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Biomedical subjects

M A South

Publications and source records attributed to M A South.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of physical stress on complete blood count and venous blood gas profile of individuals with sickle cell trait.

The association between sickle cell trait (SCT) and adverse effects of exercise has been controversial. While individuals with SCT are at higher risk of sudden death, the mechanism for this outcome remains to be elucidated. In order to shed light on this controversy, we have monitored venous blood count and blood gas parameter values in normal and SCT subjects during treadmill exercise. White and red blood cell counts and hemoglobin changed significantly over time in both the SCT and normal groups, with peak exercise values different from pre-exercise or post-exercise values. Red blood cell counts showed significant group-time interaction; increase in count during exercise was accentuated in SCT subjects. All blood gas parameters showed significant changes over time in both groups. O2 content was significantly higher in SCT than AA at all time intervals. O2 saturation, pO2 and CO binding to hemoglobin showed significant group-time interaction. Furthermore, O2 saturation for the combined groups was significantly greater at peak exercise and at rest than before exercise. It is possible that treadmill exercise causes microvascular shunting in SCT subjects, leading to a decrease in the peripheral utilization of oxygen.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sickle cell disease with complicated influenza B virus infection.

The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Center for Disease Control for many years have recommended the routine use of influenza vaccine in various hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease. This recommendation, however, has not been included in the patient care protocols of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program of NIHLB. Most clinicians have not used yearly influenza vaccine for their patients with sickle cell disease. This article reports a case of a 5-year-old boy with sickle cell disease who had not received influenza vaccine. He developed pneumonitis and acute myositis during a serologically confirmed influenza B virus infection. The incapacitating and protracted course of his illness presented diagnostic and management problems. His case strongly supports the recommendation of the two infectious disease committees.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Maternal rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome.

The major goal of rubella immunization is the prevention of the congenital rubella syndrome. As many as 20 per cent of women in the reproductive age group in the United States continue to be susceptible to rubella despite the immunization programs currently in place. Intensified efforts are therefore needed to identify persons at risk for infection and to vaccinate them. Women who develop a rubella-like illness during pregnancy should have the diagnosis confirmed serologically because a diagnosis based on clinical criteria alone is unreliable and because of the serious implications of gestational rubella infection. The rubella virus can infect the fetus at any stage of pregnancy, but defects are rarely noted when this occurs after the 16th week of gestation. The most common abnormalities in the congenital rubella syndrome are hearing loss, mental retardation, cardiac malformations, and eye defects. Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, glaucoma, and other delayed manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome are common, thereby necessitating long-term followup of these patients. The detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies in fetal blood is helpful in establishing the diagnosis prenatally and can aid in the management of pregnancies complicated by this infection. Susceptible women identified through screening during pregnancy should be immunized in the immediate postpartum or postabortion period. Although the live, attenuated rubella vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy, pregnant women who are inadvertently immunized are not candidates for pregnancy termination because no defects consistent with congenital rubella have been reported to date in the offspring of other similarly vaccinated women.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Secretory component: a glandular epithelial cell marker.

Secretory component (SC) has been demonstrated to be produced by both normal and malignantly transformed glandular epithelial cells. By an indirect immunofluorescent technique, this study surveys tumors of varied cellular origin in order to determine the reliability of SC as a marker for tumor cells derived from glandular epithelium. Both primary and metastatic tumors of glandular epithelial origin demonstrated SC fluorescence, while nonglandular epithelial tumors did not. This observation was extended to live single-cell preparations, which demonstrated intense cell-surface fluorescence only when glandular epithelial tumors cells were examined. Additionally, fixed, cytocentrifuged, single-cell preparations of glandular epithelial tumors demonstrated cytoplasmic SC fluorescence. When breast carcinoma was examined, all cases demonstrated SC, regardless of the degree of differentiation. This assay appears to have useful clinical application in that the finding of SC provides indication of the glandular epithelial origin of a malignantly transformed cell.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Prospective study of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

The overall incidence of neonates with urinary cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion was 0.9% of 954 tested. The incidence was twice as high in the lower as in the upper socioeconomic group (SEG). Mothers of infants with CMV infection in the lower SEG reported a greater number of chronic and gestational medical problems and showed a lower mean age than mothers of CMV-infected infants in the upper SEG. The mean age of mothers of CMV-infected infants was not significantly different from the respective control group in either upper or lower SEG. There was no impairment of immune responses in nine prospective or in two referred cases. Although eight of nine prospective cases might have been considered asymptomatic at birth, careful evaluation in the neonatal period showed significant growth inhibition in five, specific clinical changes in seven, and nonspecific clinical changes in all of the nine infants. Thus, "asymptomatic" neonates may demonstrate effects of the infection during the neonatal period.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal immunoglobulins in severe combined immunodeficiency: analysis by immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The plasma immunoglobulins of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency were studied by immunoelectrophoresis and, following isolation by affinity chromatography, by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoglobulins in plasma from the eight patients studied were immunoelectrophoretically abnormal. Although certain of the immunoglobulins in plasma from five patients could not be identified antigenically, all possessed two mu determinant-bearing proteins with abnormally fast electrophoretic mobilities. Molecular analysis of immunoglobulins of three of these patients revealed two mu heavy chains of abnormally low molecular weight which lacked the ability to polymerize into the pentameric structure of IgM. The failure of concanavalin A to precipitate these molecules suggests that they lack the carbohydrate moiety of normal IgM. Using these techniques, we documented the acquisition of normal IgM synthesis by a patient grafted with maternal leukocytes and the partial immunologic development of a child maintained under gnotobiotic conditions. In the latter patient, between the age of 1 and 4 years, an abnormal mu component disappeared from plasma and normal IgM appeared.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1978

A longitudinal study of T and B lymphocytes from a three-year-old patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in 'gnotobiotic protection'.

Fluctuations in the percentages and absolute numbers of T and B lymphocytes were observed in the peripheral blood of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency maintained in a gnotobiotic environment. Up to 24 months of age, 72-86% of the lymphocytes had surface membrane immunoglobulin (SMIg), 37-47% bore a receptor for C3(EAC-RFC), and 3-12.5% formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E-RFC). These values persisted until 30 months, after which shifts in the percentages and absolute numbers of T and B cells were observed. A significant decrease in the proportion of SMIg-bearing cells to 20-40% (169-405 mm3), and EAC-RFC to 10.5-39% (114-259 mm3), was accompanied by a general increase in the proportion of T cells to 19-60% (141-1026 mm3), representing a lymphoid subpopulation approach to normal levels.

B-Lymphocytes↗