The history of operative gynecologic laparoscopy in Kentucky.
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
M A Yussman
Publications and source records attributed to M A Yussman.
Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin decrease type 2 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor protein levels in women's skin.
The present study tested the hypothesis that LH/hCG may regulate the type 2 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor protein levels in skin. The skin samples obtained from women undergoing abdominal laparotomy or abdominoplasty were incubated in the presence or absence of hCG. Western blotting was then performed to determine the response of type 2 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptors. The results demonstrated that treatment with hCG resulted in a significant time- and dose-dependent, although modest, decrease in 5 alpha-reductase and androgen receptor levels compared to the controls. These effects were mimicked by LH, but not by other hormones in the glycoprotein hormone family, including alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG. Although the biological and clinical importance of this regulation remains to be determined, these findings reaffirm that human skin is among the nongonadal tissues that respond to LH and hCG treatment.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
Novel presence of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors in human adrenal glands.
It has been well documented that a significant proportion of chronic anovulatory patients have elevated levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and normal levels of adrenocortiocotropic hormone (ACTH). We tested the hypothesis that the zones of human adrenal cortex that secrete DHEAS may contain LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors. In situ hybridization showed the presence of hybridization signals representing LH/hCG receptor mRNA transcripts in the zona reticularis. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the zona reticularis also contained LH/hCG receptor protein. The receptor transcripts and receptor protein are also present in the deeper layer of the zona fasciculata which can also secrete DHEAS. Double immunostaining revealed that LH/hCG receptors are present in the same cells that contain cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme, suggesting that the receptor containing cells are steroidogenic. These findings may potentially explain higher DHEAS levels in chronic anovulatory women who have normal ACTH and elevated LH levels.
Adrenal Glands↗
Human skin contains luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors.
Normal human skin contains a major 4.5 kb and several minor mRNA transcripts and a 66 kDa protein of luteinizing hormone (LH)/chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors which are capable of binding exogenous 125I-hCG. The distribution of receptor transcripts and receptor protein are the highest in epidermis followed by hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. LH/hCG receptors are co-localized with androgen receptors in all the skin appendages. These data are the first demonstration of skin containing LH/hCG receptors and would suggest that LH and hCG may regulate skin functions.
Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
A prospective study on the association between red hair color and endometriosis in infertile patients.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if red-haired infertile women have an increased prevalence of endometriosis. DESIGN: Prospective, nonblinded. SETTING: Large, metropolitan, private hospital, associated with a university. Subspeciality care provided by reproductive endocrinologists. PATIENTS: One hundred forty-three consecutive women undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy for infertility. INTERVENTIONS: Laser ablation of any endometriosis present. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of endometriosis. RESULTS: Of 143 women entered into the study, 12 had natural red hair. The ages of these women ranged between 23 and 41 years. Ten of 12 (83%) of the red-haired women were found to have endometriosis compared with 55 of 131 (42%) of nonredheads. By statistical analysis, the 95% confidence intervals for the presence of endometriosis in redheads was 55% to 100% versus 34% to 51% for nonredheads. CONCLUSION: The results suggest an association between the occurrence of natural red hair and those factors that lead to the development of endometriosis.
Adult↗
Decreased expression of functional human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in human uterine leiomyomas.
Human myometrium contains functional hCG/LH receptors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not leiomyomas that arise from myometrium also contain these receptors. Northern blotting demonstrated that leiomyomas and normal adjacent myometria contained hCG/LH receptor mRNA transcripts. Western immunoblotting showed that leiomyomas and corresponding normal myometria also contained 60- and 50-kDa receptor proteins. Ligand blotting revealed that only the 50-kDa receptor protein in leiomyomas and corresponding normal myometria could bind 125I-hCG and that this binding inhibited by excess unlabeled hCG. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry revealed that smooth muscle cells in leiomyomas and corresponding normal myometria contained the hCG/LH receptor mRNA transcripts and receptor proteins. The receptor levels were lower in leiomyomas than in corresponding normal myometria. However, the receptors were functional, as treatment with hCG resulted in a decrease of connexin-43 protein levels in leiomyomas as in normal myometria. In summary, human uterine leiomyomas express a functional hCG/LH receptor gene at a reduced level compared with that for normal corresponding myometria. This finding could be relevant to an understanding of the growth control mechanisms in leiomyomas and the manner in which medical therapy for leiomyomas might work.
Adult↗
Seasonal effect on pregnancy loss rates in humans.
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Abortion, Spontaneous↗
The effects of season on female fertility as measured by the outcome of frozen-thawed donor inseminations.
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Cryopreservation↗
Endometriosis after neosalpingostomy.
A patient seen for infertility developed severe endometriosis within 2 years of neosalpingostomy for bilateral fallopian tube obstruction. A retrospective review of infertility surgeries revealed none of 20 patients with obstructed tubes to have endometriosis, compared with 66 of 125 (52.8%) with at least one patent fallopian tube (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0% to 17% vs 44% to 62%.
Adult↗
Eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes in placental and decidual tissues from preeclamptic pregnancies: increased expression of thromboxane-A2 synthase gene.
Preeclampsia is a disease of late pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, in which vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and reduced uteroplacental blood flow contribute to preterm delivery, perinatal morbidity, and mortality. Increased thromboxane-A2 (TXA2) and/or decreased prostacyclin (PGI2) have been implicated as causative factors of this disease. The present studies investigated the expression of TXA2 synthase gene along with those of TXA2 receptors, PGI2 synthase, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and COX-2 in placental and decidual tissue from preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed that primarily trophoblast layer and decidual cells express TXA2 synthase, COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes. Immunocytochemistry for PGI2 synthase and in situ hybridization for TXA2 receptors showed similar results. Trophoblast layer and decidua from preeclamptic pregnancies contained a greater abundance of mRNA and protein of TXA2 synthase than the matched normal pregnancies. In summary, our findings suggest that an increased local expression of TXA2 synthase could be responsible for local and/or peripheral vascular changes in preeclampsia.
Decidua↗
Expression of functional human chorionic gonadotropin/human luteinizing hormone receptor gene in human uterine arteries.
The present study investigated 1) whether extra- and intramyometrial arteries contain hCG/human LH receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and receptor protein, 2) whether hCG can bind to its vascular receptors and regulate the formation of vasoactive eicosanoids, and 3) whether hCG administration for ovulation induction can affect the vascular resistance in uterine arteries. The uterine arteries contain multiple hCG/LH receptor mRNA transcripts in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The uterine arteries also contain an 80-kilodalton immunoreactive receptor protein in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The extra- and intramyometrial arteries and an 80-kilodalton receptor protein bind [125I]hCG, which is inhibited by excess unlabeled hCG. The receptor mRNA, receptor protein, and ligand binding are higher in smaller intramyometrial arteries than in larger extramyometrial arteries. Incubation of uterine arteries with highly purified hCG resulted in a dose-dependent increase in immunoreactive cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, prostacyclin synthase, and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha and a decrease in prostaglandin-E2, thromboxane-A2 synthase, and thromboxane-B2. There was a significant decrease in the resistance index in uterine arteries, but not in common carotid arteries, by 16 h after the administration of 10,000 IU hCG for ovulation induction in women. This decrease is positively correlated with serum hCG levels, but not with progesterone or estradiol levels. In summary, these data, demonstrating the expression of functional hCG/LH receptors in human uterine arteries, are novel and may have important implications for physiological uterine blood flow regulation, reproductive failure, and obstetrical hemorrhage.
Adult↗
Substance P in peritoneal fluid.
Substance P is a neuropeptide that has been identified in the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, and vagina and in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both an animal model and human ovaries. We sought to determine if substance P is present in peritoneal fluid and, if so, whether it correlated with the cause of infertility. Its presence was determined by radioimmunoassay in the peritoneal fluid of 66 patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for clinical indications related to infertility. Total volume of peritoneal fluid and cycle day were recorded; patients were evaluated in groups according to diagnosis: endometriosis (n = 24), pelvic adhesions (n = 18), and normal controls (n = 24). The level of substance P (mean +/- SEM) was 122 +/- 19 pg/ml for endometriosis and 130 +/- 19 pg/ml for pelvic adhesions. These values were not significantly different from the normal controls (130 +/- 25 pg/ml). There was no significant difference in levels between follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We conclude that substance P is present normally in peritoneal fluid and that its levels are not affected by pelvic endometriosis or adhesions.
Ascitic Fluid↗
Transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels in human placentas from early, mid, and late gestation.
OBJECTIVE: Human placenta expresses receptors for transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor throughout pregnancy. Experiments were performed to determine whether epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor-alpha might be synthesized by placental cells and act through an autocrine mechanism to influence functioning of placental cells in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: Human placentas from early, mid, and late gestations were analyzed for transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid and proteins. Polyadenylic acid-positive ribonucleic acid was isolated from placentas from 10, 11, 13, 21, 32, 38, 39, and 40 weeks of gestation and analyzed by Northern analysis for hybridization with complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probes specific for epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor-alpha. Levels of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in pools of placentas from early, mid, and late gestations, and levels of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha receptor-active protein were measured by radioreceptor assay. RESULTS: All placentas had a strong transforming growth factor-alpha hybridization band at 4.5 kb and a weak epidermal growth factor hybridization band at 5.2 kb. High levels of transforming growth factor-alpha immunoreactive protein (90 to 180 ng/mg protein) and low levels of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (3 to 9 pg/mg protein) were detected in pools of placentas from early, mid, and late gestations. High levels of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha receptor-active protein (250 ng/mg protein) were also detected. CONCLUSION: Human placentas contain relatively high levels of immunoreactive and receptor-active transforming growth factor-alpha, as well as transforming growth factor-alpha messenger ribonucleic acid, throughout gestation. This finding suggests that transforming growth factor-alpha may act by an autocrine system to influence human placental cell function in vivo.
Blotting, Northern↗
The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/human luteinizing hormone receptors in ectopic human endometrial implants.
Our laboratory previously demonstrated that normal human endometrium contains hCG/human LH receptors. Since ectopic endometrial implants in endometriosis arise directly at least in part from uterine endometrium, we investigated whether the implants continue the expression of these receptors. The presence of hCG/LH receptor mRNA and/or immunoreactive receptor protein in ectopic endometrial implants on pelvic peritoneum, uterine endometrium, and unaffected or normal peritoneum from patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 14) clinically apparent endometriosis was examined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry analyses. The results showed that the peritoneal biopsies with visible or microscopic endometrial implants contain receptor mRNA and receptor protein. The glands contain more receptor mRNA and receptor protein than stromal cells in implants similar to uterine endometrium from patients with or without endometriosis. However, there is no consistent difference in the expression of receptors in implants compared to uterine endometria from patients with or without endometriosis. Contrary to ectopic endometrial implants, unaffected or normal peritoneum contain neither receptor mRNA nor receptor protein. In summary, we conclude that ectopic endometrial implants contain hCG/LH receptor mRNA and receptor protein, which suggests new possibilities in the medical treatment of endometriosis.
Adult↗
Stability of human chorionic gonadotropin and its alpha-subunit.
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Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical localization of 5- and 12-lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase enzymes in human granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles.
Cellular and subcellular distribution of 5- and 12-lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase enzymes were investigated in human granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles using light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry. The results demonstrated that all three enzymes are present in granulosa cells but not in minor contaminating red blood cells. While the distribution of cyclooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase was relatively uniform among the granulosa cells, 5-lipoxygenase was not uniformly distributed among these cells. All three enzymes are present in microvillus plasma membranes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, nuclear membranes and chromatin. In summary, 5- and 12-lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase enzymes, which catalyze the transformation of arachidonic acid into different eicosanoids, are present in several subcellular organelles including nuclei of granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles.
Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase↗
Follicular fluid Lidocaine levels during transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
Lidocaine has been shown to have adverse effects on mouse oocyte fertilization and embryo development. We have demonstrated the presence of pharmacologic levels of lidocaine in human serum and follicular fluid obtained during ultrasound guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval. The significance of this finding is unclear, as four of the eight patients studied became pregnant, including the patient with the highest follicular fluid lidocaine levels. Further evaluation of the effect of lidocaine on human embryos is warranted.
Anesthesia, Local↗
Endometrial inadequacy after treatment with human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin.
The incidence of abnormal endometrial histology in patients undergoing human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG) treatment during cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer has been reported to be 52% to 91%. The incidence of endometrial inadequacy, as judged by a single late luteal endometrial biopsy, has not been studied in hMG/hCG non-IVF cycles. In the current study, 30 patients (30 cycles) undergoing hMG/hCG treatment were evaluated by an endometrial biopsy. The incidence of endometrial inadequacy was found to be 27%. No preovulatory predictors for endometrial inadequacy could be identified. Therefore, luteal support for patients undergoing non-IVF hMG/hCG cycles should be considered.
Adult↗