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M Abboud

Publications and source records attributed to M Abboud.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Analysis of 156 breast reconstructions by transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap (TRAM)].

The myocutaneous rectus abdominis flap described by Hartrampf was used for 156 breast reconstructions between 1982 and 1992. 107 reconstructions were done with one pedicle. 142 were delayed reconstructions. Partial necrosis of the flap occurred in 10% of the cases in bipedicled flaps and 20% in unilateral flaps. No hernia occurred in this series. Cosmetic results are considered satisfactory or very satisfactory in 59% of the cases when evaluated by the medical team and 76.5% when evaluated by the patients. As a conclusion of this study, the TRAM flap is preferred in delayed reconstructions when local and general conditions are suitable, rather than latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions which require an implant.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Study of early hematopoietic precursors in human cord blood.

Human cord blood is a source of transplantable stem cells. These stem cells express the antigen CD34, are resistant to treatment with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (CD34+/4-HCres), and do not give rise to colonies when plated in clonogenic assays. We studied the number of CD34+ cells present in cord blood and developed a two-step assay for early precursors (pre-colony-forming units, pre-CFU) capable of giving rise to committed progenitors. In this assay CD34+/4-HCres cord blood cells were cultured in suspension with different growth factors. After 7 days in suspension the remaining cells were plated in clonogenic assays, for granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E), and mixed lineage colony-forming units (CFU-MIX), in the presence of pure factors or a combination of recombinant human (rh) interleukin 3 (IL-3) and medium conditioned by the PU34 primate cell line. Pre-CFU for all precursors were identified. These pre-CFU developed into committed progenitors in response to rhIL-3. The combinations of rhIL-3 plus rh interleukin 1 (IL-1) or rhIL-3 plus rh interleukin 6 (IL-6) did not enhance recovery of progenitors. The developing CFU-GM were responsive to rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and rh granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) but much less so to rhIL-3. BFU-E and CFU-MIX developed in suspension but could only be detected when cells were replated in the presence of a combination of rhIL-3 and PU34 but not rhIL-3 alone. This assay may be useful in evaluating the number of early hematopoietic precursors present in cord blood samples and in defining growth factor combinations that could enhance hematopoietic recovery after cord blood stem cell transplants.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

High levels of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in cord blood of normal full-term neonates.

Because several human hematopoietic growth factors have been identified and shown to be effective for treatment of congenital or iatrogenic neutropenias, and cord blood contains stimulatory activities for blood-forming cells, we postulated that identification of these factors and analysis of their regulatory role in normal neonates would provide a rationale for their use in treating neonatal infections associated with neutropenia. We studied the plasma levels of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF, respectively) and the frequency of granulomonopoietic colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) in the umbilical cord blood of normal term neonates. Plasma growth factor levels were measured by a biologic assay. Circulating hematopoietic progenitors were assayed for colony formation with different recombinant growth factors used as exogenous growth stimulators. The cell cycle status of these progenitors was analyzed by the thymidine suicide technique. At birth the leukocyte count (mean +/- SD) was 11.0 +/- 3.9 x 10(9)L and the neutrophil count was 5.6 +/- 2.6 x 10(9)/L. The incidence of CFU-GM was significantly higher in umbilical cord blood than in normal adult peripheral blood (p less than 0.005) with up to 40% of the cells in S phase (less than 10% in normal adults). Plasma levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF at birth were 40.8 +/- 2.8 U/ml and 19.9 +/- 5.2 U/ml, respectively (normal adult plasma levels 2.5 +/- 1.5 U/ml for G-CSF and undetectable for GM-CSF). These high levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF in umbilical cord blood of normal neonates might play a role in maintaining adequate neutrophil production.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of interleukin-3 on hematopoietic recovery after 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide treatment of cynomolgus primates.

Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that supports the growth of early hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. In vivo administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) to normal primates results in a modest and delayed leukocytosis secondary to increases in neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. We postulated that the effects of rhIL-3 might be more pronounced in hematologically stressed primates, and therefore administered rhIL-3 to primates after intensive myelosuppressive therapy. Primates received either cyclophosphamide (CPM) at 60 mg/kg or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 75 mg/kg i.v. on two consecutive days. Subsequently, rhIL-3 was administered intravenously or subcutaneously at 20 micrograms/kg per d for 14 d. Compared to controls, all rhIL-3 treated primates experienced higher absolute neutrophil count (ANC) nadirs and dramatic decreases in the period of severe neutropenia (ANC less than 500) after myelosuppressive therapy. RhIL-3 administration resulted in a significant basophilia and eosinophilia, which resolved after discontinuation of the drug. RhIL-3 did not enhance erythroid recovery. Platelet recovery was earlier in rhIL-3-treated animals. However, variations in the platelet recovery observed in control animals, precluded accurate estimation of this effect or its significance. Our results indicate that the administration of rhIL-3 following intensive myelosuppressive therapy dramatically enhances myeloid recovery and ablates the predicted period of prolonged severe neutropenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Reduction of mammaplasty scars: from a short inframammary scar to a vertical scar].

A better understanding of the vascular anatomy of the breast has drastically reduced the risk of postoperative necrosis in breast reduction. Scars however remain a major concern, and techniques to reduce these have often been considered to be less satisfactory in terms of the shape and stability of the result. Our experience with more than 1,000 breasts operated on between 1984 and 1989 with a short inframammary scar technique has proved the contrary. The next step was to eliminate the inframammary scar, as proposed by Lassus, and to leave just a periareolar scar and a lower vertical scar which does not cross the inframammary fold. One hundred and four breasts, in sixty four patients--17 to 60 years old--have been operated on according to this vertical technique between April and September 1989. Twenty seven cases of ptosis correction in seventeen patients, and seventy seven reductions in forty seven patients, with a median excision weight of 460g, have been performed. By means of an individualized preoperative drawing and several technical devices, the results have proved that vertical mammaplasty is an excellent technique particularly indicated for women with elastic skin and a firm gland. Recent experience with liposuction at the beginning of the operation, has given new possibilities for breast modelling. In fatty juvenile hypertrophies, liposuction alone may even be adequate to reduce the volume, retaining a satisfactory shape for the breast with minimal scarring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of interleukin-1 on hematopoietic progenitors: evidence of stimulatory and inhibitory activities in a primate model.

The effects of recombinant human interleukin-1 rhIL-1 beta (rhIL-1b) on hematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy in a primate model were investigated. Cynomolgus monkeys received 1 microgram/kg/day rhIL-1b intravenously for 2, 7, and 14 days following 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment (75 mg/kg x 2 days). Compared with controls, a significantly shortened time to achieve an absolute neutrophil (ANC) count over 500/microL was observed in animals receiving 2- and 7-day courses of rhIL-1b (17 v 30 days), while animals receiving a 14-day course of rhIL-1b achieved an ANC over 500/microL by 23 days. Concomitantly, a marked increase in granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) was observed at 14 days following 5-FU in animals receiving 2- and 7-day rhIL-1b courses. In animals receiving a 14-day rhIL-1b course, a significant increase in CFU-GM relative to control was not seen until 21 days post 5-FU. Utilizing a serum-free colony assay system, a 50% inhibition of normal marrow CFU-GM growth was observed with the addition of sera obtained on day 9 post 5-FU from animals receiving rhIL-1b for 14 days. Sera obtained at any time from animals receiving 2- and 7-day rhIL-1b treatment did not show any growth inhibition. Addition of antibodies to TNFa to the coculture assay abrogated the CFU-GM growth inhibition. TNFa levels in sera with the inhibitory activity was relatively high (918 pg/mL). Our data indicate that rhIL-1b enhances hematopoietic recovery following 5-FU if administered for short periods of time (less than 7 days), whereas prolonged administration has a counterproductive effect that is due in part to the induction of TNFa production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia in patients with congenital agranulocytosis.

Congenital agranulocytosis is a disorder characterized by severe neutropenia and a profound deficiency of identifiable neutrophil progenitors in bone marrow. In an attempt to stimulate neutrophil production and thereby reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease, we administered recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in doses of 3 to 60 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day to five patients with congenital agranulocytosis. In all five patients, an increase in the number of neutrophils was noted eight to nine days after the initiation of the effective dosage (the dose at which the neutrophil count reached 1000 cells per microliter or more and the bone marrow showed granulocyte maturation beyond the myelocyte stage). The absolute neutrophil counts rose from less than 100 to between 1300 and 9500 cells per microliter. Marrow aspirates obtained after 14 days at the effective dosage showed maturation to the mature neutrophil stage. The side effects that were observed were medullary pain, splenomegaly, and an elevation of levels of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase. All five patients have had sustained neutrophil counts of 1000 cells per microliter or more for 9 to 13 months while receiving subcutaneous maintenance therapy. Preexisting chronic infections have resolved clinically, and the number of new infectious episodes and the requirement for intravenous antibiotics have decreased. We conclude that treatment with rhG-CSF can lead to a large increase in the numbers of functional neutrophils in patients with congenital agranulocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of IL-1 on hematopoietic progenitors after myelosuppressive chemoradiotherapy.

Recently it has been recognized that IL-1 plays an important role in hematopoietic regulation. Administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to mice causes prolonged neutropenia. rHIL-1 injected to mice after 5-FU, accelerated the recovery of hematopoietic progenitors and blood neutrophils. The combination of rhIL-1 and rhG-CSF reduced the neutropenic period significantly. Sublethal irradiation of mice induced profound neutropenia for 3 weeks which was associated with 80% mortality. Administration of rhIL-1 20 hours prior to or 2 hours post irradiation resulted in a significantly improved survival and rapid recovery of the neutrophil count. IL-1 administered alone or in combination with other colony stimulating factors to spontaneous breast tumor bearing mice following 5-FU therapy resulted in a rapid recovery of neutrophils, improved survival, and markedly reduced the tumor mass. Experiments in primates demonstrated that rhIL-1 administered to 5-FU treated animals shortened the neutropenic period from 30 to 17 days and increased the number of marrow progenitors responsive to other CSFs. Prolonged administration of IL-1 (14 days) to these animals resulted in a delayed neutrophil recovery as compared to animals receiving short courses of IL-1. rhIL-1 administered to primates receiving marrow grafts after lethal irradiation, did not result in rapid hematopoietic recovery. In humans, studies with CD-34 positive marrow cells showed that IL-1 had a radioprotective effect on a committed and early marrow progenitors. These data show the therapeutic potential of IL-1 in the treatment of chemoradiotherapy induced myelosuppression.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Stimulation of human hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation by recombinant human interleukin 3. Comparison and interactions with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors.

Recombinant human interleukin 3 (IL3) produced in Escherichia coli was purified and its activities examined in cultures of highly enriched human bone marrow progenitor cells. Human IL3 stimulated multipotential (CFU-GEMM) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells, generating 95% more BFU-E than recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). No further enhancement of BFU-E or CFU-GEMM occurred when IL3 and GM-CSF were used in combination. Human IL3 was more effective than GM-CSF in stimulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) in short-term suspension cultures, but did not induce an increase of CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-GEMM above input levels. IL3 was more active on day-14 (d14) than on d7 CFU-GM, similar to GM-CSF, but generated fewer and smaller CFU-GM-derived clones than either GM-CSF or granulocyte CSF (CI-CSF). The simultaneous addition of plateau levels of IL3 and GM-CSF resulted in an infra-additive augmentation of d7 and d14 CFU-GM-derived clones, whereas IL3 and G-CSF enhanced the number and cellularity predominantly of d14 CFU-GM. In liquid cultures, IL3 induced a greater than 100-fold increase in the number of basophil-mast-like cells and eosinophils and allowed maintenance of these cultures for up to 7 weeks. Human GM-CSF was an almost equally potent, stimulus of eosinophil development but had only a marginal effect on basophilic precursors, whereas G-CSF lacked both activities. Therefore, human IL3 is a multilineage hemopoietic growth factor whose activities appear to encompass and extend beyond those of GM-CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Presence of tumour necrosis factor or a related factor in human basophil/mast cells.

The observation that mast cell products and cachectin/tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mediate similar responses suggested an investigation of cultured human basophil/mast cells for production of TNF. Using in situ hybridization and the avidin biotin-complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase method, we have demonstrated the presence of TNF mRNA in the cytoplasm and TNF protein in the granules of individual human basophil/mast cells. The production of TNF by these cells could explain many of their reported functions.

Basophils↗
PubMed1984

Five related Lebanese individuals with high plasma lysosomal hydrolases: a new defect in mannose-6-phosphate receptor recognition?

Five healthy related individuals in 3 generations of a Lebanese family have been found to have highly elevated plasma lysosomal enzyme levels inherited as a dominant Mendelian trait. The same enzymes in other extracellular fluids were within normal limits. While the pattern and extent of plasma enzyme elevation was similar to that found in mucolipidoses II and III, the physicochemical properties of the elevated enzymes were different from those of both control and I-cell disease plasma. Secretion of lysosomal hydrolases into cell media by fibroblasts from one of the individuals was increased two to seven times more than that from controls. The results suggest faulty recognition between lysosomal hydrolases and mannose-6-phosphate receptors. This could be caused by a defect either in the phosphodiesterase that normally uncovers mannose-6-phosphate hydrolase markers or in the mannose-6-phosphate receptor itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of oligohydramnios on maternal and perinatal outcomes of spontaneous premature rupture of the membranes at 18-28 weeks.

OBJECTIVE: We compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes between 69 patients with oligohydramnios and 49 patients with adequate fluid at the time of initial evaluation for PROM. METHODS: One hundred and eighteen patients with spontaneous premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) at 18-28 weeks are included in the study. Inclusion criteria are singleton gestation, normal fetal anatomical survey and normal amniotic fluid prior to PROM, and absence of labor or abruption at the time of PROM. Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) <5 cm of measurable pockets of amniotic fluid which are free of umbilical cord. Expectant management was carried during the 3-year period. The overall perinatal survival is 66%. Pulmonary hypoplasia is present in 18%, and skeletal deformities in 3% of all neonates. RESULTS: There is no significant difference between the two groups in the mean gestational ages at PROM (172+/-17 d vs. 171+/-14 d), latency periods (9+/-14 d vs. 8+/-13 d), incidences of chorioamnionitis (48 vs. 39%), endometritis (19 vs. 14%), neonatal sepsis (11 vs. 13%), or skeletal deformities (6 vs. 0%). Patients with oligohydraminos have significantly higher incidences of fetal heart rate decelerations (59 vs. 38%) and C-section (38 vs. 16%) (P < 0.05) than patients with adequate amniotic fluid. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for confounding variables, neonates with oligohydramnios are twice as likely to develop pulmonary hypoplasia (20 vs. 10%) and more likely to experience neonatal death (30 vs. 20%) when compared to those with adequate fluid, even though the difference is not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in children.

PURPOSE: To describe the experience with a new lipid-based amphotericin product (amphotericin B colloidal dispersion or ABCD) in children with fever and neutropenia who are at high risk for fungal infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine children with febrile neutropenia were treated in a prospective, randomized trial comparing ABCD with amphotericin B. An additional 70 children with presumed or proven fungal infection were treated with 5 different open-label studies of ABCD. Patients were registered into these studies for reasons of: 1) failure to respond to amphotericin B; 2) development of nephrotoxicity or preexisting renal impairment; or 3) willingness to participate in a dose-escalation study. Extensive data detailing response and toxicity were collected from each patient. RESULTS: In the randomized trial, there was significantly less renal toxicity in the children receiving ABCD than in those receiving amphotericin B (12.0% vs. 52.4% [P = 0.003]). Other adverse symptoms were not significantly different. In the additional open-label studies, although 80% of patients receiving ABCD reported some adverse symptom, the majority of these were infusion related, and nephrotoxicity was reported in only 12% of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: ABCD was well-tolerated at doses up to 5 times greater then those usually tolerated with amphotericin B. Renal toxicity was markedly less than expected, and there were no other unexpected severe toxicities. Further randomized studies are needed to further define the role of this and other liposomal products in children.

Adolescent↗