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M Alavaikko

Publications and source records attributed to M Alavaikko.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Behaviour of dendritic reticulum cells possessing immunoreactive acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor in human lymphoid secondary follicles and in follicular-centre cell lymphomas.

In our previous studies acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) was shown to be a common characteristic of human squamous epithelia and dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in lymphoid secondary follicles. In the present study, the behaviour of ACPI-immunoreactive DRC in reactive lymphoid secondary follicles and neoplastic follicles of follicular-centre cell (FCC) lymphomas was compared by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The secondary follicles in reactive lymphoid tissues revealed a staining pattern characteristic of DRC comparable with the results of other studies. Contrary to this, the number of ACPI-positive DRC in the neoplastic lymphoid follicles was greatly reduced. This was occasionally accompanied by a weak reaction and in many cases the DRC were totally abolished. Moreover, morphological aberrations were observed in ACPI-positive DRC, especially diminution and shortening of dendritic processes. On occasion, ACPI-positive cell types were observed, which may represent intermediate forms between DRC and fibroblastic reticulum cells. Only one case--with a rather favourable clinical outcome (out of 41 follicular FCC lymphomas) exhibited an ACPI-positive DRC pattern comparable with that of reactive lymphoid follicles. Thus it seems that the ACPI-immunohistochemistry of DRC provides an additional tool for discerning the difference between reactive and neoplastic lymphoid follicles. This method is of particular value since it can be used with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. There was a tendency among the follicular FCC lymphoma patients towards a better survival rate for those with ACPI-positive DRC than for those lacking this cell type, although no statistically significant differences emerged from this limited material.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Occurrence of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in cells of the monocytic-histiocytic system. An immunohistochemical investigation.

Human tissues are known to contain two low molecular weight (MW about 12,000) cysteine proteinase inhibitors, i.e. an acid inhibitor (ACPI) with pI 4.7-5.0 and a neutral inhibitor (NCPI) with pI 6.0-6.5. ACPI is abundant in cornifying epithelial tissues and in the dendritic reticulum cells of germinal centres of the lymph nodes. NCPI is abundant in lymphatic tissue and is known to be synthesized and released by mononuclear phagocytes. In this report NCPI was localized immunohistochemically in the epitheloid cells of most sarcoidotic lymph nodes, in lymph node macrophages after lymphangiography and in alveolar macrophages, while no ACPI could be demonstrated in the same cells by similar methods. These inhibitors were not demonstrable in lymph node sinus histiocytosis. Peripheral blood monocytes did not exhibit any NCPI immunoreactivity. In occasional blood monocytes anti-ACPI serum gave a weak reaction, the specificity of which is questionable. These data suggest that studies on cysteine proteinase inhibitors reveal basic differences in the various histiomonocytic cells and possibly differences in their functional stages.

Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1985

Acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor, a new characteristic of reticulum cells in human lymphoid secondary follicles.

Reactive lymph nodes, palatine tonsils and thyroid tissues infiltrated with reactive lymphatic tissue were studied for the presence of immunoreactive acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI). A positive reaction for ACPI was found in germinal centres in all the above tissue types. The morphology and distribution of the positive cells indicated immunoreactivity in the dendritic reticulum cells (DRC). A positive reaction was also found in starry sky cells when a strong starry sky reaction was present in germinal centres. ACPI-positive cells of dendritic appearance were also found outside the secondary follicles in tonsillar tissue from cases of chronic or recurrent tonsillitis, especially between the follicles and the crypt epithelium, in some lymph nodes exhibiting a strong follicular reactive hyperplasia and in thyroid tissue in one case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A close anatomical and morphological relationship is pointed out between ACPI reactive dendritic cells and epithelial tissue. This is especially true of the tonsillar crypt epithelium and adjacent lymphoid secondary follicles. The tonsillar crypt epithelium sometimes formed a loose, web-like structure with enmeshed lymphoid cells, even reminiscent of dendritic compartmentalization of lymphoid secondary follicles. The results suggest that ACPI-immunoreactivity of DRC could be a function of the outer membrane of dendritic processes, and thus could be in some way a parallel phenomenon to the morphological expression of the well-established function of DRC in capturing antigen and immune complexes.

Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1985

The cleaved cell content of non-cleaved (transformed) follicular center cell lymphomas and its clinico-pathological significance.

The relationship of cleaved cell content and survival was studied in 122 patients with transformed small and large non-cleaved cell types of the Lukes and Collins classification for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The large non-cleaved follicular center cell (FCC) type showed higher contents of cleaved cells than did the others; the geometric mean value differed significantly from that of small non-cleaved FCC Burkitt type (p less than 0.0001) or non-Burkitt type (p less than 0.01) lymphomas. There was a tendency toward a better prognosis with large fractions of cleaved cells but no statistical difference was found. The prognostic characteristics of the neoplastic clone are better revealed by the predominant cell.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The reproducibility of the Lukes-Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in a retrospective reclassification.

In a retrospective reclassification of 148 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the reproducibility of the Lukes-Collins classification used was tested by comparing a joint diagnosis with that of each author separately. Thirty-six percent of the lymphoma cases were follicular center cell lymphomas, the figure being clearly lower than that of materials published previously. The relatively high portions of small lymphocytic and mycosis fungoides lymphomas (20 and 10% respectively) were also deviant findings in comparison to formerly published retrospective materials. In this reproducibility study the cases of disagreement were usually proved to have happened within lymphoma groups with an equivalent prognosis. An exception was the relatively high disagreement rate between the subclasses of small lymphocytic and small non-cleaved lymphomas, and this represents the most important finding clinicopathologically. The results of the study indicate that the Lukes-Collins classification as such does not cover the whole spectrum of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The studies published already give some clues as to the fact that distribution and cell types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas vary in different areas of the world.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors for non-cleaved follicular center-cell lymphomas and immunoblastic sarcoma. A Bayesian approach.

The Bayesian multivariate statistical method was applied to determine the relative strength and optimal combination of 17 variables in predicting survival of 151 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas assigned as non-cleaved follicular center-cell and immunoblastic sarcoma types according to the classification of Lukes & Collins. Considering all the factors simultaneously, the analysis showed that the combination of stage, Hb level and location of the lymphoma was included in the best predictive model at each survival time studied. Additional factors were erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocyte count and leucocyte count. Of the histological variables, only growth pattern and mitotic ratio in the biopsy specimen remained significant. At manually controlled computer simulation with these best indicators, this model would have given a correct classification for 69-78% of the patients at the 4 survival times studied. One can thus expect about 70% correct prognoses using this model.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Demonstration of immunoreactive acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor in reticulum cells of lymph node germinal centres.

Seven human lymph nodes showing different types of reactive change, were examined for the presence of acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. A clear positive reaction was found in the germinal centres. The staining pattern indicated immunoreactivity of the dendritic reticulum cells, but the possibility that other cells, particularly histiocytic reticulum cells, may also react with antiserum raised against ACPI cannot be excluded.

Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1983

Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel's disease).

A 62-year-old female with a 20-year history of small horny papules on the skin of the legs is described. Light microscopy revealed a hyperkeratotic papule with atrophic epidermis and a dense dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate with many cerebriform lymphocytes not earlier described in connection with hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (HLP). The electron-microscopic picture showed membrane-coating granules (MCG) and keratohyalin located in different cells, indicating that the disorder of keratinization in HLP is possibly caused by reduced co-operation between these cells and that the keratinization process occurs in the absence of MCG. Perpetual treatment with oral retinoid was successful.

Female↗
PubMed1982

The Lukes and Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. I. A histological reappraisal of 301 cases.

Cytomorphological categories of the Lukes and Collins classification could be recognized in 92% out of a retrospective series of 301 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The follicular center cell (FCC) group constituted the majority (54%). Certain differences between the cytological subgroups were observed as regards age and sex and the growth pattern. Follicular features in the growth pattern were found in 16% of the cases. The large cleaved FCC type behaved differently from the other FCC types in many respects. The occurrence of cleaved FCC lymphomas appeared to be exceptional in childhood. There were no small lymphocytic and plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphomas in children or young adults, and large non-cleaved FCC lymphomas and immunoblastic sarcomas were rare in these. In the small non-cleaved FCC group both the Burkitt type and the non-Burkitt type exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak under 10 years of age and another at age 60-70 years. Five convoluted lymphocyte lymphomas, between 2 and 29 years of age, were found in this series. The heterogeneous group of unclassified lymphomas included as a special case one lymphoma with deeply multilobated nuclei.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The Lukes and Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 2. A survival study of 301 patients.

In a retrospective study of 301 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients the clinical and prognostic value of the classification of Lukes and Collins was studied. A slight majority of the cases were of the follicular center cell types. Stages III-IV were found in 46% of the entire group at the time of diagnosis. The lymphomas showing follicular center cell types were frequently localized (63%). About 65% of all cases survived one year and about 45% five years. The females showed a better survival. The nodal lymphoma cases had the poorest survival. Two prognostically different subgroups of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were discerned. The more favourable group consisted of the small cleaved FCC type (five-year relative survival 74%), the small lymphocytic type (62%) and the plasmacytoid lymphocytic type (51%). The small non-cleaved FCC type, the large non-cleaved FCC type and the immunoblastic sarcoma type formed the other group with a less favourable prognosis. Mortality due to these types manifested itself to a level of 65% in the first two years.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Macroglobulinemia with abdominal symptoms caused by intestinal extracellular macroglobulin.

A 54-year-old woman had a marked splenomegaly, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. Her serum contained monoclonal IgM with lambda light chains, and lambda light chains were also excreted in the urine. Bone marrow and spleen punctures failed to reveal the classic morphological changes associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. A peroral jejunal biopsy disclosed homogenous extracellular material consisting of IgM, lambda and kappa light chains were demonstrable in a large number of the plasma cells and plasmacytoid cells in post-mortem specimens of bone marrow, spleen and some lymph nodes by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase techniques. The causes of the "discrepancy" between the serum findings and tissue findings are discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

[The radioprotective effect of iodine and its preventive action on renal calcification (author's transl)].

The protective effect of iodine against injurious damage caused by ionizing radiation was studied in 26 rats irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays as a single dose of 1000 rads (10 joule/kg). Twelve rats were pretreated 13 times every second day before irradiation. After irradiation they were treated daily during 21 days with 2.5 to 3.0 mg iodine given subcutaneously along with 9 mg Ca2+ (as gluconolactobionate) intramuscularly. In addition, they received 500 micrograms of iodine in their food daily. 67% of the iodine-treated rats remained alive after 30 days in contrast to 36% of the control rats which received Ca2+ only. 10 further rats which received neither iodine nor Ca2+ died within 3 to 5 days after irradiation. Deposition of calcium in the renal parenchyma was observed in 12 out of the 14 control rats, but only in 2 out of the 12 iodine-treated rats. It can be concluded from the results that iodine has a protective effect on ionizing radiation. It is assumed that iodine promotes the energy-conserving mechanism in mitochondria and also prevents the irradiation-induced decrease in calcium efflux.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity and DNA synthesis of lymph nodes cells in Hodgkin's disease.

Lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes in a case of Hodgkin's disease (mixed cellularity) were studied using May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG), acid naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), immunoperoxidase staining and lymphocyte surface markers, autoradiographic, and lymphocyte stimulation techniques. According to MGG staining and autoradiographic studies of lymph, node cells, small lymphocytes, intermediate lymphoid cells, and large mononuclear cells resembling in-vitro stimulated immunoblasts, Hodgkin's cells and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells formed a morphologically continuous DNA synthetizing series. A large majority of small lymphocytes from a lymph node were ANAE positive, thus being T-lymphocytes, and formed rosetts around large mononuclear cells and RS cells. Most RS and large mononuclear cells had ANAE positive spots in the cytoplasm, thus resembling T-lymphocytes more than diffusely staining monocytes. These cells did not contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and were muramidase negative. Both lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes responded strongly to PHA. The role of T-lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease and the origin of RS cells are are discussed on the basis of the findings.

Adult↗