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Biomedical subjects

M André

Publications and source records attributed to M André.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Lingual tuberculosis revealing disseminated tuberculosis].

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculous lesions of the oral cavity are uncommon. Most of cases are secondary to pulmonary disease and the primary form is rare. EXEGESIS: We report the case of a 64 year-old man, smoker, presenting a chronic ulcer of the tongue, with anorexia and important weight loss. The biopsy of this ulcer showed granulomatous inflammation and Langhans type giant cells, without necrosis. Ziehl-Nielsen stain was negative. Pulmonary lesions were subsequently detected (chest X-ray, CT-scan) and the disseminated tuberculosis was confirmed by a positive culture with acid-fast bacilli in urine, blood, and pulmonary sample. Antituberculosis treatment resulted in the complete resolution of the oral lesion. CONCLUSION: Biopsy for histopathological diagnosis, acid-fast stains and culture, is essential to determine the exact nature of chronic oral ulceration to distinguish between oral malignancy, infectious (syphilis), traumatic, or aphthous ulcers. Tuberculosis of the tongue is a difficult diagnosis. However it should be searched for because treatment usually results in a rapid recovery.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2006

Formation of inner structure of a reconnection separatrix region.

We present multipoint spacecraft observations at the dayside magnetopause of a magnetic reconnection separatrix region. This region separates two plasmas with significantly different temperatures and densities, at a large distance from the X line. We identify which terms in the generalized Ohm's law balance the observed electric field throughout the separatrix region. The electric field inside a thin approximately c/omega pi Hall layer is balanced by the j x B/ne term while other terms dominate elsewhere. On the low density side of the region we observe a density cavity which forms due to the escape of magnetospheric electrons along the newly opened field lines. The perpendicular electric field inside the cavity constitutes a potential jump of several kV. The observed potential jump and field aligned currents can be responsible for strong aurora.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

[Cognitive development and attention performances at school age of "normal" prematurely born children].

OBJECTIVE: A preterm birth can exert an influence on cognitive development. The aim of this study was to determine whether preterm birth may impact on attention executive processes, at school age, in children without neurological sequelae. DESIGN AND METHODS: Prematurely born children admitted in the level III NICU of the Maternité régionale of Nancy between 1992 and 1994, underwent at 8 to 10 years 8 subtests of the mental processing scales of the K-ABC, which assess process categories involved in learning. The children were also submitted to 3 tests that evaluate attention mechanisms efficiency (category fluency task, backward digits span, Tower of London). The controls were children born at term recruted in schools of the same area. RESULTS: The 124 children were born with birth weight appropriate for gestational age, and were in the school grades expected for their ages, in 3rd, 4rth, and 5fth grades. Fifty-three children were born at term, 29 were prematurely born (33-36 w), and 42 were very prematurely born (28-32 w). Birth term was significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with scores at sequential processing scale, at simultaneous processing scale and at the mental processing composite scale. At this scale, the children born at term obtained a median score of 112, the children prematurely born of 101, and the children very prematurely born of 98.5. For 40 third grade children (18 born at term, 10 prematurely born, and 12 very prematurely born), birth term was significantly correlated with performances at the 3 tests of attention. In all cases, preterm was inversely correlated with performances. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with a lower efficiency in attention executive processes which may be related to the higher frequency of learning disabilities associated with prematurity.

Attention↗
PubMed2006

Weight-dependent changes of immune system in adipose tissue: importance of leptin.

Ancestral lymphoid cells reside in adipose tissues, and their numbers are highly altered in obesity. Leptin, production of which is correlated to fat mass, is strongly involved in the relationships between adipose tissues and immune system. We investigated in epididymal (EPI) and inguinal (ING) fat pads to determine whether 1) lymphocyte phenotypes were correlated to the tissue weight and 2) leptin was involved in such relationships. Immunohistological analyses revealed a tight relationship between the T and NK lymphocytes of the stromal vascular fraction and adipocytes. We identified a significant negative and positive correlation between EPI weight and the percentage of NK and total T cells respectively by cytofluorometric analyses. The NK and ancestral gammadelta T cell contents were directly dependent of leptin since they increased significantly in high-fat (HF) diet mice but not in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice as compared to control. By contrast, the alphabeta T cell content seemed independent of leptin because their percentages increased significantly with the EPI weight whatever the type of mice (control, HF, ob/ob). The present study suggests that adipose tissues present, according to their localization, different immunological mechanisms that might be involved in the regulation of adipose cells functions and proliferations.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

[Pancreatic involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis: a rare and difficult diagnosis].

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic involvement in the course of wegener's granulomatosis is rarely reported. EXEGESIS: We report a case presenting as a pancreatic tumorlike lesion. We also discuss six further cases from the medical literature. Two of them had a tumorlike lesion, three had acute pancreatitis and the last had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. CONCLUSION: Treatment, association of corticoid and cyclophosphamide, is efficient if it is started quickly. So we think that this unusual manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis should be recognized.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Adipose tissues as an ancestral immune organ: site-specific change in obesity.

Close relationships have been demonstrated between adipose tissue and the inflammatory/immune system. Furthermore, obesity is increasingly considered as a state of chronic inflammation. Cytofluorometric analysis reveals the presence of significant levels of lymphocytes in the stroma-vascular fraction of white adipose tissues. In epididymal (EPI) fat, lymphocytes display an "ancestral" immune system phenotype (up to 70% of natural killer (NK), gammadelta+ T and NKT cells among all lymphocytes) whereas the inguinal (ING) immune system presents more adaptive characteristics (high levels of alphabeta+ T and B cells). The percentage of NK cells in EPI fat was decreased in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet, whereas gammadelta positive cells were significantly increased in ING fat. These data support the notion that adipose tissue may elaborate immunological mechanisms to regulate its functions which might be altered in obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Cassini measurements of cold plasma in the ionosphere of Titan.

The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) Langmuir probe (LP) sensor observed the cold plasma environment around Titan during the first two flybys. The data show that conditions in Saturn's magnetosphere affect the structure and dynamics deep in the ionosphere of Titan. The maximum measured ionospheric electron number density reached 3800 per cubic centimeter near closest approach, and a complex chemistry was indicated. The electron temperature profiles are consistent with electron heat conduction from the hotter Titan wake. The ionospheric escape flux was estimated to be 10(25) ions per second.

Atmosphere↗
PubMed2005

[Interest of EEG in full-term newborns with isolated unilateral ischemic stroke].

In full-term newborns, unilateral and recurrent clonic seizures which occur during the first 48 hours of life suggest an isolated unilateral ischemic stroke. These focal seizures are isolated, occuring during a short period, or make up a status epilepticus. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a key tool for crisis and focal cerebral process diagnosis. It also allows to assess antiepileptic drugs effectiveness. But cerebral imaging is necessary to confirm vascular origin of the cerebral impairment. Hematologic data are also needful to look for a family thromphilia. Some particular unilateral EEG abnormalities could be associated with controlateral motor sequelae or long term behavioral problems. These findings may be used for prospective studies aimed at specifying possible links between EEG abnormalities and long term outcome.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed2005

[Asymptomatic forms of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)].

INTRODUCTION: In November 2002 an epidemic of atypical pneumonia appeared in the Chinese region of Guandong. It was subsequently given the name "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome" (SARS) following the occurrence of further outbreaks in Hanoi and Hong Kong in February 2003. Five cases related to the same patient source have been reported in France. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a patient of 52 years who had direct contact with a probable case of SARS. On admission the patient presented with pyrexia associated with lymphopenia and liver cell necrosis but no respiratory symptoms. The chest x-ray was normal. The thoracic CT scan showed a sub pleural ground glass appearance. Early (36 hours) PCR studies of nasopharyngeal washings were negative for the coronavirus associated with SARS. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically. CONCLUSIONS: This observation demonstrates the existence of incomplete clinical presentations of SARS. The infectivity of this asymptomatic form is unknown. Serological analyses will allow better identification. The continuing danger of seasonal recurrence, particularly in the winter, cannot be ignored. In this context the recognition of probably infectious asymptomatic forms is essential.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

How to define intermediate stage in Hodgkin's lymphoma?

BACKGROUND: Intermediate or unfavourable stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) definition relies upon at least three different scoring systems defined by cooperative groups (EORTC, GHSG and Canadian-ECOG). We aimed to investigate their efficacy and their correlation with International Prognostic Score (IPS) for advanced HL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied a population of 1156 patients with localized stage HL treated prospectively within GELA centres in H8 (518 patients) and H9 (638 patients) protocols. Median age: 30 yr, 18%, Female 50%; stage I: 25%; stage II: 75%. According to scoring systems 70% had 0-1 EORTC factors; 60% 0-1 GHSG factors and 82% 0-1 Canadian factors. The IPS for advanced stages was available only in H9 study with 64% 0-1 factor. RESULTS: Survival curves according to each of the different scoring systems could significantly discriminate the subgroup populations. When a multivariate Cox analysis was performed for overall survival (OS) including all the scoring system variables: age > 45 yr, sex male, Haemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL, lymphocytes < 600/microL, B symptoms with elevated ESR, extra nodal sites did retain an independent significant value. Probability of OS was 99%, 98%, 92%, 82% and 73% for patients with 1-5 factors, respectively P < 0.0001. CONCLUSION: These factors are similar for most of them with those described in the IPS when stages III and IV are replaced by extra nodal localization. This new score should be validated in other prospective trials, as it will simplify the Hodgkin prognostic scoring systems for localized and advanced stages.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Intractable hiccup as the initial presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus.

An infarctus of medulla oblongata was discovered in a 44-year old man with an intractable hiccup and 10, 11th and 12th right cranial nerves palsies. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with antiphospholipid syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. Hiccup has withdrew with corticosteroid therapy and low-dose aspirin. The other cases of literature and pathophysiologic hypotheses are briefly reported.

Accessory Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Structure of the magnetic reconnection diffusion region from four-spacecraft observations.

Magnetic reconnection leads to energy conversion in large volumes in space but is initiated in small diffusion regions. Because of the small sizes of the diffusion regions, their crossings by spacecraft are rare. We report four-spacecraft observations of a diffusion region encounter at the Earth's magnetopause that allow us to reliably distinguish spatial from temporal features. We find that the diffusion region is stable on ion time and length scales in agreement with numerical simulations. The electric field normal to the current sheet is balanced by the Hall term in the generalized Ohm's law, E(n) approximately jxB/ne.n, thus establishing that Hall physics is dominating inside the diffusion region. The reconnection rate is fast, approximately 0.1. We show that strong parallel currents flow along the separatrices; they are correlated with observations of high-frequency Langmuir/upper hybrid waves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

High incidence of complications after 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine combined with cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced lymphoproliferative malignancies.

The combination of purine analogs with alkylating agents is able to produce a synergistic antitumoral effect. However, the addition of immunosuppressive and DNA-targeting agents might increase purine analog-related complications. The risk for serious complications was evaluated in 38 patients treated with 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CDA) and cyclophosphamide (CP). The diagnoses were chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 15, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in 4, mantle cell lymphoma in 6, follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in 10, and other low-grade NHL in 3 patients. All patients were pretreated (median: 2 lines, range: 1-5) and 23 (61%) were refractory. The patients received a median of two courses (range: 1-5) of 5.6 mg/m(2) CDA, followed by a median of 200 mg/m(2) CP, for 3 days. The response rate was 51% [complete remission (CR): 14%, partial remission (PR): 38%]. Grade 3/4 infections occurred in 16 (42%) patients. Dose-limiting cytopenias were seen in 22 (58%) patients. In 12 (32%) patients, autoimmune manifestations developed requiring treatment in most of them. Second cancers arose in five (13%) patients (myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelocytic leukemia in three, lung cancer in two). Multivariate analysis showed that cytopenias, gender (F), prior radiotherapy, and age (>65 years) predicted for the complications seen after CDA-CP. To conclude, because of the high incidence of complications, caution is warranted in selecting patients with advanced lymphoid malignancies for the CDA-CP protocol.

Adult↗