[Molecular differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae of Entamoeba histolytica].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Vargas
Publications and source records attributed to M A Vargas.
Pyroglutamyl peptidase II inhibition specifically increases recovery of TRH released from rat brain slices.
Pyroglutamyl peptidase II (EC 3.4.19-) is a highly specific membrane-bound thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) degrading enzyme. To study the functional significance of pyroglutamyl peptidase II in TRH degradation, we synthesized the reversible inhibitor N-1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl (Nimbenzyl)-histidyl-beta-naphthylamide (CPHNA). CPHNA inhibited the enzyme with a Ki of 8 microM, but had no effect no TRH receptors or no prolyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26). It weakly inhibited cytosolic pyroglutamyl peptidase I (EC 3.4.19.3). CPHNA at a concentration of 10(-4) M increased both the basal and potassium stimulated recovery of TRH released from hypothalamic slices by approximately two-fold. An even higher recovery was observed in slices from brain regions with relatively high levels of pyroglutamyl peptidase II. CPHNA had no effect on the basal recovery of gamma-aminobutyric acid or Met-enkephalin released from brain slices but decreased the potassium stimulated recovery of both Metenkephalin and gamma-aminobutyric acid. These data further support the involvement of pyroglutamyl peptidase II in the extracellular inactivation of brain TRH.
Aminopeptidases↗
[Non-obstetric abdominal surgery in pregnancy].
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Abdomen, Acute↗
[Characterization of the ribosomal proteins of Entamoeba histolytica].
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Animals↗
Simple procedure for measuring total protein in urine.
We describe a procedure for measuring total protein in urine. The method is simple, sensitive, and free of interference from drugs that are known to affect other commonly used methods. The CV for a 1.1 g/liter urine control in daily, routine use is 4.6%. The procedure involves adsorbing the protein onto cellulose powder, binding of Ponceau S dye by the protein, washing away excess dye, and eluting the bound dye into dilute NaOH for colorimetry. Comparison of results by this method with those by the biuret and turbidimetric procedures showed good agreement in those cases where the specimens were suitable for assay by the comparison methods.
Biuret Reaction↗
Practical variations in the use of the deltopectoral flap.
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Adolescent↗
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood.
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Angiography↗
Regional distribution of in vitro release of thyrotropin releasing hormone in rat brain.
To increase our knowledge of the TRH functions in brain and the processes of TRH compartmentalization and release, we studied the in vitro release of endogenous TRH in different brain areas. We also determined the correlation between TRH levels and release under both basal and stimulated conditions. TRH concentration was measured in tissues and media by specific radioimmunoassay. TRH-like material detected in olfactory bulb and hypothalamic incubates (basal or K+ stimulated) were shown to be chromatographically identical to synthetic TRH. Different brain regions showed high variability in the basal release of TRH (1-20% of tissue content). This suggests the existence of different pools. The response to depolarizing stimulus (56 mM K+) was significant only in the following regions: median eminence, total hypothalamus, preoptic area, nucleus accumbens-lateral septum, amygdala, mesencephalon, medulla oblongata and the cervical region of the spinal cord. These regions have been shown to contain a high number of receptors, a high concentration of TRH nerve endings and are susceptible to TRH effects. These results support the hypothesis that TRH functions as neuromodulator in these areas.
Animals↗
Regional distribution of pyroglutamyl peptidase II in rabbit brain, spinal cord, and organs.
Pyroglutamyl peptidase II (PPII) is a narrow specificity ectoenzyme that degrades thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). We detected the enzyme in the brain of various mammals, with highest specific activity in rabbit brain. In this species, activity was heterogeneously distributed in the central nervous system. There was a 28-fold difference between regions of highest and lowest PPII activity. Enzyme activity was highest in the olfactory bulb and posterior cortex. In the spinal cord, activity was low but unevenly distributed, with highest values detected in the thoracic (T) region. Segments T1 and T2 activities were particularly high. Other organs contained low or undetectable levels of activity. The levels of TRH-like immunoreactivity (TRH-LI) in spinal cord segments were greatest in T3-T4 and lumbar L2-L6. Low concentrations were found in T1 and T9-T12. There was a partial correlation between the distribution of PPII activity and TRH receptors but not with TRH-LI levels. These results demonstrate that PPII is predominantly a central nervous system enzyme, and they support the hypothesis that PPII is responsible for degrading TRH released into the synaptic cleft.
Animals↗
Metal surface treatment: characterization and effect on composite-to-metal bond strength.
This study evaluated the effect of four methods of metal surface preparation and the use of silane on the bond strength between resin and a Noble metal alloy. SEM Examination and x-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the various metal surface treatments was also performed. One-hundred metal disks were cast in a Noble metal alloy (Porcelain #76). Ninety disks were polished flat and the surfaces received one of four abrasive treatments (n = 20). 1) Roughening with a diamond bur at high speed; 2) Air abrasion with an intraoral sandblaster using alumina particles; 3) Air abrasion with KCP-2000 and 4) Air abrasion with an intraoral sandblaster using silanated silica covered alumina particles (CoJet-Sand). Half the specimens from each treatment group (n = 10) were silanated prior to bonding procedures (All-Bond 2 adhesive system, Pertac-Hybrid composite). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C and thermocycled prior to shear strength testing. The 10 remaining metal disks were used for scanning electron microscopy and x-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy examined the micromorphology of the metal surfaces produced by the four abrasive treatments and x-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate changes in surface composition. Two untreated disks served as controls. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test demonstrated that air abrasion with CoJet-Sand and silane resulted in significantly higher resin-to-metal bond strength than all other metal surface treatments, while roughening with a diamond bur produced the lowest bond strength. Resin-to-metal bond strength was similar for all other particle abrasive treatments with or without silane. Using silane significantly improved bond strength only for metal surfaces treated with CoJet-Sand. An increase in Al concentration was observed on metal surfaces sandblasted with aluminum oxide, and an increase in the concentration of both Al and Si was observed on surfaces air-abraded with CoJet-Sand.
Air↗
Resin-dentin interfacial ultrastructure and microtensile dentin bond strength after five-year water storage.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a total-etch three-step adhesive system's resin-dentin interfacial ultrastructure and microtensile dentin bond strength (microTBS) after multi-year storage in water. METHODS: Resin composite crowns were formed on 600 grit SiC flattened extracted human molars using a total-etch three-step adhesive system (Optibond FL, Kerr) and a hybrid resin composite (Prodigy, Kerr). microTBS specimens were fabricated and placed in water with 0.5% chloramine T at 37 degrees C until respective static load to failure testing at one-month, six-months and five-year storage. Failure modes were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The interfacial ultrastructure of the resin-dentin interface was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 48-hours and 44-months storage. microTBS was modeled with Weibull distribution for survival analysis and failure curve distributions were analyzed by the Wald chi-square statistic for significant differences at alpha=0.05. RESULTS: The characteristic tensile strength (sigma omicron) at one-month, six-months and five-year storage was 52.63, 14.77 and 23.57 Mpa, with a Weibull modulus of 3.04, 1.56 and 1.28, respectively. Failure distributions for all groups were significantly different (p<0.0001) with one-month > five-year > six-months. TEM interfacial morphology demonstrated hydrolytic degradation of hybrid layer components at 44-months storage. SIGNIFICANCE: The decrease in tensile strength and changes in ultrastructure may be caused by water sorption and resultant hydrolytic degradation of the adhesive joint.
Absorption↗
[Chronic cardiac actinomycosis. Case report and review of the literature].
We report the case of a young man in whom a right paracardiac mass was resected. The histopathologic study was compatible with actinomycosis. He developed severe cardiac failure, pulmonary edema and pericardial effusion. He was treated with penicillin, during 12 months. He did well afterwards, however, the echocardiographic follow-up revealed chronic pericardial effusion and thickening and fusion of the pericardium to the epicardial wall.
Actinomycosis↗
Shear bond strengths of resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials to dentin. The materials tested were Fuji II LC, Geristore, Photac-Fil, VariGlass VLC, and Vitremer. Ketac-Fil, a conventional glass ionomer, was used as the control. The occlusal surfaces of 60 extracted molars were ground flat in dentin using 600-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper. Dentin surfaces were treated according to manufacturers' instructions, and restorative materials were applied using gelatin capsule matrices. Shear bond strengths were determined after the specimens were thermocycled 500 times. Mean bond strengths of the resin-modified glass ionomers ranged from 1.4 MPa (Photac-Fil) to 12.3 MPa (Fuji II LC). Except for Photac-Fil, all values were significantly higher than the control. Pairwise comparisons between the means for Fuji II LC and Vitremer, Vitremer and Geristore, and Geristore and VariGlass were not significantly different.
Acrylic Resins↗
Effect of desiccation on microleakage of five Class 5 restorative materials.
Resin-modified glass ionomers, combinations of resin and glass-ionomer chemistry, have resulted in materials with longer working times and command set by visible light activation. These materials are easier to use and more resistant to early moisture contamination and fracture. A glass-ionomer or resin-modified glass-ionomer restoration may be inadvertently desiccated by isolation of the same quadrant for subsequent restorative procedures. The present study is an assessment of the effects of desiccation on microleakage of three resin-modified glass-ionomers: Vitremer, Photac-Fil, Fuji II LC; a glass-ionomer, Ketac-Fil; and a microfill resin, Silux Plus. Fifty extracted molars were prepared with class 5 preparations buccal and lingual and randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 10). Restorations were placed according to the manufacturers' specifications and finished wet after the manufacturers' specified setting interval. All samples were thermocycled 300 cycles between 50 and 500 degrees C. Samples were stored in water at all times until the five groups to be desiccated were air dried and stored dry for 45 minutes. Desiccated groups were then rehydrated for 24 hours prior to AgNO3 staining. Teeth were sectioned mesiodistally and four buccolingual sections (0.6 mm thick) through each class 5 restoration were obtained with a Silverstone-Taylor hard tissue microtome. Each section was scored on a scale of 0-4 for microleakage, and the highest score for dye penetration was used as the score for that restoration. An increase in microleakage was observed in all desiccated groups. Three materials showed a statistically significant increase in microleakage (P < 0.05) following desiccation. Microleakage increases following a brief period of desiccation corresponding to typical treatment times indicate that clinicians need to protect previously placed restorations from undue drying during subsequent dental treatment.
Absorption↗
Amalgam shear bond strength to dentin using different bonding agents.
This study evaluated the shear bond strength of amalgam to dentin using five different bonding agents: Amalgambond Plus, Optibond, Imperva Dual, All-Bond 2, and Clearfil Liner Bond. Flat dentin surfaces obtained by grinding the occlusal portion of 50 human third molars were used for this study. To contain the amalgam on the tooth surface, cylindrical plastic molds were placed on the dentin and secured with sticky wax. The bonding agents were then applied according to the manufacturers' instructions or light activated and Tytin amalgam was condensed into the plastic molds. The samples were thermocycled and shear bond strengths were determined using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Analysis by one-way ANOVA indicated significant difference between the five groups (P < 0.05). The bond strength of amalgam to dentin was significantly higher with Amalgambond Plus using the High-Performance Additive than with the other four bonding agents.
Composite Resins↗
Resin-dentin shear bond strength and interfacial ultrastructure with and without a hybrid layer.
The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the effect of a 2-minute exposure of 5% NaOCl following acid conditioning of the dentin on the shear bond strength for two adhesive systems and (2) to examine the ultrastructure of the resindentin interface under SEM. The mesial and distal surfaces of 28 extracted human third molars were ground to expose dentin, then polished with 600-grit SiC. Teeth were randomly assigned to four test groups (n = 14) and received the following treatments: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP)--Samples were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed and left moist, SBMP primer and adhesive were applied according to the manufacturer's directions, and Restorative Z-100 composite resin was bonded to the dentin surface. SBMP/NaOCl--The same procedures were followed as for SBMP except the surfaces were treated with 5% NaOCl for 2 minutes, after acid conditioning. All-Bond 2 (AB2)--The same technique was followed as for SBMP, using AB2 according to the manufacturer's recommendations. AB2/NaOCl--The same procedure was followed as for SBMP/NaOCl, using AB2. Specimens were thermocycled in a water bath 300 times between 5 degrees-55 degrees C, then sheared in a Zwick Universal Testing Machine. A one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test were used for statistical analysis of the data. A 2-minute exposure of dentin to 5% NaOCl following acid conditioning of the dentin had no significant effect on the dentin shear bond strength for Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, but significantly increased the bond strength of All-Bond 2 specimens. The interfacial structure of the dentin to resin bond for two dentin treatments and two adhesive systems was studied morphologically under the scanning electron microscope. Argon ion beam etching and acid demineralization clearly revealed the hybrid layer for the conventional treatment with phosphoric acid and indicated an absence of this resin-impregnated collagen network in those specimens treated with both phosphoric acid and NaOCl.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Effect of condensation techniques on amalgam bond strengths to dentin.
This in vitro study determined the shear bond strengths of Tytin amalgam to dentin using All-Bond 2, Amalgambond Plus, Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder, and OptiBond with hand and mechanical (Condensaire) condensation. The occlusal enamel surfaces were ground flat to expose the dentin surfaces, and polished with 600-grit SiC paper. The dentin surfaces were treated with one of the combinations of a dentin bonding agent and a condensation technique. All specimens were thermocycled 300 cycles in water between 5-55 degrees C, and shear bond strengths were determined with a Zwick Universal Testing Machine. Two-way ANOVA and Duncan's tests showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in shear bond strength between hand and mechanical condensation of the paired groups, with the exception of Amalgambond Plus, where hand condensation was shown to be significantly better. For both condensation techniques, shear bond strength of Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder was significantly higher than the other materials. For mechanical condensation, OptiBond was significantly higher than either Amalgambond Plus or All-Bond 2, and no significant difference was found between Amalgambond Plus and All-Bond 2. For hand condensation, OptiBond was only significantly higher than All-Bond 2, while there was no significant difference between OptiBond and Amalgambond Plus or between Amalgambond Plus and All-Bond 2. In conclusion, for both condensation techniques, Amalgambond Plus with HPA powder performed the best in bonding amalgam to dentin. The two different condensation techniques did not significantly affect shear bond strength, except with Amalgambond Plus.
Analysis of Variance↗
Polymerization of composite resins: argon laser vs conventional light.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare polymerization of composite resins, as indicated by microhardness, at increasing depths using an argon laser versus a conventional light. For this, a microfill (Silux Plus) and a hybrid (TPH) composite resin were used. Five specimens per group were prepared by injecting composite into a rectangular split Teflon mold 3 x 3 x 8 mm. Specimens were then polymerized by either a 40-second exposure to the conventional visible light (VL) or a 30-, 20-, or 10-second exposure to the argon laser (AL). Specimens were stored in a light-proof container for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, then Knoop hardness was determined. Four measurements were taken for each specimen at depths of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm from the exposed surface. No significant differences were found in surface hardness for either the microfill or hybrid composite regardless of light source or exposure time. For the microfill composite, at 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm depths, VL40 and AL30 exposures produced comparable hardness, which was significantly greater than that found for AL20 and AL10. At a depth of 4 mm, exposure to VL40 resulted in significantly greater hardness compared to AL20. With AL10 exposure, the composite was too soft to determine hardness. The hybrid composite had comparable hardness to a depth of 3 mm for VL40, AL30 and AL20.
Analysis of Variance↗