognition of an adnexal mass clinically, lack of identification of a fallopian tube exiting from the lateral aspect of the parovarian cyst and identification of complications sonographically, and the smaller average size of lesions, both clinically and sonographically. Parovarian cysts and their complications should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic adnexal masses.

Adult↗