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Biomedical subjects

M Agrawal

Publications and source records attributed to M Agrawal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Management of alimentary tract duplication in children.

Duplication of the alimentary tract is rare but potentially dangerous. Five of 72 children with alimentary tract duplication treated between 1973 and 1992 died from postoperative complications; a further ten required more than one operation. Ileal duplications were the commonest, occurring in 16 patients (22 per cent). Thoracoabdominal duplications were the most complicated and responsible for much of the overall morbidity and mortality. Surgical complications were related to the size and location of the duplication, communication with the gastrointestinal tract or vertebral canal, presence of heterotopic gastric mucosa and involvement of mesenteric vessels. Complete excision of the duplication should be possible in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Meconium ileus due to extensive intestinal aganglionosis.

Seven full-term infants with aganglionosis extending into the small bowel presented with clinical, radiological, and operative features of meconium ileus. Misdiagnosis resulted in inappropriate treatment. The correct diagnosis was eventually established by rectal suction biopsy, mostly after either recurrent intestinal obstruction or stomal dysfunction, and after cystic fibrosis had been excluded. For two patients, the results of rectal suction biopsies were initially misleading. Two infants died. Extensive intestinal aganglionosis should be considered a rare possibility in all infants with meconium ileus. In such cases, histological examination of the appendix may avoid this potential pitfall.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

An indirect immunoperoxidase assay for rapid serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

An easy, inexpensive and rapid indirect immunoperoxidase assay for serodiagnosis of Kala-azar (VL) has been tried using whole promastigotes of L. donovani in dried smear form as antigen. A total of 138 sera were tested including sera from parasite positive cases of VL (32), normal controls from endemic (20) and non-endemic (20) areas, cases of tuberculosis (10), leprosy (10), amoebic hepatitis (10), malaria (10) and tropical splenomegaly (26). All the positive control sera were positive in very high dilutions of serum ranging from 1/500 to 1/64,000. None of the sera with other diseases were positive by this method except 3 cases with tropical splenomegaly were positive in low titres. No other cause could be established in these cases for splenomegaly. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 100 and 95.3% respectively. Predictive values of the negative and positive tests were 100 and 86.5% respectively.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Beliefs about the world and recovery from myocardial infarction.

Seventy male, Hindu Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients were interviewed twice--4 to 5 days after their first heart attack (Time 1) and a month after their first heart attack (Time 2). The patients' beliefs about the world (world beliefs), about the causes of the disease (causal beliefs), and about the factors contributing to their recovery (recovery beliefs) were measured. Each category of beliefs was concerned with three domains: karma, God, and just world (or self). The patients' physical and psychological recovery was evaluated. World and recovery beliefs were intercorrelated, but these beliefs were only weakly correlated with causal beliefs. Furthermore, world beliefs and recovery beliefs were positively associated with recovery from MI at both Time 1 and Time 2. Attribution of causality to God was negatively correlated with medical recovery, perceived recovery, and mood state at Time 2. This trend was in the reverse direction for attribution of causality to self.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Antioxidant potential of specific estrogens on lipid peroxidation.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in postmenopause. Estrogen administration in postmenopause lowers the risk of CHD by 50%. A variety of estrogen preparations are currently used in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. It is unknown, however, if structural differences in the estrogen molecule influence the cardioprotective effects of estrogens. In this communication we have shown that equine estrogens (especially equilin) exhibit higher antioxidant potency (as measured by fatty acids and sterols oxidation) when compared to estrone and estradiol-17 beta.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1993

Albendazole.

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Albendazole↗
PubMed1993

Acyclovir.

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Acyclovir↗
PubMed1993

Cholesterol peroxidation potential as influenced by dietary fat type.

Oxidation of lipoproteins is believed to play a key role in atherogenesis. In this study, influence of two fat vehicles, corn oil (unsaturated) or beef tallow (saturated), on cholesterol induced effects in terms of a) plasma lipoprotein peroxidation and b) aortic accumulation of cholesterol, cholesterol oxide and malonaldehyde was investigated in weanling rabbits. Although the increase in plasma cholesterol induced by cholesterol feeding was similar in both the groups Cu2+ ion induced peroxidation of lipoprotein cholesterol to oxysterols was significantly higher in corn oil group. This difference persisted even at 5 weeks after switching to chow diet. Aortic content of cholesterol and cholesterol oxides was also significantly higher in corn oil group at the end of chow diet period. Aortic accumulation of malonaldehyde (detected by immunocytochemistry) appeared to be greater in corn oil group at the end of the study. These results suggest that fatty acid composition of a given diet during exposure to high dietary cholesterol can influence cholesterol peroxidation to oxysterols and its accumulation in aorta.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A clinico-radiological study of secondary mycoses in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Clinical and radiological differences were compared in Fungus positive (74) and negative (66) cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Cough, expectoration, dyspnoea, and fever were marked in former group than that of latter. Anaemia, leucocytosis, raised ESR, abnormal radiological shadows and mycetoma in healed cavity were also noted in significant number in fungus positive cases.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1990

Frequency of hyponatremia and nonosmolar vasopressin release in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The frequency and pathophysiology of hyponatremia were studied in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Of 71 hospitalized patients surveyed retrospectively, hyponatremia was observed in 37 (52%). Of 48 patients studied prospectively, 27 (56%) were hyponatremic. In 16 hyponatremic patients, volume status; serum and urine osmolalities; renal, adrenal, and thyroid function; and plasma vasopressin levels were assessed. Urine osmolalities were inappropriately elevated (mean, 377 mmol/kg of water) relative to serum osmolalities (mean, 268 mmol/kg of water). Four patients had moderate renal insufficiency. Plasma vasopressin levels were elevated in 15 patients, with the highest levels seen in patients who died (median, 7.08 pmol/L). Hyponatremia of multiple etiologies occurred in a majority of inpatients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, often following the administration of hypotonic fluids, and was associated with a 30% (8/27) short-term mortality.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Physiological responses of Vicia faba plants to sulfur dioxide.

Exposure of broad bean (Victa faba L.) plants to 270 +/- 32 and 670 +/- 45 micrograms m 3SO2 for 1.5 hr daily between 40 and 85 days of their ages resulted in an increase in their transpiration rate, water saturation deficit, phenol content, and peroxidase activity and a decrease in protein content. With the increase in number of exposures of plants to SO2, chlorotic and brown, necrotic visible injury signs were also developed in leaves. It was further noted that the magnitude of undesirable biochemical changes, which possibly helped in the formation of new pigment characteristic of necrotic tissue of SO2-exposed plants, was not totally dependent on the pollutant concentration.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Coagulase negative staphylococcal septicemia in newborns.

A retrospective analysis of 254 newborns having blood cultures positive for coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS), and admitted in the neonatal unit of a Rural Medical College Hospital over a period of five years, was done for various clinical and perinatal characteristics as well as antimicrobial sensitivity profile of isolates. Of them, 118 (46.5%) neonates had clinical evidence of sepsis with CONS as the only growth in blood culture, and were designated as having CONS septicemia. Majority of them were delivered in this hospital itself and by normal vaginal delivery. Preterms and LBW babies constituted 23.7 and 59.4% of total cases, respectively. Other high risk perinatal factors for infection were present in 66.1% cases. Approximately two third of these cases developed sepsis within first three days of life. Early onset sepsis was more frequently seen in neonates with history of assisted delivery or perinatal asphyxia. Overall mortality in these cases was 15.6%, being significantly higher in offspring of outside deliveries and normal vaginal deliveries, in preterm and LBW babies and slightly higher in presence of birth asphyxia. Only 15.3% CONS isolates were resistant to all routinely used antibiotics and sensitivity was maximum with gentamicin followed by ampicillin. A difference in sensitivity pattern of CONS causing EOS and LOS was also recorded.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal gastrointestinal perforation.

During the 7-year period from 1980 to 1986, 56 neonates with gastrointestinal (GI) perforation were treated in the Hospital for Sick Children, London. The overall mortality rate was 30%. The highest mortality rate (60%) was associated with gastric perforation, which in this series occurred only in premature neonates. Colorectal perforation carried the lowest risk of mortality (17%). The mortality rate from small bowel perforation was 35%. Prematurity and low birth weight were significant factors increasing the mortality rate from neonatal intestinal perforation. The predominant cause of perforation in the small and large intestine was necrotizing enterocolitis and the most common site of perforation was the terminal ileum. Mechanical ventilation was thought to be the cause of the perforation in four of the five neonates with gastric perforation. Primary anastomosis is a definite option in neonates who are stable intraoperatively. The mortality rate and in-patient stay for neonates who had primary anastomosis were less than for those who had stomas.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗