Childhood enuresis: etiology, assessment, and current behavioral treatment.
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Behavior Therapy↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Scott
Publications and source records attributed to M A Scott.
Intracellular organisms in peripheral blood in a case of meningococcal septicaemia.
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Adult↗
Stability and anchorage considerations for cementless tibial components.
The ability of several idealized tibial anchorage systems to resist distractive relative motion between the substrate and the component when subjected to eccentric loads was assessed using mechanical tests employing a urethane foam as a bone substitute and finite element models. Eccentric loads had to be placed within 30-35% of the edge of the tibial plate for separation to occur between an unanchored plate and the substrate. The finite element model predicted that a 90%/10% medial/lateral load distribution was required to maintain compressive vertical stresses beneath the unanchored plate. An anchorage system with four pegs each 10 mm in diameter and 20 mm long and an anchorage system with four cancellous bone screws each 6.5 mm in diameter were loaded eccentrically, and both systems prevented distraction of greater than 76 microns when mounted on urethane foam. Shorter pegs (10 mm) or a single central peg allowed distractions of 150 microns or greater to occur. These data are relevant to the design and testing of tibial components for total knee arthroplasty.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Bacterial skin infections.
This article discusses the more common dermatoses caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Included are diseases caused by the organism directly and those caused by exotoxins elaborated by the organisms. Current concepts of pathogenesis and treatment are presented.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Benign cutaneous neoplasms.
Benign tumors are sometimes mistaken for neoplasms, so this article describes common benign skin lesions that usually require no treatment other than reassurance. If treatment is requested, modalities available are discussed with associated side-effects.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Analysis of the pull-out strength of screws and pegs used to secure tibial components following total knee arthroplasty.
The purpose of this study was to compare the pull-out forces of 3.8-mm and 6.5-mm diameter cancellous screws and a round peg 10 mm in diameter, implanted in bovine vertebral cancellous bone and two different grades of polyurethane. The relationships between the pull-out forces and the properties of the material into which they were inserted were also examined. For the same depth of insertion, the pull-out force of a 6.5-mm diameter screw was two times larger than that of a 3.8-mm diameter screw. Despite its smaller diameter, a 6.5-mm diameter screw demonstrated a pull-out force 13.6% greater than that of an optimally press-fitted 10-mm diameter round peg when both were inserted to the same depth; however, optimal compression for the peg was strongly dependent upon the size of predrilling and the modulus of elasticity of the material into which the peg was inserted. The pull-out force of a cancellous screw has a linear relationship with the shear strength of the material into which it is inserted. The pull-out force of a peg exhibits a linear relationship with the modulus of elasticity of the material into which it is inserted.
Animals↗
Admission thyroid function testing in elderly patients.
The free thyroxine index (FTI) was measured in 307 elderly patients admitted to two geriatric units. The initial FTI was abnormal in 41 (13.3%), being raised in 27 and low in 14 patients. On further testing, these abnormalities were found to be either transient or of no clinical significance in 36 of the 41 patients (88%). Only five of the 307 patients (1.6%) were finally treated for previously undiagnosed thyroid disease and of these three improved (1%). Thyroid disease identified by routine screening, and not suspected from the history and clinical findings, was present in only two patients (0.7%). In view of these findings we suggest that thyroid screening is no more justified in the elderly than in younger hospitalised patients.
Aged↗
Lichenoid benign keratosis.
One hundred thirty-eight patients who presented with solitary cutaneous lesions appearing clinically as papules or plaques and histologically showing a lichenoid tissue reaction were studied. Many of the lesions occurred in sites not usually exposed to sunlight and histologically the lesions did not show significant atypical change in keratinocytes and many did not show evidence of solar elastosis in the superficial corium. Our study indicates that the lesions are benign keratoses showing a lichenoid tissue reaction or lichenoid benign keratoses.
Adolescent↗
Acquired cutis laxa associated with multiple myeloma.
Acquired cutis laxa, or generalized elastolysis, is a rare disease. One patient was found to have not only cutis laxa but also multiple myeloma.
Adult↗
Total syntheses of optically active 19-norsteroids. (+)-Estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and (+)13 beta-ethylgon-4-ene-3,17-dione.
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Estrenes↗
An evaluation of several blood transfusion filters.
Several blood transfusion filters designed to remove microemboli were evaluated for filtration and flow characteristics, as well as for hemolysis and for release of particulate debris from the filter. The Dacron wool filter, a depth filter, was superior at removing microemboli measured with an electronic particle size analyzer. A 25 micrometer pore mesh filter was least effective at removing microemboli from stored blood, but demonstrated the most favorable flow rates and induced no apparent red blood cell destruction during filtration. In general, filter efficiency and filter induced hemolysis correlated inversely with flow rate. No filter tested released significant quantities of particulate debris when compared with unfiltered isotonic saline.
Blood Transfusion↗
Trends in mortality from uterine cancer in relation to mass screening.
Mortality rates from cancer of the cervix uteri, as well as for all uterine cancer, have shown a remarkable decrease in recent years in Louisville, Kentucky. For women ages 30-39 the decrease was 70.8 per cent, and for ages 50-59, 69 per cent. No change in rates was noted for women ages 70 years and over. These changes correlate well with the success of recruitment for screening of women according to age. The high degree of success in screening the low socioeconomic quartile is thought to be of prime importance. The average annual age adjusted mortality for uterine cancer other than cervix also fell impressively. In contrast to Louisville, mortality from cervical cancer in England and Wales, with the exception of the younger age group, has remained fairly constant over the past decade. Denmark showed no mortality decline between 1961 and 1971. Like England and Wales and unlike Louisville, screening there had not achieved high population coverage and the screening as does exist was not commenced as early.
Adult↗