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Biomedical subjects

M A Weinstein

Publications and source records attributed to M A Weinstein.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Computed tomography in the detection of juxtasellar lesions.

One thousand consecutive computed tomograms were reviewed to determine the accuracy of the procedure in the detection of juxtasellar lesions. The detection rate was compared to those of plain skull films, radionuclide studies, angiography, and pneumoencephalography. Computed tomography was slightly superior to angiography and was surpassed only by pneumoencephalography, both of which are invasive procedures which carry a definite risk. The data indicate that computed tomography is the screening method of choice in the detection of juxtasellar masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

High resolution computed tomography of the orbit withthe Ohio Nuclear Delta head scanner.

The orbit is an ideal structure to examine by CT because of large differences between absorption values of retroorbital fat and other structures such as muscle, optic nerve, and ophthalmic artery. Spatial resolution in CT is dependent upon the volume of each pixel (individual picture element). Whereas the pixel volume of the original EMI scanner was 117 mm, that of the Ohio Nuclear Delta head scanner employed in this paper is only 5 mm. Ovver 200 patients have been examined using this scanning instrument, including 32 patients in whom the orbits were specifically examined with a scan plane parallel to Reid's baseline. Representative abnormalities are discussed and illustrated. Orbital tumors such as hemangiomas, lymphomas, meningiomas, and inflammatory pseudotumors can be accurately localized while still very small.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

Computed tomography in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

An area of decreased density found with computed tomography corresponded to confluent demyelinative lesions in the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Failure of the CT scan to enhance with contrast material together with the clinical picture may enable clinicians to diagnose this subacutely progressive viral demyelinative brain disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Computerized tomography in the detection of intracranial metastases in children.

Computerized tomography brain scans produce sectional tomograms of the brain substance which demonstrate intracranial lesions. The procedure is safe and painless, and can be done on an outpatient basis. Three children with malignant disease had intracranial metastases demonstrated using this technique during a recent six-month period at the Cleveland Clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Tracking respiratory therapy in the trauma patient.

The respiratory index (RI), P(AaDO2)/PaO2, was investigated in a retrospective study of 177 intubated patients treated at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medicine. An RI of 0.1 to 0.37 is normal. Patients with an RI of 2 or greater were intubated. Those patients who reached an RI of 6 or more had an associated 12 per cent probability of survival. The RI reflects the presence of pulmonary shunting in a variety of circumstances including atelectasis, pulmonary contusion, and pulmonary emboli. A nomogram that allows the course of the patient with respiratory problems to be followed is described. Movement along the same isobars or between isobars can be followed by plotting the PaO2 against the FI0-2. Thus, the rationale and effect of respiratory therapeutic manipulations may be recorded graphically.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Computed tomography in diastematomyelia.

The diagnosis of diastematomyelia was confirmed in 2 patients by computed tomography (CT). Abnormalities of the vertebral bodies, pedicles, lamina, and spinous processes were defined and the diastematomyelic spurs were visualized.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dilemma of pilonidal disease: pilonidal cystotomy, reappraisal of an old technique.

A series of 126 patients treated by inhospital pilonidal cystotomy is reviewed. One hundred twenty-four were treated using local anesthesia with supplemental diazepam or Innovar. Most patients spent only three days in the hospital, with healing occurring in less than two months. Recurrences occurred in 20.9 per cent of the patients. The recurrences were treated by office procedures in all but one instance. Most patients were pain-free and back to work within two weeks after operation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of total parenteral nutrition as a "medical colostomy" in management of severe lacerations of the sphincter: report of a case.

A case of anal-sphincter injury with total fecal incontinence is presented. The use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as a "medical colostomy" is stressed. After four weeks of support by TPN, the perineal wound had healed and successful sphincteroplasty was performed. TPN was used in the postoperative period to delay bowel movements for one week. The general concept of the use of TPN in sphincter injury is presented giving the surgeon an option in management of these injuries without resorting to a preliminary colostomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periventricular involvement in CNS lymphomatoid granulomatosis: MR demonstration.

We report a case of intracranial lymphomatoid granulomatosis shown by magnetic resonance (MR) as a focal periventricular lesion. The patient had an undulant clinical course manifested by multiple peripheral and cranial neuropathies. Both the clinical course and the MR findings were difficult to differentiate from an unusual presentation of multiple sclerosis. Autopsy correlation was obtained after the patient succumbed to cardiopulmonary arrest during status epilepticus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma by computed tomography.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a highly vascular neoplasms that tends to spread in the various fissures and foraminia of the nasopharynz. Polytomography and angiography have added greatly to the diagnosis and management of this tumor through accurate preoperative assessment. Computed tomography has given an additional sophisticated, precise method for evaluating the extent of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Computed tomography shows, in detail, the extension of the tumor into the pterygopalatine fossa with widening of the pterygopalatine fossa and anterior bowing of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus. With this correct information about tumor location, surgical or radiation treatment can be appropriately planned, with a probable improvement of cure rates and reduction of recurrences.

Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estrogen mustard induces cell cycle arrest of human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines.

OBJECTIVE: Pharmacologic disruption of microtubule function may provide effective therapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, as has been observed in clinical trials using taxol. However, the limited availability of taxol and taxol's side effects emphasize a need to develop alternative antimicrotubule agents. Estramustine (EM) inhibits binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to microtubules, promotes microtubule disassembly, disrupts spindle formation, and induces metaphase arrest in human prostate carcinoma and glioma cells in culture. We studied the effect of EM on DNA synthesis and on the cell cycle in four human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and examined the cell lines for evidence of MAP-like immunoreactivity. METHODS: The effect of EM on DNA synthesis and on the cell cycle was determined using [3H]thymidine incorporation assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Microtubule-associated protein-like immunoreactivity was determined using monoclonal antibodies directed against MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 2(2A + 2B) for Western analysis after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: We demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory response to EM in BIXLER, DK2NMA, and SKOV3. BIX3 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory response to EM concentrations from 25 micrograms/mL to 100 micrograms/mL, but a stimulatory response at 10 micrograms/mL. Estramustine inhibited exponentially growing cells by causing mitotic arrest with subsequent accumulation of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle in all four cell lines. We found MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 2-like immunoreactivity in all four cells lines studied. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with a MAP-microtubule mechanism of action for EM in ovarian carcinoma cells and provide reason to conduct further study of EM for potential use in the treatment of human epithelial ovarian cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Sturge-Weber syndrome: comparison of MR and CT characteristics.

Four patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome were evaluated with CT and MR. MR demonstrated the characteristic features of the disease: cerebral atrophy (four patients), ipsilateral bone and sinus hypertrophy (three), ocular findings (one), intracranial calcification (four), prominent deep venous system (three), and enlarged choroid plexus (two). CT demonstrated the following: cerebral atrophy (four), ipsilateral bone and sinus hypertrophy (three), calcification (four), gyral enhancement (two), prominent deep venous system (two), and enlarged choroid plexuses (three). The features of Sturge-Weber syndrome were visualized equally well with MR and CT with the exception of intracranial calcification. Conventional spin-echo MR revealed fewer calcifications, and those visualized appeared smaller than with CT. Gradient-echo acquisition sequences were more effective in the detection of intracranial calcification.

Adolescent↗