Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Agarwal.
We report herein a rare case of epithelioid sarcoma, in a 39-year old lady involving the sciatic nerve. Clinically and radiologically it stimulated a nerve sheath tumor. Involvement of a nerve by an epithelioid sarcoma is extremely uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an epithelioid sarcoma involving the sciatic nerve and needs documentation.
Lipomedulloblastoma is regarded as a distinct entity that occurs exclusively in adults and has a low proliferative potential and a favorable outcome. We describe a rare case of lipomedulloblastoma in a 6-year-old female child showing a high labeling index that needs documentation. The various hypotheses of adiposal change are discussed.
We report a case of non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma within the bony base of an implanted acetabular cup of a total hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis was made while revising a loose prosthesis and treatment of a non-union of a periprosthetic fracture. This case demonstrates that it is important to consider tumour development in differential diagnoses of pain originating in and around a loose prosthesis. It also illustrates the need for better understanding of the relationship between haematopoietic malignancies and possible carcinogenic effects of implant debris.
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A rare case of unstable hamatometacarpal joint fracture-dislocation in a gymnast is presented. It was treated conservatively with successful outcome.
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Fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger), when subjected to steam distillation, yielded ginger oil in which curcumene was found to be the major constituent. The thermally labile zingiberene-rich fraction was obtained from its diethyl ether extract. Column chromatography of ginger oleoresin furnished a fraction from which [6]-gingerol was obtained by preparative TLC. Naturally occurring [6]-dehydroshogaol was synthesised following condensation of dehydrozingerone with hexanal, whereas zingerone and 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)butane were obtained by hydrogenation of dehydrozingerone with 10% Pd/C. The structures of the compounds were established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass (EI-MS and ES-MS) spectral analysis. The test compounds exhibited moderate insect growth regulatory (IGR) and antifeedant activity against Spilosoma obliqua, and significant antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Among the various compounds, [6]-dehydroshogaol exhibited maximum IGR activity (EC50 3.55 mg ml-1), while dehydrozingerone imparted maximum antifungal activity (EC50 86.49 mg litre-1).
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BACKGROUND: The aim of the present paper was to study the spectrum of choledochal cysts and analyse the results of various surgical procedures. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken, at University Hospital, Varanasi, India, of 10 patients with choledochal cyst who presented between January 1996 and June 2000. The patients had a median age at presentation of 16.0 years (interquartile range (IQR): 13.75 years). All patients underwent ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography for confirmation of diagnosis. Cyst excision was performed in eight patients followed by reconstruction by hepaticoduodenostomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in four patients each. Two patients underwent cystoduodenostomy. RESULTS: One patient who underwent hepaticoduodenostomy had a minor leak that responded to conservative management. All patients were asymptomatic at a median follow up of 36.5 months (IQR: 31 months). CONCLUSIONS: There is a changing trend in the commonest mode and age of presentation; fewer patients are presenting with the classical triad and the mean age of presentation is higher. Reconstruction by hepaticoduodenostomy is equally effective, more physiological and less time consuming as compared to hepaticojejunostomy, if the anastomosis can be achieved without tension.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of Gardnerella vaginalis in interstitial cystitis (IC), using molecular methods to avoid difficulties with the culture and recovery of viable organisms, and the problems associated with the recovery of low numbers of culturable organisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three bladder biopsy samples (29 paraffin-embedded and four freshly frozen) from patients with IC, diagnosed according to National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria, were assessed. Biopsy samples were used as urine samples may be contaminated by normal vaginal flora. A positive control comprised a 'normal' biopsy sample from a patient with a previous bladder tumour, seeded with G. vaginalis NCTC 10915. Microbial DNA was extracted from all paraffin-embedded and fresh specimens, and subjected to in vitro amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with G. vaginalis-specific primers. RESULTS: The anticipated PCR product of 333 base pairs was obtained with the positive control, whereas none of the other biopsy samples showed positive amplification specific for G. vaginalis. CONCLUSION: As there was no G. vaginalis DNA in any of the samples from patients with IC, it is an unlikely candidate in the pathogenesis of IC.
Surgeons have the highest risk of contact with patients' blood and body fluids, and breaches in gloving material may expose operating room staff to risk of infections. This prospective randomised study was done to assess the effectiveness of the practice of double gloving compared with single gloving in decreasing finger contamination during surgery. In 66 consecutive surgical procedures studied, preoperative skin abrasions were detected on the hands of 17.4% of the surgeons. In the double gloving pattern, 32 glove perforations were observed, of which 22 were in the outer glove and 10 in the inner glove. Only four outer glove perforations had matching inner glove perforations, thus indicating that in 82% of cases when the outer glove is perforated the inner glove will protect the surgeon's hand from contamination. The presence of visible skin contamination was also higher in perforation with the single gloving pattern (42.1%) than with the double gloving pattern (22.7%). An overwhelming majority of glove perforations (83.3%) went unnoticed. Double gloving was accepted by the majority of surgeons, especially with repeated use. It is recommended that double gloves are used routinely in all surgical procedures in view of the significantly higher protection it provides.
Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant for which the entire genome sequence is available, was also among the first plant species from which Hsp100 proteins were characterized. The Athsp101 complementary DNA (cDNA) corresponds to the gene identification At1g74310 in the Arabidopsis genome sequence. Analysis of the genome revealed 7 additional proteins that are variably homologous with At1g74310 throughout the entire amino acid sequence and significant similarities or identities in the signature sequences conserved among Hsp100 proteins. Although AtHsp101 is cytoplasmic, 5 of the 7 related proteins have predicted plastidial localization signals. This complete description of the AtHsp100 family sets the stage for future research on expression and function.
Vitamin C and D levels in Arab women and their newborn infants have been shown to be low. We investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for possible hypovitaminosis C and D in a convenience sample of 51 hospitalized children without clinical features of vitamin C or D deficiency. The mean age was 15.4 months. The serum vitamin C concentration was low in the mothers but normal in the children. Both mothers and children had low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations. Fifty per cent of the mothers and 22% of the infants and children had hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-OHD level < 25 nmol/l). Infants who received dietary vitamin D supplementation had a higher mean (SD) serum 25-OHD concentration than the unsupplemented group (62.5 (29.8) vs 38.5 (27.3), p = 001). Cutaneous light exposure in these children was poor. The children's serum 25-OHD concentration correlated with dietary vitamin D supplementation and maternal serum 25-OHD levels. The results suggest normal vitamin C status but a possible high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Arab children and their mothers in UAE. Health education to encourage greater sunshine exposure and improvement in maternal vitamin D stores and the availability of adequate vitamin D supplements would improve children's vitamin D status. The study indicates that hypovitaminosis D continues to be an important maternal and child health problem, despite the abundant sunshine.
The case report of a 55-year-old male suffering from primary hepatic hydatid cyst with intrathoracic extension is described along with management of the case and review of literature.
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