The Cd emission of a phosphate plant was clearly reflected by the Cd status of herbivorous European wood mice and common field voles as well as of European shrews taking in mostly animal food. The antagonistic effect of the emitted Cd and Mo better available for plants with high ground pH most probably caused the deterioration in the Cu status of the animals of both phases in the nutritional chain. The lower Ca, P, and Mg incorporation with European wood mouse and common field vole within the contaminated habitat might as well be owing to emission, whereas the lower Mn content in all three species rather has to be attributed to the lower Mn offer caused by the ground pH.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral cadmium exposure of adults in Germany. 2: Market basket calculations.

The cadmium intake of adults in Germany was calculated within the framework of market basket studies. Data were available on cadmium content of representative food assortments from 1988 and 1991. Food intake data were obtained within the second MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) survey 1988 and the nutrition survey in the new Federal lands 1991/92. Combining both data sets, an average cadmium intake of adults was found to be in the range 10-14 micrograms/day. This cadmium intake is 16-19% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for cadmium and a toxicological risk from orally consumed cadmium can be excluded. The results were comparable to literature values. Cadmium intake was higher in men than in women owing to their higher food consumption. No differences were observed between cadmium intake in 1988 and 1991. The relative contribution of different food groups to cadmium consumption amounted to: bread, cake and pastries, 41%; potatoes, 14%; vegetables, 10%; meat, sausage and fish 9%.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of selenium deficiency on the feed consumption and growth of goats.

The feed consumption of goats was only reduced after considerable Se depletion. The conversion of Se-depleted animals to an Se-rich ration increased feed consumption within one day. An intrauterine Se deficiency (less than 38 micrograms Se/kg DM of the ration) did not induce intrauterine growth depression in kids. Se depletion led to a highly significant postnatal growth depression which increased with advancing Se depletion both during the lactation period and after weaning.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of selenium deficiency on reproduction and milk performance of goats.

Even with a high vitamin E offer, Se deficiency (less than 38 micrograms/kg DM of the ration) led to a 33% lower conception rate (P less than 0.05) in goats and to a greater than 50% lower number of kids on the 91st day of life. The Se deficiency reduced the milk production significantly by 23% during the first 56 days of lactation, the milk fat production by 11% and the milk protein production by 12%.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Iodine deficiency in ruminants. 1. The iodine content of feed, plants and drinking water].

Dependent on the species, feedstuffs and plants differ considerably in their iodine content. Among the I-poorest feedstuffs there are grain concentrates, extracted soybean and rapeseed oil meals, mixed feed (without I-containing mineral mixture) and grasses. The I content of the plants decreases with proceeding growth. The I intake of ruminants via vegetable feed and drinking water is affected by the distance of the site from the seaside and the geological origin of the soil material. Ruminants get considerably less iodine via feedstuffs and water in the southern territory of the GDR than in the central and northern areas. Therefore, mineral mixtures for cattle and sheep are supplemented with 18 mg KIO3 per kg mixture in the southern districts. The I analysis of 205 charges of mineral mixtures revealed only a mean I content of 7 (3.8-11.3) mg per kg mixture.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of sulphur, molybdenum and cadmium exposure on the growth of goat, cattle and pig.

In growing billy goats, bulls and heifers, the supplementation of 10 g elementary S/kg ration dry matter reduced the daily weight gain by about 15%. The offer of 10 g S and 10 mg Mo/kg ration did not intensify growth depression. It occurred, however, when 10 g S were applied together with 3 mg Cd. Under these conditions, fattening bulls gained 19% less weight. The monogastric pig reacted less sensitively to the same exposure. The growth depression only reached about 10% and remained insignificantly. On the other hand, pigs with 10 g S and 3 mg Cd gained 17% less weight (p less than 0.05). The supplementation of 20 g elementary S/kg reduced their growth dramatically. These pigs only gained 89 g weight per day. The effect of S (and Mo or Cd) supplementation was mainly due to decreased feed consumption.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathology of experimental hypocobaltosis in goats].

Histological changes in chronic experimental hypocobaltosis manifest as atrophic-degenerative alterations and restructuring of endocrine organs as well as a decrease in systemic resistance (accidental transformation of the thymus, duodenitis and sigmoiditis in some animals). Pronounced fat hepatosis and signs of iron metabolism damage (cheilitis, spleen siderosis) are found as well.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathology of congenital bromine deficit (experimental observation)].

Pathology of congenital bromine deficiency is described in a she-goat whose mother was kept for two years on a bromine deficient diet. Anomalies of the bones and joints of the anterior limbs, disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism in the form of liver, kidney and lymph nodes glycogenosis, liver fat degeneration, haemosiderosis of the liver, spleen and lungs were found. Moderate thymomegaly with hyperplasia of the cortex and an increase in the number of Hassal bodies, microcystic ovary transformation, adrenal adenomatosis, cheilitis, flossitis, focal proliferative extracapillary glomerulonephritis were also observed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[General pathology of trace element deficiency].

According to the authors' concept, different forms of trace element deficiency show some general rules of development. All of them are followed by a decrease of immune resistance. Trace element deficiency is never isolated, it is always characterized by trace element unbalance and is followed by a considerable disturbance of metabolism (mineral, lipid, carbohydrate and protein) with relevant manifestations. Reduced immune resistance and pluriglandular endocrinopathy create the conditions for various malignancies.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathological anatomy of alimentary fluorine deficiency in goats].

Chronic alimentary fluorine deficiency was provoked in goats by a semisynthetic diet with fruorine deficiency (less than 0.3 mg/kg dry feed). Teeth caries, emaciation in spite of higher consumption of food as compared to controls, focal inflammatory degenerative changes in the alimentary tract mucous membranes (catarrhal-purulent esophagitis, chronic duodenitis), chronic degenerative changes in the parenchymatous organs were observed. Endocrinopathies, accidental thymus involution, hypothyroid state, destructive changes in the pancreatic insullar cells were also common.

Animals↗