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Biomedical subjects

M Amano

Publications and source records attributed to M Amano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Assignment of the magnetic resonances of the imino protons and methyl protons of Bombyx mori tRNA(GlyGCC) and the effect of ion binding on its structure.

The magnetic resonances in the low-field H-NMR spectra of Bombyx mori tRNA(GlyGCC), corresponding to the hydrogen-bonded imino protons of the helical stems and tertiary base pairs, could be tentatively assigned by means of the sequential nuclear Overhauser effects. While B. mori tRNA(GlyGCC) does not contain the G19C56 tertiary base pair, the D20G57 base pair exists between the D and T loops, which was not found in the X-ray crystal structure of yeast tRNA(Phe). The effects of Mg2+, spermine and temperature on the conformation of this tRNA have also been examined based on the behavior of the assigned resonance signals. Mg2+ stabilize the D and T stems and the tertiary structure between the D and T loops. Spermine affects the resonances of the D and anticodon stems, and A23G9, but does not stabilize them. While the acceptor stem melts sequentially from both ends (G7C66 and G1C72) with increasing temperature, the anticodon stem melts from only one end (G39C31) and the G26C44 base pair is the most stable. In the tertiary structure between the variable loop and D stem, G10G45 melts first and G22G46 last. Yeast tRNA(Phe) has also been examined, and the results were compared with those for B. mori tRNA(Gly).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma beta-glucan levels in deep fungal infections accompanying hematological diseases and clinical efficacy of miconazole--a multi-institutional study].

Miconazole (400-1200 mg/day) was administered to patients with deep mycosis and suspected deep mycosis, and the efficacy evaluated. beta-Glucan was determined as the early diagnostic parameter of deep mycosis, and the relationships between the clinical efficacy of miconazole and the titers of beta-glucan were also evaluated. Forty-nine cases were evaluated, including 2 cases of deep mycosis and 47 cases of suspected deep mycosis. Most of the patients had hematological malignancies. The rate of efficacy was 100% (2/2) in deep mycosis, 66.0% (31/47) in suspected deep mycosis, and 67.3% (33/49) in total. beta-Glucan was determined in 39 cases before the administration of miconazole. The rate of beta-glucan positivity was 100% (1/1) in deep mycosis and 44.7% (17/38) in suspected deep mycosis. beta-Glucan was also determined before and after the administration of miconazole in 11 cases. The titers of beta-glucan became negative in 6 cases, decreased in 2 cases and increased in 3 cases. Thus, the beta-glucan titers became negative or decreased in 72.7% (8/11) of the cases. Efficacy of miconazole was 83.3% (5/6) in the cases in which beta-glucan became negative, 50.0% (1/2) in the cases in which the titers of beta-glucan decreased, and 33.3% (1/3) in the cases in which the titers of beta-glucan increased. Miconazole was effective in the treatment of deep mycosis, and the titers of beta-glucan correlated well with the clinical efficacy of miconazole. The determination of beta-glucan appears to be useful for the diagnosis of deep mycosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on as-triazine derivatives. XVIII. Synthesis of 5,6-diaryl-1,2,4-triazine derivatives as blood platelet aggregation inhibitors].

5,6-Diphenyl-, 3,5-diphenyl-, and 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine (as-triazine) derivatives were evaluated for inhibitory activity towards arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of rabbit blood platelet in vitro. Among the isomers, 5,6-diphenyl-as-triazine derivatives were active, therefore a phenyl substituent on the as-triazine ring at the 5- and 6-position was essential for the inhibitory activity. Thus, various 3-substituted 5,6-diaryl-as-triazines were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 5,6-diaryl-3-methylsulfonyl-as-triazines with O,N,C-nucleophiles. In the case of as-triazines having different aryl groups at the 5- and 6-positions, the compounds were prepared by the step-wise addition reaction of Grignard reagents with 3-methylthio-as-triazine. Among these compounds, ethyl 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-as-triazine-3-acetate (24a) and ethyl 5,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-as-triazine-3-acetate (24f) showed the most potent inhibitory activity, which was almost equal to the activity of anitrazafen.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Increased uncoupling of beta-, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor to myocardial contraction in failing human myocardium.

Coupling of myocardial beta-, beta 1-, beta 2- and alpha-adrenoceptors (AR) to myocardial contraction was investigated in patients with various degrees of heart failure. With the use of delta Vcfc, a load independent parameter of myocardial contraction, AR mediated contraction was evaluated. beta-AR mediated contraction, delta Vcfc by infusion of a beta-AR agonist, isoproterenol, declined with the advancement of heart failure from 0.41 Circ/sec (NYHA I) to 0.31 (NYHA II), 0.22 (NYHA III) and 0.12 (NYHA IV). Dobutamine, a beta 1-AR full agonist, mediated delta Vcfc was 92-97% of that of isoproterenol. On the other hand, terbutaline sulfate, a full agonist to beta 2-AR, increased delta Vcfc partially in comparison with isoproterenol; 51% in NYHA I, 52% in NYHA II, 36% in NYHA III and 17% in NYHA IV. An alpha 1-AR agonist, methoxamine had little effect on myocardial contractility beta-AR and alpha-AR densities were analyzed by saturation binding isotherms of myocardial membrane fraction with 125I-Iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) and 3H-Bunazosin, respectively. beta-1 and beta 2-ARs were separated by competition binding of 125ICYP with a highly selective beta 1 AR antagonist, CGP20712A. There was a progressive down regulation of beta, beta 1- and beta 2-ARs with the advancement of heart failure. A new index was used to examine coupling of ARs to myocardial contraction; Coupling Index. The index was slightly decreased in NYHA II in beta- and beta 1-ARs. In beta 2-AR, the coupling index declined as heart failure advanced from NYHA I to NYHA IV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Health status and care of the urban elderly].

In order to investigate the health and care of the urban elderly, self-administered anonymous questionnaires were sent to a sample randomly selected from the elderly 70 to 89 years of age, in 3 different areas (central, residential and suburban) in Wakabayashi-Ward in Sendai. Responses from 1,248 were returned by mail (response rate = 76.4%) and results were compared to the expected values estimated from the results of investigations conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. 1) As for present addresses of the elderly, 94.2% were at home, 3.8% in hospitals, 0.7% in nursing homes, and 1.3% in other facilities. 2) Responses showed that 28.4% were suffering from hypertension, 5.6% from diabetes mellitus, 2.2% from strokes and liver diseases, with all of these percentages similar to the respective expected values. However, 12.7% were suffering from heart disease which was over twice the expected value. 3) Analysis of health habits showed that the percentages of the elderly who had "good sleep and rest", "nutritious meal", and "moderate exercise" were higher than expected. Only 2.3% did not practice good health habits, which was one sixth of the expected value. 4) As for meal habits of the elderly, 88.3% had three meals a day, and 33.7% made efforts to take less salty foods. 5) Dietary habits of the elderly indicated that 83.8% were frequent consumers of meat, fish and soybeans products, 62.3% vegetables, 51.0% sweet confectionery (significantly higher), 49.2% milk (significantly higher), 22.3% fried foods like tempura (significantly higher), and 22.3% salty vegetables (significantly lower).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

[General pharmacology of cefepime].

General pharmacological properties of cefepime (CFPM), a new injectable semisynthetic cephalosporin and its metabolite N-methylpyrrolidine-N-oxide (NMP-N-oxide) were studied in laboratory animals. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. CFPM reduced spontaneous locomotor activity but potentiate the anesthesia at the highest dose in mice. Furthermore, significant hypothermia and analgesia were observed at the same dose in mice. No effects were found on the other CNS function in mice and rats or on EEG activities in rabbits. 2. Muscle relaxant activity was not observed in mice treated with CFPM even at the highest dose. 3. CFPM had no effect on the intestinal smooth muscle and did not show any antagonism against some smooth muscle contracting drugs. 4. The respiration, blood pressure, heart rate and ECG were affected by CFPM. Those changes, however, might have been principally caused by L-arginine blended with CFPM product. 5. No effect of CFPM on the intestinal movement or gastric secretion was found even at the highest dose of CFPM. 6. The pH neutralizer L-arginine caused alterations in the renal function and electrolyte metabolism but CFPM did not. 7. Whole blood clotting time tended to be lengthened by CFPM at the highest concentration but this effect seemed to have been caused by L-arginine. Other parameters of the coagulation system or red blood cell resistance were not affected by CFPM. 8. NMP-N-oxide, a metabolite of CFPM, had almost no effect on any of the tested parameters except for its slight effect on the circulatory system. These findings indicate that CFPM has scarcely any pharmacological properties which might be leading to severe adverse reactions in clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunocytochemical demonstration of salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II in the brain of masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou.

We have recently developed sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and have measured the contents of both GnRHs in the rainbow trout brain. Our results showed that contents of the two GnRHs are variable among different brain regions. Therefore, in order to confirm the differential distribution of the two GnRHs by a different technique, we examined the distribution of immunoreactive sGnRH and cGnRH-II in the brain of masu salmon by using immunocytochemical techniques. sGnRH immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies were scattered in the transitional areas between the olfactory nerve and the olfactory bulb, the ventral olfactory bulb, between the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon, the ventral telencephalon, and the preoptic area. These sGnRH-ir cell bodies were dispersed in a strip-like region running rostrocaudally in the most ventral part of the ventral telencephalon. sGnRH-ir fibers were distributed in the various brain regions from the olfactory bulb to the spinal cord. They were especially abundant in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, deep layers of the optic tectum, and thalamus. sGnRH-ir fibers also innervated the pituitary directly. cGnRH-II-ir cell bodies were found in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (nMLF). The distribution of cGnRH-II-ir fibers was similar to that of sGnRH-ir fibers, except that cGnRH-II-ir fibers were absent in the pituitary. The number of cGnRH-II-ir fibers was much fewer than that of sGnRH-ir fibers. The results of the present immunocytochemical study are in basic agreement with those of our previous RIA study. Thus, we suggest that in masu salmon, sGnRH not only regulates gonadotropin (GTH) release from the pituitary but also functions as a neuromodulator in the brain, whereas cGnRH-II functions only as a neuromodulator.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[An analysis of participation rates for health and cancer screenings in Wakabayashi ward of Sendai].

Persons who were non-employed as determined from the 1985 census were assumed to be the target population for health and cancer screenings, comprising 54.8% and 55.5% of both the male and female population over 40 years of age in Sendai and in Wakabayashi ward respectively. Similar mean participation rates were obtained for health screening from 1986 to 1989 of 24.0% in Sendai and 23.3% in Wakabayashi ward. However, mean participation rates differed for gastric cancer screening, being 18.2% in Sendai and 15.8% in Wakabayashi ward. Both screening rates increased from 1986 to 1989 in Sendai as well as in Wakabayashi ward. Rates for both screenings were high in the suburbs and low in metropolitan Wakabayashi ward. The target population for uterine and breast cancer screenings were 69.8% and 70.1% of women over 30 years of age in Sendai and in Wakabayashi ward respectively. Mean participation rates for uterine cancer screening from 1986 to 1989 were 33.8% in Sendai and 35.1% in Wakabayashi ward, and showed an overall decrease from 1987 to 1989 in both Sendai and Wakabayashi ward. The rate was high in the suburbs and low in metropolitan Wakabayashi ward. Mean participation rates for breast cancer screening from 1988 to 1989 were 13.9% in Sendai and 13.6% in Wakabayashi ward, with rates being low in both the suburbs as well as metropolitan. Wakabayashi ward in 1988 (the beginning year of the screening), but increasing significantly in the suburbs during the following year.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of the host matrix on the 57Fe-species produced through EC-decay in 57Co-labelled tris(phenanthroline) cobalt (II) perchlorate.

Emission Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of 57Co-labelled [Co(phen)3]clO4)2 in host matrices [M(II)(phen)3](ClO4)2(M=Co, Fe, and Ni) indicate that the relative intensities of the anomalous species produced through the EC-decay depend on the kind of the host matrix. The largest intensity was observed with the cobalt (II) matrix, and the smallest with the iron (II) matrix. Emission spectra of 57Co-labelled [Co(2-CH3-phen)3](ClO4)2 2H2O in the matrix of [Fe(2-CH3-phen)3](ClO4)2 were also studied. The high-spin state (5T2) was predominantly observed at 4.2 K in the emission spectrum, while the low-spin state (1A1) was mainly observed in the absorption spectrum at 78 K. The results are discussed in terms of the stability of the lattice.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical studies on pivmecillinam in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

Pivmecillinam (PMPC), semisynthetic penicillin for oral use, was studied clinically and following results were obtained. 1) Twenty-eight patients with acute simple cystitis treated with the drug 200 mg/day for 4 days, clinical results were excellent in 23 cases and moderate in 5 cases. Six patients with chronic simple cystitis treated with the drug 400 mg/day for 7 days, clinical results were excellent in 4 cases, moderate in 1 case and poor in 1 case. Eight patients with complicated urinary tract infections treated with the drug 400 mg/day for 7 days, clinical results were excellent in 2 cases, moderate in 2 cases and poor in 4 cases. Overall effectiveness amounted to 88.1%. 2) Pivmecillinam was clinically effective in patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3) No side effects were observed in all cases. The effectiveness of PMPC for acute simple cystitis was compared with that of talampicillin (TAPC), ampicillin (ABPC), amoxicillin (AMPC) and pivampicillin (PVPC) reported previously and PMPC was assessed as the most useful agent in these. Then, pivmecillinam should be chosen firstly as a chemotherapeutic agent for acute simple cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A simplified method for rapid determination of porphyrins by thin-layer chromatography.

Free porphyrins, especially copro-, uro-, and protoporphyrin, were successfully separated by talc thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and were determined from the relationship of the weight and the area of porphyrins in the spot on the thin-layer plate. The results obtained from both the solvent extraction and the simple, rapid TLC method reported in this paper showed good correlation for coproporphyrin levels up to 400 microgram/1. The TLC method was applied to the determination of urinary coproporphyrin in lead workers and in rats.

Adult↗