Hydroxyurea for treatment of unresectable meningiomas.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Anders
Publications and source records attributed to M Anders.
Comparison of total resistive work of breathing in two generations of ventilators in an animal model.
Spontaneous breathing through an endotracheal tube and ventilator circuit is associated with an increased work of breathing (WOB). Recently, pediatric ventilators have introduced improved features to optimize patient-ventilator interactions. We performed an experiment utilizing an animal model to compare total resistive WOB of two widely used ventilators, the Siemens Servo Ventilator 300 (SV300) with patient-optimized features, such as flow-triggering and rapid response time, and the Siemens 900C (S900C) without those features. A total of 120 experiments of 10 minutes duration each were performed in 6 anesthetized, intubated lambs. In each experiment, the animal was randomized to either pressure support ventilation (PSV) of 5 cm H2O, or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with 0 cmH2O end expiratory pressure (ZEEP) while supported by the SV300 or the S900C. Each animal was used as its own control. WOB was measured with a Bicore monitoring device as WOB of the animal (WOBp), WOB of the ventilator (WOBv), and the pressure time product (PTP) for each breath during the experiment. Oxygen consumption (Vo2) of the animal was measured using breath-by-breath gas analysis with a customized metabolic monitoring system. A Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for analysis. All comparisons between the ventilators for both CPAP and PSV showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). WOBp was reduced by 47% during pressure support ventilation (PSV) and by 47% during CPAP when the SV300 was used compared to the S900C. We conclude that WOB is significantly lower in animals ventilated with the SV300 than with the S900C ventilator, and we speculate that ventilators with the features of the SV300 may offer advantages in ventilating pediatric patients.
Airway Resistance↗
Hormonal dependency of cerebral meningiomas.
Though meningiomas are benign intracranial tumors, a minor group invades the skull base and the connective tissue of the sinus cavernous inducing neurological deficits. These patients can not be cured by surgical treatment. Therefore, the development of an adjuvant medical therapy has been the goal during the last decade. We report here on different medical concepts which are based on steroids, amines, growth factor antagonists and cytokines. In addition, our data give evidence that the growth of intracranial meningiomas is under multifactorial proliferative control.
Brain↗
Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) affecting the central nervous system.
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Aged↗
Mechanical ventilators optimized for pediatric use decrease work of breathing and oxygen consumption during pressure-support ventilation.
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Animals↗
Management strategies for bone loss in tibial shaft fractures.
Fifty open tibial fractures with circumferential cortical bone loss were reviewed. Prospective treatment protocols included fracture stabilization with repeated irrigation and debridement followed by wound coverage. Bony stabilization was accomplished using external fixators, small diameter unreamed interlocking nails, and, in rare instances, plate fixation. Bone graft procedures included posterolateral bone graft, elevation of the free flap or direct anterolateral grafting, bone transport techniques, and free vascularized fibula transfer. Average followup was 18 months (range, 9-40 months). The index graft procedure was used in 30 patients (60%) for fracture healing. The rate of union was 98%, with an average total treatment time of 42.4 weeks (range, 23-80 weeks). Malunion was more likely to develop in patients treated with external fixation and posterolateral bone graft (p = 0.007). Intramedullary nails with direct bone grafting had shorter times to union and shorter total treatment times. The use of free vascular fibular transfers in acute injuries was not successful. Good results were obtained with bone transport techniques. Developing a healthy soft tissue envelope before reconstruction of these injuries is important. Techniques of reconstruction had no correlation to the development of nonunion or infection. They were valuable in determining malunion and total treatment time. These data confirm that carefully staged reconstruction leads to successful outcomes.
Adolescent↗
[Cryotherapy of malignant eyelid tumors].
The treatment of tumors of the eyelids must extend not only to complete removal or destruction of the neoplasm, but also to the maintenance of physiology functions. In addition, cosmetic aspects should be taken into consideration. In a prospective study, 278 cryosurgical operations performed for lid tumors in the years from 1980 to 1985 were followed up for 5 years to decide whether cryotherapy fulfilled these demands. We used spray freezing with liquid nitrogen, because the low temperatures and high freezing rates required for cell destruction are achieved only by this technique. The 5-year recurrence rate was 3.5%. The liquid nitrogen therapy is especially suitable when the eye lids are operated on, because the lacrimal system remains functional. Gas expansion cryotherapy should not be used in in the treatment of tumors, as it may lead to stimulation of growth.
Aged↗
Immune response of human volunteers and animals to vaccination with egg-grown influenza A (H1N1) virus is influenced by three amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin molecule.
Inactivated subunit vaccines were prepared from high-growth reassortants derived from two separate egg isolates from a single clinical specimen of influenza A (H1N1) virus. One of these reassortants, NIB-14, was antigenically indistinguishable from isolates made in tissue culture, while the other, NIB-17, was antigenically different and typical of egg isolates. The viruses differed by three amino acid residues in the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule and the anti-HA serological response induced was studied in animal models and human volunteers. In the volunteer groups both vaccines induced very high levels of circulating haemagglutination inhibition antibodies but with different serological specificities. Both NIB-14 and NIB-17 vaccines induced high levels of cross-reactive antibodies capable of reacting with both strains, but only NIB-14 vaccine induced significant levels of strain-specific antibodies capable of reacting exclusively with the homologous strain. Antisera containing only cross-reactive antibodies proved as capable of virus neutralization as antisera containing high levels of strain-specific antibodies. We extended the argument that epidemic strains are antigenically more closely related to tissue culture isolates and established that viruses which differ by only single amino acids at critical points in the HA structure can induce a significantly different immune response when used as inactivated vaccines.
Adolescent↗
[ERWIPA--a standardized inventory for assessment of illness-related insight in patients with schizophrenia].
55 schizophrenic patients answered a 2 x 30 items questionnaire, Item analysis showed a low discriminative power, the initial forms differing with regard to degree of difficulty. Items with discriminative power over 0.30 were arranged into two thematically similar 13 item forms of equal difficulty. The questionnaires ERWIPA-A and ERWIPA-B consist of 2 x 20 items. The first item of each from had been answered correctly by all patients from our sample. We considered six additional items because future research may to different results as far as discriminative power is concerned. The average difficulty of both ERWIPA forms is equal for both the 2 x 13 items and the 2 x 20 items version.
Adult↗
Proto-oncogene expression in cultured synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Total RNA was isolated from cultured synovial fibroblasts of nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis and two controls (cruciate ligament ruptures). RNA was dot-blotted and hybridized with nine different, cloned cellular or viral oncogene probes. None of the proto-oncogenes showed a significant difference of expression in cultured fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis when compared to the expression of control fibroblasts.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Cryotherapy in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage of various origin].
In 54 eyes from the same number of patients transconjunctival cryotherapy was performed (12 points and 8-10 circular ones in the outer retinal periphery) to influence the absorption of vitreous haemorrhages of different aetiology. The most frequent cause was the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy (53.7%) and vascular changes in atherosclerosis (39%). Haemorrhage of the vitreous persisted on average for five months. Eight months after the intervention complete or partial reabsorption led to improvement of the eyesight in 74% of the patients, no change was recorded in 16.6% and further deterioration occurred in 9.4%. No serious per- or postoperative complications were recorded, the method is unpretentious, can be used in ambulatory patients, it is repeatable and suitable also as preparation before vitreous surgery.
Adult↗
[Equipment for spray-freezing in ophthalmology].
The authors discuss the theoretical background of the method of spray/freezing for destructive processes and their advantages. They demonstrate a cryo-apparatus IKG 3 for liquid nitrogen which is part of the Dresden equipment and was elaborated by the department for cryomedicine of the "Carl Gustav Carus" Academy in cooperation with the Technical University in Dresden. The apparatus produces a fine dispensable spray of the cooling mixture and permits treatment even of small tissue areas.
Cryosurgery↗
[Clinical use of the spray-freezing method in ophthalmology].
The authors describe a therapeutic method using spray freezing in the treatment of malignant tumours of the eyelids and conjunctivae, trichiasis and distichiasis and forms of conjunctivitis vernalis which cannot be checked by drugs. The authors discuss the results assembled in a large group of patients during 1971-1987 (4,084 patients). The results provide convincing evidence that the method is successful in these indications and that it has preference before contact freezing. Treatment of all patients was implemented using the Dresden cryotherapeutic apparatus IKG 3.
Conjunctival Neoplasms↗
Definitive control of mortality from severe pelvic fracture.
Within a group of 271 patients with pelvic fracture, 69 patients met criteria for severe hemorrhage. Sixty consecutive patients were treated by a combined multispecialty musculoskeletal trauma service using a protocol designed to control bleeding, rapidly diagnose and control associated injuries, as well as to prepare the patient for open reduction of the pelvic fracture, if appropriate. The pneumatic antishock garment, external fixation, and angiography were selectively used to control bleeding. Abdominal injuries were diagnosed using clinical examination and diagnostic peritoneal lavage. When lavage aspirate was grossly bloody, patients had no negative explorations. Microscopically positive lavages were associated with a 50% false-negative rate. Using the protocol, the mortality rate was 5%. Overall mortality rate was 10%. The combination of a trauma team approach and a specifically designed protocol reduces the number of deaths from pelvic fracture.
Adult↗
[Fibrous hamartoma in the infant].
Fibrous hamartoma is a rare example of juvenile fibromatoses. We report a case of an 11 month old infancy with presenting of clinical picture, morphological findings and therapy. Biological behaviour, differential diagnosis and pathogenetic connections to other fibromatoses were discussed.
Adipose Tissue↗
Mutagenicity of the phenolic microsomal metabolites of 3-nitrofluoranthene and 1-nitropyrene in strains of Salmonella typhimurium.
The environmental pollutant 3-nitrofluoranthene is metabolized in vitro and in vivo to several products including the phenolic metabolites 3-nitrofluoranthen-6-ol (3NF-6-ol), 3-nitrofluoranthen-8-ol (3NF-8-ol), and 3-nitrofluoranthen-9-ol (3NF-9-ol). Similarly, 1-nitropyrene is metabolized to the phenolic metabolites 1-nitropyren-3-ol (1NP-3-ol), 1-nitropyren-6-ol (1NP-6-ol), and 1-nitropyren-8-ol (1NP-8-ol). The mutagenicity of these compounds was investigated using strains of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in either certain nitroreductases or the aryl hydroxylamine O-esterificase. In TA98, 3-nitrofluoranthene and 3NF-8-ol were equally mutagenic at approximately 10(3) revertants/nmole while 3NF-6-ol and 3NF-9-ol were 10-fold less mutagenic. 1-Nitropyrene and 1NP-3-ol likewise were equally mutagenic at approximately 700 revertants/nmole and 1NP-6-ol and 1NP-8-ol were 100-fold less mutagenic. The mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene was dependent on the 'classical nitroreductase' which is absent in TA98NR, and that of 3-nitrofluoranthene, 3NF-8-ol, and 1NP-3-ol was less dependent on this nitroreductase. Using TA98/1,8DNP6, it was determined that the mutagenicity of 3-nitrofluoranthene, 3NF-8-ol, and 1NP-3-ol but not 1-nitropyrene was dependent on the presence of the O-esterificase. 3-Nitrofluoranthene and 3NF-8-ol were mutagenic in TA100, while 3NF-6-ol and 3NF-9-ol were considerably less mutagenic. 3-Nitrofluoranthene was not mutagenic in TA100NR nor in TA100-Tn5-1,8DNP1012. None of the phenolic metabolites of 3-nitrofluoranthene were mutagenic in TA100-TN5-1,8DNP1012 indicating a strong dependence for mutagenicity on the O-esterificase or the 1,8-dinitropyrene nitroreductase which is absent in this strain. These results are discussed in view of possible mechanisms for the differences in the mutagenicity of the phenolic metabolites of these two nitrated arenes.
Biotransformation↗
The immunohistochemical reactivity of an anti-epithelial monoclonal antibody (b-12) in meningiomas.
Studies on immunohistochemical localization of the epitope b-12 were performed in 15 meningiomas using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. 2 of 15 meningiomas stained for b-12. The b-12 antigen represents a further epithelial marker detectable in meningiomas.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Cryotherapeutic possibilities in the treatment of corneal burns with acid in an animal experiment. II. Histochemical study].
On 10 experimental animals (20 eyes of bastard rabbits) the authors tested the possibility to influence by cryostimulation the increase of the acid mucopolysaccharide content (glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans) after damaging the eye with 6.0% = 1.4 N sulphuric acid. Eight corneae were subjected to cryotherapeutic treatment 4-6 hours after corrosion, by the method of contact freezing with a cryoapparatus OKG 2, using a technique which in the first part of the work had a convincing cryostimulating effect: working temperature -70 degrees C, 10 spots with a diameter of 2 mm for 7 seconds placed directly in the cornea surrounding the damaged area. As controls for both groups (corroded and cryotreated and corroded not treated) served four normal intact corneae (two animals as above). Collection of samples of the cornea was made on the 4th and 10th day after corrosion. The corneae were processed by histological methods stained with toluidine and alcian blue. It was revealed that on the 4th as well as 10th day after cryostimulation the acid mucopolysaccharide content was higher than without cryostimulation. On the 10th day after the injury and cryotherapy the acid mucopolysaccharide content was normal. The results were evaluated by Fischer's test. The increase of acid mucopolysaccharides on the cornae was more rapid than at the 1% level of significance, as compared with corneae without cryotherapy. Cryotherapy thus promoted restoration of acid mucopolysaccharides in the corroded corneae.
Animals↗