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Biomedical subjects

M Akhter

Publications and source records attributed to M Akhter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Aqueous extracts of husks of Plantago ovata reduce hyperglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes by inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption.

Plantago ovata has been reported to reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. In the present study, the efficacy and possible modes of action of hot-water extracts of husk of P. ovata were evaluated. The administration of P. ovata (0.5 g/kg body weight) significantly improved glucose tolerance in normal, type 1 and type 2 diabetic rat models. When the extract was administered orally with sucrose solution, it suppressed postprandial blood glucose and retarded small intestinal absorption without inducing the influx of sucrose into the large intestine. The extract significantly reduced glucose absorption in the gut during in situ perfusion of small intestine in non-diabetic rats. In 28 d chronic feeding studies in type 2 diabetic rat models, the extract reduced serum atherogenic lipids and NEFA but had no effect on plasma insulin and total antioxidant status. No effect of the extract was evident on intestinal disaccharidase activity. Furthermore, the extract did not stimulate insulin secretion in perfused rat pancreas, isolated rat islets or clonal beta cells. Neither did the extract affect glucose transport in 3T3 adipocytes. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of P. ovata reduce hyperglycaemia in diabetes via inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption and enhancement of motility. These attributes indicate that P. ovata may be a useful source of active components to provide new opportunities for diabetes therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Glyceride derivatives as potential prodrugs: synthesis, biological activity and kinetic studies of glyceride derivatives of mefenamic acid.

In order to reduce the gastrointestinal side effect, of mefenamic acid, its carboxylic group was condensed with the hydroxyl group of 1,2,3-trihydroxy propane 1,3-dipalmitate/stearate to give 3a and 3b. These compounds were evaluated for their gastric toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity by the carageenan induced paw oedema test and analgesic activity by the acetic acid induced writhing method. The release of mefenamic acid from the esters 3a and 3b was studied at pH 3, 4, 5 and 7.4 with direct analysis by reverse phase HPLC using acetonitrile:acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 3.5): methanol (40:25:35) at 1 mL/min. The prodrugs showed less hydrolysis at pH 5 compared to pH 7.4 indicating that the prodrugs do not dissociate at stomach pH but release mefenamic acid at pH 7.4 in adequate amounts. The hydrolysis studies were also performed in rat plasma. A higher plasma concentration of mefenamic acid was observed in animals treated with 3a and 3b compared to the animals treated with the parent drug, and even after 8 h the concentration of mefenamic acid was 2 times higher. The peak plasma concentration of mefenamic acid in animals treated with mefenamic acid was attained in 1.5 h compared with 2 h in the case of prodrugs treated animals. The prodrugs showed less gastric ulceration compared to mefenamic acid at 100 mg/kg, a severity index of 1.10, 1.22 being observed with 3a, 3b and with mefenamic acid a severity index of 2.37 was observed. The prodrugs showed better anti-inflammatory activity compared to the parent drug and analgesic activity comparable to the parent drug. These findings suggest that the prodrugs 3a and 3b synthesized might be used as biolabile prodrugs of mefenamic acid with increased bioavailability and less gastrointestinal side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptives on blood pressure and body weight.

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptive on blood pressure and body weight in young women. Two hundred volunteers were selected for the purpose. Of them, one hundred and forty were taking injectable hormonal contraceptive, DMPA for 3 to 5 years uninterruptedly. Rest forty subjects served as control using no contraceptive steroid. Blood pressure, systolic as well as diastolic, was measured by sphygmomanometer. Body weight was measured by weighing machine. It was observed that there were insignificant (P>0.05) elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure from DMPA use. But body weight of the experimental subjects was significantly (P <0.05) increased in comparison to that of the control.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia.

A 25 years old lady came to Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Mymensingh for ultrasonographic evaluation of gestational condition. Transabdominal ultrasonogram showed mal development of skeletal system with abnormally shortened limbs. This seems to be a case of achnodroplasia, which was proved subsequently true after termination of pregnancy.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed2000

Diet- or warfarin-induced vitamin K insufficiency elevates circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin without altering skeletal status in growing female rats.

To further characterize the skeletal role of vitamin K (K), markers of bone turnover, density, and strength were evaluated in rats with diet- or warfarin (W)-induced K insufficiency. One hundred two, 7-week-old, female rats were randomly assigned to low K (phylloquinone [K1], 20 microg/kg diet), control K (K1, 1300 microg/kg diet), low-dose W (W, 1.5 mg/kg control diet), or high-dose W plus K (W/K1, 10/100 mg/kg diet). Femur bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), plasma prothrombin time (PT) and prothrombin concentration (PC), and serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and skeletal alkaline phosphatase (sALP) were measured at baseline and days 20, 40, 60, and 80. Serum total osteocalcin (OC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and femur length (FL) were measured at baseline and day 80. Left femur OC was measured and biomechanical testing of the right femur and third lumbar vertebral body was performed at day 80. Low dietary K elevated circulating ucOC (17% higher than control; p < 0.0001) at day 80. Furthermore, in both W groups, essentially all circulating OC was undercarboxylated and femur OC was lower than control (p < 0.0001). However, there was no change in femur percent ucOC, suggesting deposition of less newly synthesized OC. No between group differences were observed in PT, ALP, sALP, FL, BMC, BMD, or bone strength. In conclusion, skeletal K insufficiency can be induced by W or diet manipulation. This does not hinder peak bone mass attainment in female rats; however, W causes less newly synthesized OC to be deposited in bone.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

Pitfalls of undetected patent foramen ovale in off-pump cases.

We describe pitfalls of a hitherto undetected patent foramen ovale during the conduct of an off-bypass coronary revascularization. Manipulation of the heart resulted in right-to-left shunt and severe desaturation requiring institution of cardiopulmonary bypass to close the patent foramen ovale and complete the revascularization.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Molecular analysis of the malR gene of Clostridium butyricum NCIMB 7423, a member of the LacI-GalR family of repressor proteins.

Deletion of a region of DNA 5' to a previously characterised malQ gene of Clostridium butyricum resulted in increased production of the enzyme activity encoded by malQ, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 335 amino acids. This protein was found to share 33% amino acid sequence identity with the Bacillus subtilis CcpA (catabolite control protein) repressor, 28% identity with the Streptomyces coelicolor MalR repressor, and 30%, 25%, and 21% amino acid identity with the Escherichia coli repressors GalR, LacI and MalI, respectively. The amino-terminal domain was predicted to be able to form a helix-turn-helix structure, and shared highest similarity with the equivalent functional domain from the E. coli LacI repressor. Interruption of malR by the generation of a frameshift mutation led to a 10-fold increase in MalQ activity. These data suggest that the identified open reading frame encodes a repressor of the C. butyricum malQ gene, and of the adjacent malP gene. The gene has, therefore, been designated malR, and its encoded gene product MalR.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting using the right gastroepiploic artery without pump.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility to operate on the right coronary artery and its branches utilizing the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). All cases were performed since May 1996. METHODS: A small mid-line incision including splitting of the lower sternum gave excellent exposure. The inferior surface of the heart was dissected to expose and stabilize the target vessel. The heart rate was controlled with a Diltiazem drip. CPB was not necessary in any case. The right coronary artery was bypassed in four patients, the posterior descending artery branch in five patients and the terminal circumflex of the left coronary artery in one patient. After grafting, patency of the anastomosis was demonstrated by Doppler echocardiogram. RESULTS: No patient had perioperative mortality or complications. No patient had recurrent angina. Color Doppler echocardiographic imaging studies before discharge confirmed patency of the graft in eight of ten cases. In two cases, the gastroepiploic artery could not be visualized. Angiographic visualization was positive in four out of five cases. CONCLUSIONS: The gastroepiploic artery is an excellent conduit for vascularization of the inferior aspect of the heart. The operation can be done using a minimally invasive technique and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. This approach seems especially applicable in selective reoperative cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Carbon monoxide fractions in cigarette and hookah (hubble bubble) smoke.

We studied the carbon monoxide (CO) fractions in hookah and cigarette smoke, using a carbon monoxide micro smokerlyzer (model EC50, BEDFONT, U.K.). Mean carbon monoxide fractions (% by volume) of hookah smoke, using domestic charcoal were 0.38 +/- 0.07 (large hookah; unfiltered); 1.40 +/- 0.43 (small hookah; unfiltered); 0.34 +/- 0.06 (large hookah; filtered); 1.36 +/- 0.35 (small hookah; filtered) and 0.41 +/- 0.08 (cigarette smoke). The highest fractions were obtained with small size hookah and increase in size of hookah (i.e., volume of air in water base, fire bowl volume, pipe length, etc.) reduced the CO fraction significantly (P < 0.001). The fractions of cigarette lie between large and small hookah. The fractions vary slightly with different varieties of tobacco, e.g., CO fractions with Dera wala tobacco are significantly low (P < 0.05). Use of commercial charcoal gives significant rise in CO fractions (P < 0.001). Comparison of filtered and unfiltered smoke shows no significant difference in values. We conclude that the CO hazard is as high with hookah smoking as with cigarette smoking.

Carbon Monoxide↗
PubMed1979

Bitter-sweet success.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reoperations with the right gastroepiploic artery without cardiopulmonary bypass.

The right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) has been utilized as the bypass conduit on the inferior surface of the heart with a minimally invasive approach. Fourteen patients had reoperative coronary bypass surgery for severely symptomatic single-vessel disease of the right coronary artery. All surgeries were performed since May 1996. A small mid-line incision including splitting of the lower sternum gave excellent exposure. The inferior surface of the heart was dissected to expose and stabilize the target vessel. The heart rate was controlled with a diltiazem drip. Cardiopulmonary bypass was not necessary in any case. The right coronary artery was bypassed in three patients, the posterior descending artery branch in ten patients, and the terminal circumflex of the left coronary artery in one. After grafting, patency of the anastomosis was demonstrated by Doppler echocardiogram. Two patients had left anterior descending artery (LAD) grafts with LIMA (left mammary artery) and RGEA grafts performed simultaneously with two port access incisions. No patient had perioperative mortality or complications. No patient had recurrent angina. Doppler color echocardiographic imaging studies before discharge confirmed patency of the graft in 13 of 14 cases. In one case, the gastroepiploic artery could not be visualized. Angiographic visualization was positive in seven cases; seven patients were not studied yet. The gastroepiploic artery is an excellent conduit for vascularization of the inferior aspect of the heart. The operation can be done with a minimally invasive technique and without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. This approach seems especially applicable in selective reoperative cases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: its effect on outcome.

The surgical outcome of patients requiring conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during myocardial revascularization using the less invasive surgical approach (LISA) was assessed. The LISA was recently introduced as a technique for complete myocardial revascularization without CPB. It combines avoidance of CPB with the versatility of a median sternotomy for access to all coronary vessels. We have previously demonstrated reduced risk-adjusted mortality and complications in off-CPB coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using LISA compared to standard myocardial revascularization. From January to December 1997, 1210 patients underwent isolated CABG at our institution. Of these patients, 832 (63%) were scheduled as on-CPB cases and 378 (37%) as off-CPB. Of the off-CPB patients, 48 were converted to CPB. Team A surgeons used LISA as their primary strategy for CABG whereas team B surgeons used off-CPB CABG in selected patients. Conversions were divided in three classes: Class I patients were converted when the surgeon considered complete revascularization impossible off-CPB; Class II patients were converted due to hemodynamic instability during the procedure; and Class III patients were converted due to graft malfunction, determined by flow measurements or clinical evidence. There were four deaths. All had perioperative infarctions and required intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Conversion to CPB occurred in up to 25% of patients scheduled for off-CPB CABG. When off-CPB cases are done using the comprehensive LISA technique and modern technology, conversion rates may be reduced to 11%. Conversion is in general well tolerated except when it is instituted for graft malfunction combined with hemodynamic instability or collapse.

Adult↗