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M A Sandoval

Publications and source records attributed to M A Sandoval.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Analysis of immune lesions in neurocysticercosis patients: central nervous system response to helminth appears Th1-like instead of Th2.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by the helminth Taenia solium is the most common parasitic infection of the human central nervous system (CNS) worldwide. Because clinical symptoms are associated with localized immunological responses in the brain, characterization of these responses are pivotal for understanding the pathogenesis of cysticercosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain specimens from several patients with cysticercosis revealed at least four types of immune responses, including: (i) an antibody response (IgM + plasma cells), (ii) a predominant NK response, (iii) an infiltrate with abundant macrophages and granulocytes, and (iv) an intense infiltrate with a predominance of macrophages and T cells. The intensity and type of immunity appeared to be associated somewhat with the parasite's viability and anatomical location. In most of the lesions, cell mediated responses were evident and proinflammatory cytokines including IL12 predominated. Moreover, IL4 was undetectable in the immune infiltrates. Thus, the CNS response to this helminth, unlike the systemic response, is predominately Th1-like.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunodiagnosis of human and porcine cysticercosis. Detection of antibodies and parasite products.

In this paper we report the immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis by the detection of antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients, by standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which gave 90% sensitivity. We are also showing the results obtained with a double homologous polyclonal or monoclonal antibody based EIA that detects parasite products: we analysed CSF of patients and obtained sensitivities ranging from 14% to 75% for single antibody systems and 90% when analysing the samples with two or three systems simultaneously. The sera of infected pigs were also evaluated; with one monoclonal antibody we could detect 79% of positive samples. The good results obtained encourage the standardization and improvement of the technique for diagnostic as well as for epidemiologic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the humoral immune response in patients with neurocysticercosis and its application in immunodiagnosis.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was standardized for the search for specific antibodies in human neurocysticercosis. A crude cysticercal extract and two partially purified antigenic fractions were used, as well as serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of different groups of subjects. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected in serum and CSF, with a sensitivity of 85 and 90%, respectively. Specificity was 96% with a partially purified antigen and 100% with the crude cysticercal extract. IgM and IgA antibodies were detected less frequently, and IgE was detected only occasionally, both in serum and CSF. Analysis of serum and CSF samples drawn from the same patient did not always reveal the presence of anticysticercus antibodies in both samples. A significant correlation was found between the presence or absence of IgG antibodies in the CSF and the morphological appearance of the parasite (undamaged or calcified). Variations in the humoral response were not found to correlate with clinical and laboratory findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acute cysticercosis encephalitis: description of a histologically confirmed case.

Computed tomography (CT) has permitted the recognition of a previously unknown phase of cerebral cysticercosis, which has been misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as pseudotumor cerebri or nonspecific intracranial hypertension. It consists of an acute encephalitis with or without neurological localization symptoms. CT shows multiple zones of a ruptured hematoencephalic barrier surrounding a hypodense lesion, which is the parasite. This form of neurocysticercosis is more frequent in younger people. Patients who survive may (a) develop cerebral calcification, (b) have lesions that disappear spontaneously, or (c) develop parenchymatous cerebral cysticercosis. The latter is the most infrequent.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human neurocysticercosis: comparison of enzyme immunoassay capture techniques based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite products in cerebrospinal fluid.

Current diagnosis of neurocysticercosis relies mostly on computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance, with detection of antibodies being confirmatory rather than decisive. An assay which detects parasite products in cerebrospinal fluid would conclusively demonstrate a current infection and could be important when decisions regarding treatment must be made. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurocysticercosis was used in 4 enzyme immunoassay capture tests designed to detect parasite products. Of the systems tested, one, based on the use of a monoclonal antibody reactive with a surface and secretion component of the metacestode, was particularly promising, giving a sensitivity of 72%. The assay has the double advantage of a very low background and a proved specificity for the products of living cysticerci. The other 3 systems (monoclonal anti-vesicular fluid antibody, polyclonal antibody against a saline extract and polyclonal anti-antigen B antibody) were less sensitive. Results with the anti-antigen B system support the proposal that products of low immunogenicity are the most appropriate targets for the serological detection of the parasite.

Adult↗