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Biomedical subjects

M Aloisi

Publications and source records attributed to M Aloisi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Use of chronic sacral nerve stimulation in neurological voiding disorders.

AIM: Neurogenic low urinary tract dysfunctions unresponsive to medical and conservative therapy are difficult to manage. Nowadays they can be treated with Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS), even if clinical experiences reported in literature are still limited. METHODS: We performed SNS in 6 patients with neurogenic bladder: 3 patients had incontinence-urgency (1 myelitis, 1 multiple sclerosis, 1 autonomic polineuropathy) and 3 patients had urinary retention (1 incomplete spinal cord lesion, 1 operation for discal hernia T5-T6, 1 hysterectomy). RESULTS: Among cases with incontinence-urgency we achieved complete control of the bladder in 2 patients while in 1 patient the number of urinary losses was reduced of the 80%. In 2 patients with urinary retention we obtained complete recovery of the bladder function, while in 1 patient the number of cateterisms/die reduced of 50%, the urinary volume for micturion increased and residual urinary volume decreased. Results were unchanged during the follow-up (maximum 26 months), except for 1 patient in which a partial loss of effectiveness occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic electric stimulation of S3 sacral roots via an implanted neuroprotesis is therefore an effectiveness, save and promising therapeutic option in treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunctions.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed2000

ANCA in dialysis patients: a role for bioincompatibility?

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) have been described in patients suffering from systemic vasculitis such as Wegener granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and other pathological conditions. In this paper we report a greater incidence of ANCA in hemodialysis patients as compared to peritoneal dialysis patients, pre-dialytic uremic patients and non-renal patients; a possible role for dialysis bioincompatibility in ANCA generation was also investigated. METHODS: A total of 335 uremics in substitutive treatment (176 in hemodialytic treatment and 159 in peritoneal dialysis) were examined for ANCA positivity. A total of 189 patients with advanced renal failure in conservative treatment and 100 healthy subjects were used as control. The dialysis techniques were standard hemodialysis (n = 119), low volume hemodiafiltration (n = 26) and hemofiltration (n = 31). ANCA positivity was examined by immunofluorescence (IF): diffuse finely granular staining was considered as classical positive reaction (C-ANCA) and P-ANCA was diagnosed if a perinuclear staining was observed. EIA for proteinase-3 (anti PR-3) and myeloperoxidase-antibodies (anti-MPO) were also performed. RESULTS: In non-renal patients and in patients with pre-dialytic renal insufficiency none were found ANCA positive. In peritoneal dialysis patients all but one were ANCA negative with IF, with all EIA test resulting negative. In hemodialytic patients, a positive IF test was found in 26 (14.7%) for P-ANCA and in 5 (2.8%) for C-ANCA; using the EIA test 23 (13%) patients were positive for MPO and 12 (6.8%) for PR-3. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation with age, primary renal diseases, dialytic age, dialysis membrane materials was found; regarding the different extracorporeal dialytic techniques a higher incidence (p < 0.02) was detected in patients undergoing HDF Backfiltration of contaminated dialysate may induce ANCA via an increased cytokine generation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Histopathologic examination of the intervertebral lumbar disk. Evaluation of its usefulness and limitations].

A retrospective clinical-pathological review of 192 lumbar intervertebral discs removed via an interlaminar approach or percutaneous nucleotomy from patients suffering from sciatic pain was carried out in order to assess if routine examination is useful. Only for a case of our series, which showed ill defined features at preoperative neuroradiologic imaging, an intraoperative pathologic examination was necessary. Immunohistochemical study was never required. A routine examination with a hematoxilin-eosin stain was sufficient also to recognize postoperative scar in patients reoperated. In conclusion we think that routine examination of the intervertebral disc is a procedure which is not expensive and useful to assess the nature of the lesion in reoperated patients and in rare cases showing unclear radiologic pattern.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Adhesion molecules. Current aspects and clinical and therapeutic perspectives].

The study about the adhesion molecules pointed out their pathogenetic role in a lot of diseases within cardiological, nephrological, oncological precincts and in a lot of infectious diseases. Their role was in fact pointed out in the ischemic heart disease and in the reperfusion damage, in the glomerulonephritis, in the tumoural metastatic processes, in the infectious and inflammatory chronic processes. The Authors considered the recent literature and emphasized the therapeutic possibilities that such an experimental approach seems to suggest.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Dipsogenic factors operating in chronic uremics on maintenance hemodialysis.

Thirst and hyperdipsia of anuric chronic uremics on maintenance hemodialysis and the possible dipsogenic factors were studied. Exaggerated thirst was present in 213 (86%) of the 247 studied patients. It usually started 4-6 h after the end of the dialysis session, persisted during the whole interdialytic period and often disappeared during the subsequent dialysis. Hyperdipsia, as indicated by the high body weight gain (> 4%) in the interdialytic periods, was present in 33.6% of patients. The highest rate of increase of body weight occurred in the first hours following the end of dialysis sessions. Hypernatremia, potassium depletion, increasing plasma urea levels and elevated plasma angiotensin II levels were considered as the possible dipsogenic factors of a nonpsychic nature. Sodium is certainly of paramount importance for its obliged extracellular position, and when sodium intake is elevated, hypernatremia is very likely the cause of exaggerated thirst and weight gain in patients on hemodialysis. Potassium depletion may cause thirst in animals, but this condition is extremely rare in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, who often accumulate it. In these patients it is, therefore, unlikely that potassium depletion is a dipsogenic factor. Increasing serum urea levels exert an evident dipsogenic effect in anephric rats and urea, when infused into normal volunteers, stimulates thirst. The extracellular urea levels in the interdialytic period are certainly higher than the intracellular ones, as a consequence of its continuous accumulation, and this creates an osmotic gradient with a dipsogenic effect. When this gradient is reversed, following hemodialysis (which removes first the extracellular urea), the dipsogenic effect disappears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The fate of newly formed satellite cells during compensatory muscle hypertrophy.

Compensatory hypertrophy was induced in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle by extirpation of the synergistic tibialis anterior. Injections of 3H-thymidine (2 muCi/g body weight) was given at 24, 48, and 72 h after the operation. In animals killed immediately after the last injection both satellite cell nuclei and true muscle nuclei were labeled, whereas in animals killed 4 weeks later only true muscle nuclei were labeled. The results are interpreted as indicating incorporation of newly formed satellite cells into the fibers during compensatory hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Intra-tissue specialization of skeletal muscle].

The appreciation and utilization of Histochemistry in Biology varied in the course of time, according to the development of new and more reliable techniques and according to the possibility of checking the results on the basis of rigorous biochemical research. It is well known that the need of histochemistry is best understood when the problem is that of individualizing single cells or groups of cells whose physiology (and biochemistry) is different from that of neighbouring other cells of the same nature, and when it is impossible or not desirable to fractonate such kind of cells or their operative substructures. One of the field of animal biology in which biochemistry has been very successfully applied is that of the study of the differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers, which derive from the fusion of many separate myoblastic cells with possible different genetic potentialities. In this connection, it appears sufficiently clear that the differentiation (or modulation) of fibres in fast and slow, red and white is largely dependent on epigenetic influences and particular on that of the type of neuron with which the fiber is connected. We have sufficient experimental evidence of change in type of muscle fibres following change of the neuronal part of the neuromyone (cross reinnervation, etc.). It is also possible that the neurotic influence is translated only as pattern of excitation and in so far it could be imitated by other sort of stimulation; on the other hand, it is also possible, particularly in young animals, that the state of the muscles and the physiological utilization of them in the whole complex animal behaviour (modifiable by experiment) could influence the differentiation of neurons in the fast and slow types. In any case, any established physiological differentiation among muscle fibres, particularly that reflected by different kinds of contractile proteins and of their ATPase activity, corresponds to a simmetrical differentiation, among motoneurons. In the case of pathology, the histochemical study of muscle fibres has become an unavoidable mean of diagnosis. But some criticism should not be neglected when we face the problem of inferring the nature (neurogenic or non neurogenic) of a myopathy only from the distribution of the lesions among the fiber types of a diseased muscle.

Animals↗