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Biomedical subjects

M Andĕl

Publications and source records attributed to M Andĕl.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Serum levels and urinary excretion of zinc in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes].

The objective of the work was to evaluate the basic parameters of zinc metabolism, i.e. serum levels and urinary excretion of zinc (Zn) in insulin dependent diabetes. The authors investigated a group of diabetics with normal renal function (DM) and with chronic renal insufficiency as a result of diabetic nephropathy (RIDM). Two control groups were formed by healthy volunteers (C) and non-diabetic subjects with chronic renal insufficiency (RI). In diabetics without impaired renal functions (DM) the Zn serum levels did not differ significantly from controls, urinary excretion was significantly raised. The authors did not reveal a correlation of serum Zn levels with parameters of compensation of diabetes nor with the insulin dose. Urinary Zn output correlated positively with proteinuria and the average blood sugar level during the collection of urine. The authors did not find a correlation with diuresis, fractional water excretion, glycosuria or urea excretion. The fractional Zn clearance in diabetic subjects was significantly raised and correlated with the mean blood sugar level. This finding suggests a decline of the tubular Zn absorption in hyperglycaemia. In diabetics with renal failure (RIDM) the results did not differ from non-diabetics with the same degree of renal insufficiency: serum Zn levels were, as compared with healthy controls, in both groups significantly reduced, the urinary excretion being normal. Thus insulin dependent diabetes nor its metabolic compensation do not influence in a marked way serum Zn levels but lead to higher urinary Zn losses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The early phase of development of myocardial infarction in diabetics].

The authors evaluated retrospectively the course of the early stage of symptomatic myocardial infarction (IM) with regard to the incidence and character of infarction pain and the clinical course of IM during hospitalization at the coronary unit (CU) in a group of diabetic patients (D, n = 67) and a group of non-diabetic controls (ND, n = 63). In the group D there was a higher incidence of painless IM (D 7.5%, ND 0%, p less than 0.05). The interval between the development of the first symptoms of IM and admission to the CU was significantly longer in diabetics (D 20 +/- 35 hours, ND 9 +/- 16 hours, p less than 0.05). IM in diabetics was more frequently complicated by left-sided cardiac failure (D 48%, ND 27%, p less than 0.05). As to other investigated complications the two groups did not differ significantly. Nor did they differ in the mortality during hospitalization at the CU.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis for requirements for oral antidiabetic agents in Bohemia].

The authors elaborated the prognosis of requirements of oral antidiabetics (PAD) in the CSR, based on the estimate of the number of diabetics, using the method of demographic projection and the estimate of the number of diabetics treated by this therapy. The respective numbers of diabetics are circulated for five-year age-groups, separately for men and women. The need of PAD is derived from the mean daily dose per diabetic patient treated with PAD, separately for biguanides and derivatives of sulphonyl urea. The prognosis respects the basic factors which influence the need of PAD, i.e. the development of the diabetic population, incl. the evolution of its structure, and the development of the attitude to PAD therapy. The application of various assumptions on the future development leads various to variants of the prognosis. Comparison with the actual development is important for evaluation of applied therapeutic methods and for planning purposes. The results of the prognosis indicate that in 1995 the need of PAD in the CSR will vary between 140 and 190% of the consumption in 1980, however, as a result of an uneven development the annual increment could be as high as 19% or there could be a slight drop.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Acute phase proteins and prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in moderately burned children aged up to 3 years.

In 27 children (12 boys and 15 girls) aged 3 months to 3 years, the plasma levels of albumin, prealbumin, orosomucoid and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined after burn trauma. The results of these measurements were used to calculate the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI). The children were assigned to two groups: a group with burns covering less than 10 per cent of the body surface area (BSA) (minor burns), and those with burns covering 11-20 per cent BSA. The lesions involved were either dermal burns (Class IIB) or full skin thickness burns (Class III). While the group with minor burns showed only a small decrease in albumin and prealbumin levels, the decrease in children with extensive burns was well below values on the first 7 days. On days 2, 5 and 7 after burning, the differences between both groups were statistically significant. Orosomucoid levels were somewhat elevated in the group with extensive burns. This difference, however, was not statistically significant compared with the group with minor burns whose values were slightly below the normal range. The levels of C-reactive protein were statistically significantly increased in children with extensive burns compared with those with burns. The PINI value correlated positively with the burn area given in per cent (for day 5 of follow-up, the regression line equation was y = 9.346 + 1.65 x). These data indicate that there are no pronounced changes in plasma protein levels in the group with minor burns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Results of intensified insulin therapy in type-I diabetics receiving instruction in self-monitoring.

Therapeutic success in I-Type diabetes (i.e., glycaemia close to normal levels in an effort to influence favourably the onset and progression of long-term complications), two important preconditions must be met. The patient must receive instruction in safe self-monitoring so he could administer insulin under the supervision of health-care personnel, either using some of the conventional protocols or, in some cases, even unconventional intensified therapy. The aim of the latter approach is good compensation of diabetes and the well-being of a patient to whom insulin administration poses no inconvenience while sophisticated technology helps him or her to overcome stressful situations.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1990

Cardioprotective conditioning with glucose and insulin prior to cardiac surgery involving ischaemic cold arrest.

The study describes cardioprotective conditioning by means of high doses of glucose together with insulin and potassium. Eighteen hours before cardiac surgery, nine patients received continuous infusion of 1000 ml of 40% glucose solution along with 112 U of insulin and 60 mmol of potassium. Before and after ischaemic cold arrest, the myocardial a--v differences of lactate, pyruvate, glucose, Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, free fatty acids and triglycerides were analysed in all patients. Blood collections were performed in parallel with ultramicroscopy of biopsy specimens from the right atrium. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 22 patients without cardioprotective conditioning with glucose, insulin and potassium. Neither the analysis of the myocardial a--v differences of metabolites, nor the finding on the mitochondria and myofibrils documented statistically significant differences between the control and conditioned groups. Following termination of ischaemic cold arrest, patients in the conditioned group exhibited more glycogen grains in myocardial cells than those in the control group. While 34% of patients in the control group were defibrillated after revascularization, it was not necessary in any of the conditioned patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prognosis for insulin requirements in Czechoslovakia].

The submitted prognosis of insulin requirements in the CSR is based on the estimated number of type 1 diabetics and the estimated number of insulin treated type 2 diabetics. For the purpose of the prognosis these numbers are calculated for five-year age groups, separately for men and women. In the first approximation the authors assume that in the treatment of type 1 diabetics four typical therapeutic regimes are used which are consistent with conventional therapy and its intensified modification. In type 2 diabetics in the first approximation it is assumed that another four variants of therapeutic regimes will be mostly used which are typical for these patients. The sum of daily doses needed by all patients gives an estimate of the total requirements of the four basic types of insulin. This prognosis respects the basic factors which influence insulin requirements, whereby the basis is the development of the health status of the population. Comparison of different variants of the prognosis of requirements with the actual consumption makes it possible to formulate some conclusions for planning production and for evaluating the used and perspectively foreseen insulin therapy. From the results of the prognosis ensues that in 1995 the insulin consumption in the CSR will vary between 150 and 185% of the consumption in 1980.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

[Metabolic and ultrastructural changes in the myocardium during heart arrest in patients undergoing surgery for ischemic heart disease].

The authors give an account of metabolic changes in the ultrastructure of the myocardium which develop during cardioplegic arrest of the heart muscle by cold during aortocoronary reconstruction operations. Using the technique of arteriovenous differences before myocardial ischemia and after its termination, the assessed differences in arterial blood and blood from the sinus coronarius as regards the blood sugar level, lactate, pyruvate, potassium, phosphorus, unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides. The results revealed a marked disorder of the carbohydrate and ion metabolism and severe impairment of the ultrastructure of the heart muscle during cardiac arrest.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Follow-up of burn injuries using the PINI index].

In the submitted paper the authors evaluate the influence of medium extensive burns injury on levels of selected plasma proteins in 27 children aged three months to three years. The assessed albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein and orosomucoid were used for calculation of the so-called PINI index [prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index]. The PINI index summarizes in a suitable way the impact of injury on the metabolism of plasma proteins in burned children under three years of age. It differentiates the group with mild injuries from the group with extensive burns. It drop correlates with the improving clinical condition of the patient and it can be used for the monitoring of the burned child.

Blood Proteins↗