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M Altmannsberger

Publications and source records attributed to M Altmannsberger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Eccrine poroma. A clinico-pathologic and immunohistologic study with special reference to tumor cell differentiation].

In this study 15 eccrine poromas were analysed clinically, histologically and immunohistologically. They were all solitary lesions, showing a predilection for the head and neck. In none of the tumours was diagnosis possible on the basis of clinical examination. Histomorphologically, eccrine poromas were characterized by aggregations of neoplastic cells continuous with the epidermis. The neoplasms consisted of two cell types, poroid and cuticular. Poroid cells predominated, while cuticular cells were only found in small foci, sometimes showing tubular differentiation. Immunohistologically, most of the tumour cells showed a cytokeratin pattern (CK1, 5, 10, 11+, CK1-19+) favouring differentiation toward the abluminal cell of the dermal eccrine duct rather than toward the abluminal cell of the intraepidermal segment of the eccrine duct. Only a small proportion of cells revealed the immunohistological features of the abluminal cell of the intraepidermal duct (CK1+, CK1, 5, 10, 11+, CK1-19+). In addition, cuticular cells showed differentiation toward the luminal cell of the eccrine duct (CK19+, CK1, 5, 10, 11+, CK1-19+). Simple-type cytokeratins such as CK7 and CK18 were not expressed. In conclusion, our findings favour the hypothesis that ascribes the origin of eccrine poroma to a pluripotential stem cell of the transitional zone between the dermal and the intraepidermal segments of the eccrine duct.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed1991

Cytokeratin expression and vimentin content in large cell anaplastic lymphomas and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The immunophenotypes of 74 malignant lymphomas (9 Hodgkin's disease, 19 low-grade B-cell, 20 high-grade B-cell, 8 T-cell, and 18 large cell anaplastic lymphomas [LCAL]) have been characterized with antibodies against leucocyte differentiation antigens, keratin, and vimentin. All the non-LCAL were CD45 positive and keratin negative. The LCALs had a more varied immunophenotype, with CD45 present only in 11 of 18 cases and keratin present in 5 of 18 of these rare lymphomas. The lymphoid origin of these latter cases was proven by gene rearrangement studies. All LCALs were CD30+, and, where tested, vimentin positive. Of four different vimentin monoclonal antibodies tested, V9 and MVI stained the highest number of lymphomas. Positive staining of tumor cells was seen in 61 of 71 cases. Vimentin-negative cases included Burkitt's as well as some follicular lymphomas.

DNA↗
PubMed1991

Unexpected immunoreactivities of intermediate filament antibodies in human brain and brain tumors.

Immunoreactivities of 35 different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that detect intermediate filaments were studied systematically on serial cryostat sections of 14 well-defined human gliomas (five astrocytomas, three oligodendrogliomas, six glioblastomas) and on normal brain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, desmin, neurofilaments, and broad-specificity keratin MAbs, as well as MAbs that recognize several or only single keratin polypeptides, were used. Unexpected reactivities were surprisingly frequent. As these may lead to diagnostic confusion and misinterpretation on this material, the authors investigated these phenomena more thoroughly. Four major sources of artifactual staining were found: 1) positive staining attributable to the rabbit gamma G immunoglobulins used in the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique; 2) certain desmin and keratin MAbs cross-reacted with astrocytic glia and with other brain-specific epitopes; 3) technical difficulties; 4) some MAbs directed against neurofilaments and keratins showed unexpected reactivities only on individual anaplastic gliomas. The implications of these findings for intermediate filament typing of neuropathologic material are discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis due to E. coli. Description of an animal model.

Inoculation of Escherichia coli (serotype O:6) into the bladder of male and female Mastomys (Praomys) natalensis produced severe prostatitis. In this rodent both male and female animals possess a well developed prostatic gland. The histologic and microbiologic course of the prostatic infection resembled strongly the human disease. Acute bacterial prostatitis was followed by the development of chronic bacterial or nonbacterial prostatitis. The infection persisted in some animals for up to six months. Prostatitis was observed histologically in all animals sacrificed six months postinfection. Animals responded to the infection with a rise of anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. No major morphologic differences were detected in the histologic pattern of the inflammatory process between animals with positive and negative bacterial cultures and between male and female animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Metastasis of renal carcinoma colliding with glioblastoma. Carcinoma to glioma: an event only rarely detected.

This report presents the case of a 74-year-old woman who was simultaneously affected by two highly malignant neoplasms, a metastasizing renal cell carcinoma and a glioblastoma with sarcomatous component. Leptomeningeal metastasis of renal carcinoma is shown to invade the glioblastoma at its margin. Especially in gliomas, "cancer to cancer" phenomenomal are only rarely documented. Support by immunohistochemical data may prove those events to be more frequent than assumed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The coexpression of keratin and vimentin in untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the ENT tract].

Forty-four untreated squamous-cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract were examined immunohistochemically with antibodies against keratin and vimentin. Surprisingly, in 18% of cases, a coexpression of both intermediate filaments was found both in undifferentiated carcinomas and in highly differentiated carcinomas, where it was only possible to observe this phenomenon in the basal cell layer. The tumor-biological relevance of these findings must be the subject of further investigations.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[Significance of neuronal acetylcholine receptors as differentiation antigens in neuroblastomas and paragangliomas].

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to various epitopes of the alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit of the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AchR), two different immunohistochemical reactivity patterns--corresponding to different neuronal AchRs--were identified in ganglia of the peripheral and central nervous system. The immunoreactivity pattern of neuroblastomas and paragangliomas was identical to the pattern found in the peripheral nervous system and has not been encountered in any other tumor type. Both the intensity of neuronal AchR immunoreactivity and the transcription of the neuronal AchR alpha-gene seem to correlated with a higher degree of neuroblastoma differentiation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Neuroblastoma: inverse relationship between expression of N-myc and NGF-r.

12 primary neuroblastomas (NB) of different maturation stages, 2 ganglioneuromas (GN), and 2 neuroblastoma cell lines were analysed for RNA expression of the protooncogene N-myc and the gene encoding the nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-r) by Northern-blots, RNA-dot-blots and for receptor presence by immunohistological procedures. In 4 tumors with strongly elevated RNA expression of N-myc the NGF-r RNA expression was weak or absent. In all 8 tumors with highly increased NGF-r transcription no N-myc expression was detectable. These results, indicating an inverse relationship between N-myc and NGF-r expression, could help in establishing markers for differentiation, and thus prognosis, in neuroblastoma.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney expressing neurofilament proteins. Immunohistochemical findings and histogenetic aspects.

A malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) of the kidney was studied immunohistochemically using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. All tumour cells were marked by a vimentin antibody. Variable amounts of the tumour cells were stained by antibodies specific for neurofilament proteins. Keratin, desmin and GFA, however, were not expressed. Antibodies reacting with lymphohaematopoietic antigens as well as with normal renal tissue and renal neoplasms, especially Wilms' tumours, (BA-1, BA-2, BA-3) and an antibody directed against Tamm-Horsfall protein failed to stain the tumour. These results, especially the expression of neurofilaments demonstrated for the first time in a MRT, point to a derivation of the demonstrated tumour from the neural crest. Analysis of the heterogeneous immunohistological marker expression and of the different primary sites of MRTs suggest that these highly malignant neoplasms are a histogenetically heterogeneous group, irrespective of their characteristic light microscopic appearance.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Experimental chlamydial epididymitis.

Male Wistar rats were infected with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis by inoculation of chlamydiae into the vas deferens. Epididymitis was observed in all infected animals clinically and histologically. Chlamydiae were detected in the epithelium of epididymal tubules by immunohistochemical staining (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique). Inflammation progressed from the cauda to the corpus and caput epididymidis leading to fibrosis of the cauda epididymidis 28 days after infection. Animals responded to the infection with a rise of both serum IgM and IgG antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Chemically induced esthesioneuroepithelioma: ultrastructural findings.

Tumors of the olfactory epithelium of rats were induced with two different nitrosamines: 2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosopiperidine. Both carcinogens yielded identical tumors consisting of small, undifferentiated, neuroblastic cell elements without specialized cell contact. Cell processes contained microtubuli, centrioles, and neurosecretory granules. Two kinds of rosettes were encountered frequently: neuroblastic Homer Wright rosettes consisted of undifferentiated cells, surrounding a minute lumen filled with amorphous material; and Flexner rosettes showed a higher degree of maturation. Inside their central lumen, cell processes with characteristic features of olfactory sensory cells (basal bodies, cilia, centrioles, microtubuli) could be demonstrated. The stem cell of this tumor is most likely the undifferentiated light basal cell inside the olfactory epithelium, since its ultrastructural appearance and its cytoskeleton are alike. At least under neoplastic conditions, this stem cell may likewise differentiate into epithelial cells, since transition to squamous cell carcinomas has been observed. In view of their overwhelming similarity to their human counterpart, the induced tumors are most likely to represent esthesioneuroepitheliomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Coexpression of intermediate filaments in squamous cell carcinomas of upper aerodigestive tract before and after radiation and chemotherapy.

Frozen sections of 48 squamous cell carcinomas and seven undifferentiated carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract were investigated immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies specific for keratin, vimentin, desmin, neurofilaments, and glial fibrillary acidic proteins. In nine squamous cell carcinomas (19%) and six undifferentiated carcinomas (86%) obtained before treatment coexpression of keratin and vimentin was detected in some tumor cells by double immunofluorescence studies. Nine squamous cell carcinomas expressed neurofilaments in scattered tumor cells. Coexpression of vimentin or neurofilaments was seen especially in the peripheral cell layer of the tumor nests and did not seem to correlate with the degree of differentiation. Three undifferentiated carcinomas additionally expressed desmin, and one tumor contained neurofilaments. Glial fibrillary acidic proteins were not detected. Increased coexpression of keratin with vimentin, desmin, or neurofilaments was seen in some tumors that were studied before and after radiation/chemotherapy, suggesting that the intermediate filament profile of tumor cells can be altered by external influences.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

[Esthesioneuroblastoma: histogenesis and diagnosis].

Tumors of the rat induced by means of two different nitrosamines (N-nitrosopiperidine, 2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine) were analyzed with the light and electron microscope and by immunohistological investigation. The ultrastructural analysis showed mainly in the Flexner rosettes some clear characteristics of olfactory epithelium such as olfactory vesicles, cilia, and microtubules. With four exceptions, the immunohistologically investigated tumor cells showed no immunofluorescence after incubation with antibodies against intermediate filaments. The results resemble in all aspects the structures found in human esthesioneuroepitheliomas, so that it is reasonable to speak of an identical tumor. As the sensory cells of the normal olfactory epithelium as well as the light basal cells show a negative reaction with antibodies against intermediate filaments, too, the induced tumor is derived histogenetically from the olfactory epithelium and the light basal cell is assumed to be its stem cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Osteoclast-type giant cell tumour of the pancreas.

Two cases of osteoclast-type giant cell tumour of the pancreas (OGTP) are presented and compared with similar tumours of other locations and pancreatic carcinomas. One of the tumours was analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. The mononuclear stromal cells and osteoclast-like giant cells, which characterize this very rare neoplasm, reacted with an antibody against vimentin, but were not decorated by antibodies against lysozyme, alpha-1-ACHT, alpha-1-AT. Pleomorphic mononuclear cells in osteoid additionally contained osteonectin and could thus be identified as osteoblasts. Only the tumour glands stained positively with panepithelial keratin antibodies and antibodies against the keratin polypeptides 7, 18, 19. These results demonstrate for the first time the mesenchymal differentiation of the OGTP, which in some cases is also able to form epithelial structures. The immunohistochemical reactions and the characteristic morphology of the tumour show the OGTP to be an entity which must be differentiated from pancreatic carcinoma, especially from its giant cellular subtype.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Evidence for a hepatocellular lineage in a combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma of transitional type.

A combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) of transitional subtype and the surrounding cirrhotic liver tissue were investigated immunocytochemically by monoclonal antibodies specific for each of the keratin polypeptides 7, 8, 18 and 19. Different keratin subsets were found in different parts of the tumour. The hepatocellular component reveals keratins 8 and 18, with the bordering cells of trabecular formations additionally expressing keratins 7 and 19. The same keratins i.e. 7, 8, 18, 19 were found in normal bile duct epithelium as well as in cholangiocarcinomatous and transitional areas of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiation. Normal hepatocytes express only keratin 8 and 18. In cirrhotic liver some modified hepatocytes additionally express keratin 7. When ductal transformation is observed in the marginal parts of portal tracts and fibrous septa the keratin polypeptide pattern mimics that of bile duct epithelium. The cholangiocellular metaplasia of hepatocytes observed here correlates well with findings in hepato-organogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis and suggests that the transitional subtype of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma is a variant of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1988

Studies on the activity of a protease associated with cells at the advancing edge of human tumour masses in frozen sections.

A fluorescent probe has been employed to study the status of a tumour associated protease, guanidinobenzoatase, in frozen sections of human tumours obtained from the head and neck regions. The results indicate that in vivo a naturally occurring inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase effectively controls the activity of this enzyme on the majority of cells in a tumour mass. This inhibitor can be artificially displaced by formaldehyde treatment of the frozen sections and this treatment reveals the extent of latent enzyme in the section. In the frozen sections it was noticed that at the advancing edges of the tumour mass, the tumour cells possessed uninhibited guanidinobenzoatase, an enzyme known to degrade the link peptide between cells and fibronectin. It was shown that a synthetic inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase selectively inhibited the guanidinobenzoatase of the tumour cells at the advancing edge of the tumour mass. It is suggested that the guanidinobenzoatase on cells at the leading edge of the tumour mass plays an important role in the invasion of adjacent host tissue. This synthetic inhibitor of guanidinobenzoatase has no inhibitory action on other trypsin-like enzymes and might therefore be of value in limiting the growth of the tumour mass in vivo.

Aminoacridines↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition of guanidinobenzoatase by a substrate for trypsin-like enzymes.

Guanidinobenzoatase is a proteolytic enzyme capable of degrading fibronectin and is a tumour associated enzyme. Guanidinobenzoatase has been shown to be an arginine selective protease and is distinct from trypsin, plasmin and thrombin, the latter enzymes can be assayed with bis(carbobenzyloxycarbonyl-L-argininamido)-Rhodamine or BZAR. Guanidinobenzoatase is inhibited by BZAR when the enzyme is assayed in free solution and when the enzyme is cell-bound in frozen sections of tumour containing tissues. It is proposed that BZAR and its analogues may be of value in inhibiting tumour cell invasion in vivo and also that the selectivity of BZAR may be used to direct cytotoxic drugs to tumour cells possessing active guanidinobenzoatase.

Animals↗