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Biomedical subjects

M A Seedat

Publications and source records attributed to M A Seedat.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

HLA antigens and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in young South African Indians.

HLA, A, B and C antigens were determined in 84 South African Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in whom age of onset was under 35 years and in 760 healthy Indian controls. Increased frequencies of Aw24, B15 and Bw61 were seen in the patients, but the corrected P value was not significant. Among Indians of North Indian origin, however, there was a significant association between B15 and NIDDM (corrected P less than 0,012; relative risk 4,8). In Indians of South Indian origin no clear association with any specific HLA antigens was seen, although there was a slight increase in the frequency of Aw24 (uncorrected P less than 0,007; corrected P greater than 0,05). The findings in this study serve to emphasize the heterogeneity of diabetes mellitus, since no association between NIDDM and HLA antigens has been noted in whites.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Biosocial factors and hypertension in urban and rural Zulus.

A study of 1,000 urban and 1,000 rural Zulus was carried out to determine the biosocial factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 25% in the urban Zulu (males 23%, females 27%) and 10.5% in the rural Zulu (males 10%, females 10.75%). The mean arterial pressure was higher in the urban Zulu than in the rural Zulu at all ages and for both sexes (greater in females than in males). In both the urban and the rural Zulu the following factors were found to be significantly associated with hypertension: age, sex, obesity, marital status, urbanization and number of dependents. In the urban Zulu other parameters absent in the rural Zulu were associated with hypertension: insomnia due to anxiety, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, conditions of work, educational status, income, number of children not working, lack of recreation or sport activity, and overcrowding. Likewise, in the rural Zulu other parameters absent in the urban Zulu were associated with hypertension: having a family member with hypertension and the educational status of the children. There was a relationship between hypertension and social variables which were observed to be stressful. Unlike the rural Zulu, the urban Zulu is exposed to a different lifestyle, acculturation, detribalization and various political ideologies. This could explain the difference in the prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural Zulus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of hypertension in the urban and rural Zulu.

In a house-to-house study of 994 urban Zulus the prevalence of hypertension according to WHO criteria was 25% (23% men, 27% women). In a rural Zulu study of 987 the prevalence age corrected to the urban distribution was 9.4% (8.7% men, 10% women). Thus there was a pronounced difference between the prevalence of hypertension in the urban and rural Zulu (p less than 0.0005). There was an earlier onset of hypertension in the urban compared with the rural Zulu. Contrasting biosocial factors in the urban and rural Zulu could explain the differences in prevalence. Our study suggests that hypertension is not a major health problem in rural Zulus. Large-scale case finding and intervention programmes should be confined to the urban black population of South Africa.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The prevalence of hypertension in urban whites.

In a random house-to-house study of 1006 Whites the prevalence of primary hypertension according to World Health Organization criteria was 22,76% (25,6% of males, 20% of females). This is lower than the prevalence in our study of urban Zulus and higher than that in our study of urban Indians. The study also revealed that the prevalence of hypertension was higher than in Whites in the USA. The prevalence in males aged under 40 years was twice that in females of the same age. Blood pressure rose with age, and there was a greater rise in systolic than in diastolic blood pressure. The rise was more marked in males over the age of 40 years and in females over the age of 60 years. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in the male urban Whites than in males in our Zulu and Indian studies and lower than in females in our Zulu and Indian studies. The high prevalence of diastolic blood pressures of 105 mmHg or more, together with the high prevalence of hypertension in White male subjects aged under 40 years, could be an important factor in the aetiology of ischaemic heart disease in White males in the 25-34-year age greup. In our White study only 23% of the hypertensive subjects were on therapy. More effective screening and therapeutic programmes should therefore be initiated in the White population because of the high prevalence of hypertension which may lead to complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The prevalence of hypertension in the Indian population of Durban.

In a random house-to-house study of 1 000 Indians the prevalence of essential hypertension according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria was 19% (females 22%; males 15%). The study revealed that the prevalence of hypertension was higher than in published data from India. Ethnicity in our study caused a significant variation in prevalence. Prevalence was lower than in our urban Zulu study. Blood pressure rose with age, but there was a greater rise in systolic than in diastolic blood pressure. Prevalence in males and females under 40 years were equal. There was an association between hypertension and diabetes mellitus. More effective screening and therapeutic programmes should be initiated in the Indian population because of the high prevalence of hypertension which may lead to complications if untreated, and because 58% of the hypertensive subjects were untreated or had discontinued therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The prevalence of hypertension in the urban Zulu.

In a random house-to-house study of 18000 urban Zulus the overall prevalence of essential hypertension was %25 (female 27%; males 23%). Women between the ages of 35 and 40 years had a higher prevalence than men. The mean arterial pressure according to age and sex was not as high as in the American Negro, West Indian or Nigerian, but certainly higher than in most Caucasian populations. The mean arterial pressure rose with age, showing a greater rise in systolic than in diastolic blood pressure. More effective screening and therapeutic programmes should be initiated in Blacks, since this study showed that 90% of the subjects who had hypertension were undiagnosed, undetected or inadequately treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Prazosin alone and combined with a thiazide diuretic in the treatment of hypertension.

We conducted an uncontrolled study of the efficacy of prazosin in the treatment of hypertension in 45 patients. In 25 patients only prazosin was used and in 20 patients prazosin was combined with a thiazide diuretic. Control of blood pressure was obtained in 22 of the 25 patients (88%) on prazosin alone, and in all the patients on the combined treatment. Adverse effects occurred in 15 of 25 patients (60%) on prazosin alone, and in 13 of the 20 patients (65%) on combined treatment. However, in 18 patients (40%) adverse effects disappeared or were tolerated with continued therapy. In 10 patients (22%) therapy was stopped because of the adverse effects. The median dose of prazosin was 5,73 mg twice a day. Prazosin is a useful alternative to hydralazine in the treatment of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prazosin combined with thiazide diuretic and beta-blocker in the treatment of hypertension.

In a study of 10 patients suffering from hypertension the results showed that combination treatment with prazosin, cyclopenthiazide and a beta-blocker produced a significant fall in blood pressure. Side-effects such as palpitations, headache, syncope and drowsiness which may occur with prazosin alone were obviated by combining prazosin with a beta-blocker.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaginal infections in diabetic women: is empiric antifungal therapy appropriate?

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is reported to predispose women to vaginal candidiasis and hence patients attending busy diabetic clinics are often treated empirically with antifungal agents for genital symptoms. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To investigate the etiology of vaginal infections in diabetic women and to determine appropriateness of empiric antifungal therapy for symptomatic women. DESIGN: Prospective study performed on consecutive patients attending two diabetic clinics. SETTING: Diabetic clinics serving developing communities belonging to two ethnic groups. STUDY POPULATION: Two hundred and one women (101 African and 100 Indian) comprising 90 women with symptoms of pruritus vulvae and/or vaginal discharge and 111 asymptomatic women. RESULTS: Candidiasis (50% vs. 24%; P = 0.012) and bacterial vaginosis (28% vs. 8%; P = 0.017) occurred significantly more frequently in symptomatic African women compared to asymptomatic African women. Among Indian women bacterial vaginosis (28% vs. 5%; P = 0.026) occurred more frequently in symptomatic women. The prevalence of trichomoniasis was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic women of both ethnic groups. Mixed vaginal infections were detected significantly more often in African compared to Indian women (24% vs. 5%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In diabetic women with genital symptoms, an attempt at diagnosis should be made prior to commencement of therapy. However, in busy clinics with overstressed facilities where investigations cannot be performed, the use of empiric antifungal therapy alone is not appropriate and consideration should be given to the use of an antifungal plus a nitroimidazole agent which would be effective for both trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis.

Adolescent↗