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M Alvarez Fernández

Publications and source records attributed to M Alvarez Fernández.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparative efficacies of amoxicillin, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin in prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions.

We evaluated the efficacies of oral prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin (AMX), clindamycin (CLI), and moxifloxacin (MXF) in the prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions (BDE). Two hundred twenty-one adults who required dental extractions under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control group, an AMX group, a CLI group, and an MXF group (the individuals in the drug treatment groups received 2 g, 600 mg, and 400 mg, respectively, 1 to 2 h before anesthesia induction). Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at the baseline and 30 s, 15 min, and 1 h after the dental extractions. The samples were inoculated into BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and were processed in a BACTEC 9240 instrument. Subculture and the further identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The prevalences of BDE in the control group, AMX group, CLI group, and MXF group were 96, 46, 85, and 57%, respectively, at 30 s; 64, 11, 70, and 24%, respectively, at 15 min; and 20, 4, 22, and 7%, respectively, at 1 h. Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently identified bacteria in all groups (44 to 68%), with the lowest percentage being detected in the AMX group (44%). AMX and MXF prophylaxis showed high efficacies in reducing the prevalence and duration of BDE, but CLI prophylaxis was noneffective. As a consequence, MXF prophylaxis is a promising antibiotic alternative for the prevention of BDE when beta-lactams are not indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia].

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and prognostic characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients with E. faecalis bacteremia throughout 7 years (January 1995-December 2001). RESULTS: 95 episodes of bacteremia were documented, 83.2% with nosocomial origin, 85.3% associated to previous invasive procedures and 9.5% in neonates. 57.9% patients suffered an underlying disease and 41.1% had received previously broad-spectrum antibiotics without activity against enterococcus. 32.6% bacteremia episodes was considered primary and, in the rest, the most frequent associated sources of infection were cardiovascular, intra-abdominal, urogenital, and lung. The resistance study showed a single case of resistance to ampicillin and none to glucopeptides. Global mortality was 23.9%, although only in 9.9% was directly attributable to bacteremia. Inadecuate treatment and mechanical ventilation were factors of poor prognosis in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: E. faecalis bacteremia is in our environment essentially a hospital-acquired infection in patients with severe underlying diseases, subject to invasive procedures, and previously treated with wide spectrum antibiotherapy. Ampicillin continues to be the treatment of choice. Inappropriateness of the initial empirical antibiotic treatment and mechanical ventilation are factors of poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Lack of human herpesvirus type 6 DNA in CSF by nested PCR among patients with multiple sclerosis].

BACKGROUND: The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently unknown. Different viruses have tentatively been involved as causative agents of MS that would trigger an autoimmune response leading to demyelination plaques. There is controversy regarding the role that the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) might play in this condition, and high antibody titers have been detected to HHV-6. HHV-6 DNA has also been detected by PCR both in blood and cerebrospinal fluid by means of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry studies were performed with histologic specimens from the white matters of patientes with MS. All this has led some authors to incriminate this virus as the triggering etiologic agent of this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CSF specimens from 23 patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS were studied. The CSF specimens from 23 patients undergoing rachianesthesia were used as controls, and none of them had neurologic disorders. A nested PCR was performed in the collected specimens to detect specific DNA sequences of HHV-6. RESULTS: No DNA sequences of HHV-6, EBV, VZV, CMV and HSV were detected in the tested specimens. CONCLUSIONS: No HHV-6 DNA sequences were detected from CSF specimens of patients with MS. Further investigations on the association between HHV-6 and MS should be performed to elucidate the role of HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The prevalence of the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) in pregnant women in Alicante].

To assess the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus carrier status in pregnant women from the population of Alicante and to evaluate the need of screening studies in future programs of attention to pregnant women, 550 women at the final stage of their pregnancies who were admitted to the Alicante Hospital were evaluated with a questionnaire and the determination of specific markers. Our results disclose a lower prevalence (0.54%) than other studies; it was always associated with risk groups and indicators of high infectiousness were absent. Therefore, before other results are available, screening for the carrier state in all pregnant women does not appear justified except in risk groups. These results are limited to the city of Alicante, where most women attend the Hospital at the final stage of their pregnancies.

Adolescent↗