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Biomedical subjects

M Aburada

Publications and source records attributed to M Aburada.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Mitogenic and complement activating activities of the herbal components of juzen-taiho-to.

The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "Juzen-Taiho-To" (TJ-48), which was prepared by decocting a concoction (formula), contains ten kinds of herbs and has several immunostimulating activities. In order to determine the contribution of each herbal component, the complement-activating and mitogenic activities of the hot water extract as well as the polysaccharide fraction from each herb were tested. Hot water extracts of Glycyrrhizae radix, Astragali radix, and Atractylodes lanceae rhizoma showed significant mitogenic activity whereas that of Cinnamomi cortex showed potent complement-activating activity. However, the exclusion of any single component herb whether active or not on its own did not result in a loss or an increase of the overall activity of TJ-48. The polysaccharide fraction from Glycyrrhizae radix showed the most potent of both activities among the same fractions from the other nine herbs, and reduced both activities after periodate oxidation, thus indicating that the carbohydrate moiety may contribute to both activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101) on liver regeneration.

We studied the effect of TJN-101, a lignan component of Schisandra fruits (Schisandrae fructus), on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. TJN-101 was given orally to male Wistar rats 30 min before partial hepatectomy. The mitotic index and the level of DNA synthesis increased after partial hepatectomy and their increase was significantly enhanced by TJN-101. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increased in the early stages of liver regeneration and it was also significantly enhanced by TJN-101. Besides, TJN-101 enhanced the increase in hepatic putrescine. These results suggest that TJN-101 stimulates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy by enhancing ODC activity, which is an important biochemical event in the early stages of liver regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Gomisin A inhibits tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.

Gomisin A, isolated from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, is one of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. Application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 1 microgram/ear), a tumor-promoting agent, to the ears of mice induces inflammation. Among seven dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans assayed, gomisin A, gomisin J, and wuweizisu C inhibited the inflammatory activity induced by TPA in mice. The ED50 of these compounds for TPA-induced inflammation was 1.4-4.4 mumol. Gomisin A, with an ED50 of 1.4 mumol, showed the strongest inhibitory effect. Furthermore, at 5 mumol/mouse, it markedly suppressed the promotion effect of TPA (2.5 micrograms/mouse) on skin tumor formation in mice following initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (50 micrograms/mouse). It is assumed that the inhibition of tumor promotion by gomisin A is due to its anti-inflammatory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Protective effects of TJ-960 herbal mixture on hippocampal neuron damage induced by cobalt focus in the cerebral cortex of rats.

In the cobalt focus experimental epilepsy model, severe hippocampal neuron damage occurs with marked EEG changes. The effects of TJ-960, a herbal medicine formulation, were studied on neuron damage in the CA1 area of rat hippocampus. Continuous oral administration of TJ-960 from one month prior to the cobalt application showed almost complete protection against hippocampal neuron damage induced by cobalt application to the cerebral cortex. TJ-960 also completely inhibited the EEG changes as well as the brain edema induced by cobalt application.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Determination of gomisin A (TJN-101) and its metabolite in rat serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

Gomisin A (TJN-101) is one of the lignan components isolated from Schisandra Fruits. A high sensitive and precise method for the determination of TJN-101 and its major metabolite (Met. B) in the rat serum was developed by selected ion monitoring (SIM) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a fused silica capillary column (SPB-1, Supelco). A 100 microliter serum sample was used for the solid phase extraction. The calibration curves of TJN-101 and Met.B both showed a good linearity between 2.0 and 2000.0 ng/ml. The analytical precision (intra-assay, C.V. less than 4.7%), recoveries (98.4 +/- 10.1%), and detection limit (2 ng/ml) of TJN-101 indicated that this system was suited for the determination of TJN-101 in biological fluid. In case of Met.B, the same results as TJN-101, were obtained. After oral administration of TJN-101 at a dose of 10 mg/kg to male rats, the average values of the maximal serum concentration of TJN-101 and Met.B were 1446.1 +/- 131.8 and 317.4 +/- 18.5 ng/ml, respectively. The serum concentrations of these substances could be monitored sufficiently for 8 h after dosing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the metabolic fate of gomisin A (TJN-101). I. Absorption in rats].

Gomisin A (TJN-101) is one of the lignan components isolated from Schisandra Fruits and expected to have some efficacies in clinical treatment of hepatitis. The serum concentrations of TJN-101 and Met. B, which was identified as a demethylenated substance and one of the major metabolites of TJN-101 in rats, were investigated. After intravenous administration at doses of 1.6, 4.0 and 10 mg/kg of body weight, the serum concentration of TJN-101 decreased biphasically, and the terminal elimination half-life at each dose was about 70 min. Dose-dependency was observed for the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). On the other hand, the serum concentration of TJN-101 increased rapidly and reached maximum within 15 to 30 min when administered orally. This result was supported by the in situ roop method. The Cmax and the AUC values were not exactly dose-dependent, but the values increased with a dose-up of TJN-101. The biotransformation of TJN-101 to Met. B, was very rapid in both intravenous and oral administrations. The AUC value of Met. B after oral administration of TJN-101 at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg was relatively larger than any other dosages. It suggested that TJN-101 was extensively underwent the first pass effect in rats. More than 80% of TJN-101 was bound with rat serum protein in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to pay attention when it was administered concurrently with high protein binding drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the metabolic fate of gomisin A (TJN-101). II. Absorption and excretion in CCl4 treated rats].

The absorption and excretion of gomisin A (TJN-101) in rats whose livers were injured by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were investigated. After intravenous administration of TJN-101 at a dose of 5 mg/kg, the terminal elimination half-life was 1.5 h in the CCl4-treated rats, which was two times that in normal rats. The mean area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) value of TJN-101 in the CCl4-treated rats was twice that in normal rats, and this difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Therefore, the total body clearance of TJN-101 in the CCl4-treated rats decreased less than half of that in normal rats. Similar results were observed when it was administered orally. In the CCl4-treated rats, the serum concentration of Met. B, which was identified as a demethylenated substance and one of major metabolites, tended to decrease more than that in normal rats. On the other hand, the cumulative biliary excretion ratio of TJN-101 in 24 h after dosing in the CCl4-treated rats was 2.5 times that in normal rats. The excretion rate of Met. B in the bile in the CCl4-treated rats tended to be delayed. However, the quantitative variance of biliary excretion of Met. B was not found in both groups. The urinary excretion of TJN-101 or Met. B in 72 h after dosing in the CCl4-treated rats was lower than that in normal rats. Similar results were also observed in excretion in the feces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Automatic monitoring system for the measurement of body weight, food and water consumption and spontaneous activity of a mouse.

The simultaneous recording system for body weight, food and water consumption and behavior (spontaneous motor activity and drinking and feeding behavior) of a mouse was developed. The body weight and food consumption were measured by force transducers. Food and water consumption and drinking and feeding behavior were measured by an infrared luminous diode and a phototransistor. Spontaneous motor activity was measured by photosensors. The system control and data acquisition were performed by using a personal computer. Every parameter could be monitored with a desired time interval. All the data collected by this system revealed apparent circadian rhythm. In conclusion, this system would be a powerful tool for pharmacological and/or toxicological research.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cycloheximide on delayed neuronal death in rat hippocampus.

The effect of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, on hippocampal selective neuronal death was morphologically studied in rats subjected to 10 min forebrain ischemia using a 4-vessel occlusion model. Neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subfield 72 h after ischemic insult was dramatically decreased by the lasting inhibition of protein synthesis through consecutive administration of cycloheximide. Cycloheximide, which was administered once within the first 24 h of recirculation, showed protective action on ischemic cell necrosis and its most potent effect was observed when injected at 12 h of post-ischemia. After 36 h of recirculation, however, treatment with cycloheximide could no longer prevent cell death. The possibility is considered that hippocampal delayed neuronal death following transient ischemia is caused by abnormal protein(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fractionation and characterization of mitogenic and anti-complementary active fractions from kampo (Japanese Herbal) medicine "juzen-taiho-to".

"Juzen-Taiho-To" (TJ-48), which is a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine prepared by decocting a prescription of ten kinds of herbs, has several immunostimulating activities. In order to characterize the active substances for anti-complementary and mitogenic activities, TJ-48 was fractionated. Anti-complementary activity was observed in the water- and methanol-insoluble fraction (F-2) and the crude polysaccharide fraction (F-5), whereas mitogenic activity was only found in F-5. However, other low molecular mass fractions did not show both activities. Methylation analysis indicated that F-2 mainly contained amylopectin-like polysaccharides. Both Pronase digestion and periodate oxidation decreased the anti-complementary activity of F-2, and the beta-amylase-resistant fraction of F-2 still retained the potent anti-complementary activity. When F-5, which has the most potent of both activities, was further fractionated, only the major acidic polysaccharide fraction, F-5-2, showed potent mitogenic activity. Endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase digestion showed that F-5-2 mainly contained pectic polysaccharides, and the endo-polygalacturonase treatment of F-5-2 reduced the mitogenic activity but not the anti-complementary activity. F-2 and F-5 each activated the complement system by a different mode of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of gomisin A (TJN-101) on the arachidonic acid cascade in macrophages.

It has been reported that leukotrienes (LTs) may play a role in inflammatory liver diseases, and several inhibitors of LTs show an inhibitory effect on experimental liver injuries. In this study, the effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101), which is a lignan component of schisandra fruits, on the arachidonic acid cascade in macrophages was examined to explain the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of TJN-101 on liver injuries. The production of leukotriene B4 was suppressed by treatment with TJN-101, while the activity of 5-lipoxygenase was not affected. The release of arachidonic acid from macrophages stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe or the Ca++ ionophore A23187 was suppressed by treatment with TJN-101. The activity of phospholipase A2 was not affected by treatment with TJN-101. These results suggested that TJN-101 produces an inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of LTs by preventing the release of arachidonic acid, and it was thought that the preventive effect on the arachidonic acid cascade may be partially associated with the inhibitory effect of TJN-101 on liver injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of gomisin A on immunologic liver injury in mice.

The hepatoprotective effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101), which is a lignan compound isolated from Schizandra fruits, was studied on three immunologic liver injury models in mice. The first liver injury model was produced by the injection of anti-basic liver protein (BLP) antibody into DBA/2 mice which had been previously immunized with rabbit IgG (RGG). Other models were effected by injection of anti-liver specific protein (LSP) antibody into DBA/2 mice or by the injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into ddY mice pretreated with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum). TJN-101 inhibited the elevation of transaminase (GOT and GPT) activities and showed the tendency to inhibit the histopathological changes of the liver in all models. Moreover, TJN-101 inhibited deoxycholic acid-induced release of transaminase from cultured rat hepatocytes in vitro, but did not affect the formation of hemolytic plaque forming cells in immunized mice spleens and hemolytic activity of guinea pig complement in immunohemolysis reaction. These results, therefore, suggested that the hepatoprotective effect of TJN-101 could be related to the protecting effect of hepatocyte plasma membrane rather than the inhibiting effects of the antibody formation and complement activity.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of entadamide A and entadamide B isolated from Entada phaseoloides and their inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase.

Two new sulfur-containing amides, entadamide A (1) and entadamide B (2), isolated from the seeds of Entada phaseoloides, were synthesized by the addition reaction of methanethiol to propiolic acid (5) followed by condensation with ethanolamine by the use of dicyclohexylcarbadiimide. These compounds inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase activity of RBL-1 cells at 10(-4) g/ml. This finding suggests that entadamides A and B may be examples of a new type of antiinflammatory drug.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1989

Rat epidermal growth factors: purification and tissue content.

Rat epidermal growth factor (rEGF) was isolated from the submaxillary gland of male rat by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The binding of purified rEGF to human carcinoma cells (A-431) and its tritiated thymidine uptake on rat epidermal fibroblast cells (FR) were almost the same as those of purified commercially available mouse EGF (mEGF). Antisera to rEGF was raised in rabbits and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established. The assay range of the RIA was about 1.0 to 100 ng/ml. The within assay coefficients of variation were 5 to 10%, while the between assay coefficients of variation were 5 to 13%. The tissue content of rEGF of male rats (10 weeks old) was examined. As a result, the submaxillary gland was found to contain a very high concentration of rEGF (214 micrograms/g wet tissue) as predicted, and digestive tissues, stomach, intestine and duodenum contained 2.49, 3.57, 9.44 ng/g wet tissue, respectively. The amounts in prostate and seminal vesicle were relatively high, being 65.6 and 2,268 ng/g wet tissue, respectively. The amount in the submaxillary gland increased markedly after 7 weeks of age. These results suggest that EGF is an important factor in gonadal function.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of gomisin A (TJN-101), a lignan compound isolated from Schisandra fruits, on liver function in rats].

TJN-101 [+)-(6S, 7S, R-biar)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy- 6,7-dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-dibenzo [a, c] cyclooctenol) is one of the lignan compounds isolated from Schisandra fruits. When TJN-101 was administered orally at the doses of 3-100 mg/kg/day for 4 days, bile secretion, hepatic excretion of dye or hepatic hemodynamics 24 hr after the last dose was investigated in comparison with the phenobarbital (100 mg/kg/day)-treated group. Bile flow was dose-dependently increased; in contrast, biliary concentration of bile acids was decreased in TJN-101 (30 and 100 mg/kg/day)-treated groups. Similar changes were also observed in the phenobarbital-treated group. These results suggested that the enhancement of bile secretion caused by TJN-101 or phenobarbital was due to an increase of a bile acid-independent fraction. In the bromosulfophthalein (BSP) clearance test for liver function, both TJN-101 (30 and 100 mg/kg/day) and phenobarbital accelerated the disappearance from the blood and biliary excretion of BSP. Hepatic hemodynamics was examined by the hydrogen clearance method and measurement of liver wet and dry weight. Liver blood flow tended to increase in the TJN-101 (10-100 mg/kg/day) or phenobarbital-treated group. On the other hand, TJN-101 (3-100 mg/kg/day) or phenobarbital hardly altered the water content of the liver. These results suggested that the liver enlargement caused by both compounds was not accompanied with hepatic edema and that the enhancement of bile secretion or hepatic excretion of BSP might be related to an increase of liver blood flow.

Animals↗