Biomedical subjects

M Apaja-Sarkkinen

Publications and source records attributed to M Apaja-Sarkkinen.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Altered basement membrane structure of the spleen in hairy cell leukaemia. Demonstration of laminin in hairy cells.

Changes in five spleens affected by hairy cell leukaemia were characterized using immunohistochemical staining for the basement membrane (BM) components laminin and type IV collagen. The ring fibres had not been totally destroyed, and were well preserved in places. The spaces filled by abnormal blood or hairy cells were assigned to the categories of altered sinus and two types of pseudosinus. In an altered sinus the staining pattern of the ring fibres had gained attenuations and the sinus was sometimes lined by a continuous BM of uneven thickness. The number of altered sinuses was related to the size of the spleen. The pseudosinuses were larger than normal sinuses and usually also larger than altered sinuses. One of the two types seemed to be derived from ruptured Billroth's cords and entailed spaces of irregular size and shape bounded by strips of fibres containing BM proteins. No ring fibres were seen in the wall. The other type of pseudosinus occurred in those spleens where no white pulp remained. These spaces were large, located around arteries and bounded by irregular strips of BM material. In three cases a number of hairy cells could be demonstrated which showed positive staining for laminin either in the surface or in the cytoplasm. Adhesive properties of hairy cells would be conceivable on the basis of the presence of laminin on the surface of the cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Fat-rich diet induces inflammatory changes in the intact rat pancreas.

The effects of chronic ethanol ingestion combined with fat-rich, protein-rich or carbohydrate-rich diets on the histology of the intact rat pancreas were studied. 192 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four different dietary groups. Half of each group received 15% (v/v) ethanol in their drinking solution and the rest were used as controls and given tap water. After a 12-week diet period the pancreas were removed and histological specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. No significant difference was observed between the groups in occurrence of edema, but inflammatory cells were found in (9/24) rats in the fat-rich group receiving water (p less than 0.01. In the fat-rich diet group receiving ethanol this finding was observed in 5 of 24 rats. In these groups slight parenchymal cell necrosis was also observed in conjunction with the inflammatory cells. All specimens in the other groups were normal. It is suggested that inflammatory changes caused by a fat-rich diet may be due to unknown toxic effects of this diet.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1987

[The Lukes-Collins classification and the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

280 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were studied histologically according to the criteria of Lukes-Collins as well as Lennert's classifications. Nodularity was predominantly related to the SC and LC types according to the Lukes-Collins classification. Nodularity is indicative of better survival. The Burkitt and convoluted types were found to be predominantly related to childhood or to younger patients and the non-Burkitt type most frequently to the older groups. The Lukes-Collins classification separates well two clear prognostic groups--the favorable and the unfavorable one with overall median survivals of 44 and 11 months, respectively. Within the Kiel classification, nodularity was found mainly in the CB-CC type, but also in 27% of the CC cases. The relationship of the subtypes according to the Kiel classification and age resembles the same relation found with the Lukes-Collins classification, where according to the Kiel classification the Burkitt, convoluted and lymphoblastic types were related to children and adults. Three prognostic groups were identified with overall median survivals of 80, 38 and 13 months, respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Reproducibility of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma classification].

In a retrospective reclassification of 148 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the reproducibility of the Lukes--Collins classification used was tested by comparing a joint diagnosis with that of each author separately. The cases of disagreement were usually proved to have happened within lymphoma groups with an equivalent prognosis. An exception was the relatively high disagreement rate between the subclasses of small lymphocytic and small non-cleaved lymphomas, and this represents the most important finding clinicopathologically.

Female↗

PubMed1986

Production of basement membrane laminin and type IV collagen by tumors of striated muscle: an immunohistochemical study of rhabdomyosarcomas of different histologic types and a benign vaginal rhabdomyoma.

Immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the distribution of basement membrane laminin and type IV collagen in eight tumors derived from striated muscle (three botryoid, two alveolar, and two adult-type rhabdomyosarcomas; one benign vaginal rhabdomyoma). All of the tumors produced significant amounts of both basement membrane components. Stainings clearly revealed the alveolar nature of the rhabdomyosarcomas, with the alveolar spaces surrounded by distinct basement membranes. Different stages of cellular development were identified in the botryoid sarcomas, with the most immature cells of the cambium layer devoid of external basement membrane around the tumor cells, although the stroma contained finely dispersed basement membrane material and some cells contained intracytoplasmic laminin or type IV collagen, indicative of the synthesis of these proteins. The more mature cells, which had abundant granular cytoplasm, were enveloped by distinct basement membranes and seemed to have coalesced, forming structures resembling myotubes. The adult-type rhabdomyosarcomas were composed of large pleomorphic cells that were surrounded by basement membranes, either individually or in small groups. Some giant cells contained intracytoplasmic laminin. The vaginal rhabdomyoma was composed of round rhabdoblastic cells or elongated strap cells with cross-striations. Cells of both of these types were surrounded by thin but distinct basement membranes. The results suggest that demonstration of basement membranes would be helpful in the diagnosis of tumors derived from striated muscle. The findings concerning different stages of maturation of tumor cells are in accordance with previous in vitro observations of myoblastic cells.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical study of basement membrane proteins and type III procollagen in myelofibrosis.

In this study the distribution of type IV collagen in the marrow is compared with that of laminin, another basement membrane protein. In addition, incompletely processed type III procollagen is identified with specific antibodies. In normal bone marrow the distribution of the type III procollagen antigen closely resembles that of reticulin staining. In all the myelofibrotic samples, representing both early and advanced disease, the fibrous tissue stains heavily for this antigen. Thus type III procollagen which has not completely lost its aminoterminal propeptide is a genuine component of the extracellular matrix fibres in human bone marrow. Laminin is found with type IV collagen in continuous basement membranes in arterial walls, whereas only discontinuous strips of staining are seen along the sinusoids in normal marrow. In myelofibrosis the dilated or obliterated sinusoids have thickened or continuous basement membranes, visible with both stainings. Neovascularization also increases the extent of basement membrane staining in fibrotic marrow. With respect of these antigens, there is no difference between primary and secondary myelofibrosis. These changes warrant the use of serum antigens related to type IV collagen and to type III procollagen as markers for developing myelofibrosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Basement membrane proteins in the spleen: immunohistochemical demonstration and relation to reticulin.

In the present study immunohistochemical staining has shown that the ring fibres of the human spleen contain the major basement membrane components, type IV collagen and laminin. The superiority of immunohistochemical methods in demonstrating basement membrane material in the spleen is emphasized. The results are compared with the demonstration of reticular fibres by Gomori's reticulin stain. The findings provide further information about the relationship between basement membrane material and reticular fibres in human spleen. The nature of splenic ring fibres is discussed in the light of the scientific literature.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Distribution of basement membrane laminin and type IV collagen in human reactive lymph nodes.

The location of two basement membrane components, laminin and the 7-S domain of type IV collagen, was studied in human lymph nodes using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Basement membrane antigens were present on the walls of blood vessels and of marginal, trabecular and medullary sinuses. Thin, fragmented fibre-like staining was present also in parenchyma outside the germinal centres, in a pattern overlapping with reticular fibres as seen on conventional reticulin stains. This finding suggests that basement membrane components are a part of the reticular fibres of lymph nodes, or are closely associated with them.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMed1986

Occurrence of pancreatic ductal cell dysplasia in rats fed with a high fat diet and ethanol.

The effects of alcohol and diet on acute pancreatitis were studied in 192 male Wistar rats. The animals were fed with standard laboratory food up to three months of age and, after that, were divided into four groups of 48 animals, each group receiving a different diet: standard, fat-rich, protein-rich or carbohydrate-rich. In each diet group, 24 animals obtained 15% (v/v) ethanol in their drinking solution while the other 24 rats had water ad libitum. The diet period lasted for 12 weeks, after which acute experimental pancreatitis was induced under diethyl ether anesthesia by ductal injection of rat bile into the pancreatic ducts. Moderate or severe ductal cell dysplasia developed in three of the 15 survivors in the group fed with a high-fat diet and 15% ethanol in their drinking solution. Mild acute pancreatitis was histologically found in 13 rats and moderate pancreatitis in one rat in this group. One rat did not show any pancreatic parenchymal changes. Two of the rats with ductal cell dysplasia had mild pancreatitis and the pancreas of the third rat was normal in this respect. Dysplastic changes were not found in any other experimental group used in the study. The observation is statistically significant at p less than 0.025 level. The results indicate that alcohol and a high fat diet together might have a carcinogenic effect on pancreatic ductal epithelium in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Behaviour of dendritic reticulum cells possessing immunoreactive acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor in human lymphoid secondary follicles and in follicular-centre cell lymphomas.

In our previous studies acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) was shown to be a common characteristic of human squamous epithelia and dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in lymphoid secondary follicles. In the present study, the behaviour of ACPI-immunoreactive DRC in reactive lymphoid secondary follicles and neoplastic follicles of follicular-centre cell (FCC) lymphomas was compared by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The secondary follicles in reactive lymphoid tissues revealed a staining pattern characteristic of DRC comparable with the results of other studies. Contrary to this, the number of ACPI-positive DRC in the neoplastic lymphoid follicles was greatly reduced. This was occasionally accompanied by a weak reaction and in many cases the DRC were totally abolished. Moreover, morphological aberrations were observed in ACPI-positive DRC, especially diminution and shortening of dendritic processes. On occasion, ACPI-positive cell types were observed, which may represent intermediate forms between DRC and fibroblastic reticulum cells. Only one case--with a rather favourable clinical outcome (out of 41 follicular FCC lymphomas) exhibited an ACPI-positive DRC pattern comparable with that of reactive lymphoid follicles. Thus it seems that the ACPI-immunohistochemistry of DRC provides an additional tool for discerning the difference between reactive and neoplastic lymphoid follicles. This method is of particular value since it can be used with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. There was a tendency among the follicular FCC lymphoma patients towards a better survival rate for those with ACPI-positive DRC than for those lacking this cell type, although no statistically significant differences emerged from this limited material.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

The reproducibility of the Lukes-Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in a retrospective reclassification.

In a retrospective reclassification of 148 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the reproducibility of the Lukes-Collins classification used was tested by comparing a joint diagnosis with that of each author separately. Thirty-six percent of the lymphoma cases were follicular center cell lymphomas, the figure being clearly lower than that of materials published previously. The relatively high portions of small lymphocytic and mycosis fungoides lymphomas (20 and 10% respectively) were also deviant findings in comparison to formerly published retrospective materials. In this reproducibility study the cases of disagreement were usually proved to have happened within lymphoma groups with an equivalent prognosis. An exception was the relatively high disagreement rate between the subclasses of small lymphocytic and small non-cleaved lymphomas, and this represents the most important finding clinicopathologically. The results of the study indicate that the Lukes-Collins classification as such does not cover the whole spectrum of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The studies published already give some clues as to the fact that distribution and cell types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas vary in different areas of the world.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy in large cleaved cell lymphomas.

The results of nuclear DNA content analysis of a series of 28 patients with large cleaved follicular centre cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are reported. DNA aneuploidy was found in 11 (39 per cent) cases. The DNA indices of the DNA-aneuploid peaks ranged from 1.14 to 2.28. Seven (25 per cent) cases were tetraploid. DNA ploidy was not associated with prognosis. The percentage of S phase cells (SPF) ranged from 2.0 to 30.5 per cent (median 5.1 per cent). Lymphoma patients with SPF higher than 9.7 per cent had a worse survival rate than patients with lymphoma with less than 9.7 per cent S phase cells but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The results of the DNA ploidy and SPF were comparable to those of intermediate and high grade malignancy NHLs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinomatous features of cervical chordoma in a fine needle aspirate.

A cartilaginous tumor of the cervical spine in a 31-year-old man is described, with discussion of the differential diagnostic problems both in aspiration biopsy cytology and in histopathology. The tumor mass caused nasopharyngeal swelling and infiltrated the base of the skull and the spinal canal. Aspiration biopsy cytology of the tumor demonstrated mostly papillary epithelial groupings, causing differential diagnostic problems with thyroid and salivary gland carcinomas. Most of the tumor mass was resected, with postoperative radiation performed. Immunohistochemical staining for type II procollagen on the histologic sections confirmed the presence of cartilage. The epithelial components of the tumor appeared to be cytokeratin-positive. Immunohistochemical staining for laminin and type IV collagen revealed positivity only in the blood vessel walls. The diagnosis of cervical chordoma was established by the histologic examination. The patient is without symptoms two years after removal of the tumor.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The Lukes-Collins and Kiel classifications for non-Hodgkin lymphomas. A retrospective study considering both classifications and their relationships to stage, sex, age, and survival.

359 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas referred to Oulu University Hospital between 1964 to 1981, inclusive, were reclassified histologically according to the criteria of Lukes-Collins as well as Lennert's histological classifications. The requirements to enter this study were fulfilled only in 280 cases. After the evaluation of the results certain observations emerged. Firstly, within the Lukes-Collins classification: Nodularity was predominantly related to the SC and LC types. Nodularity is indicative of better survival. The Lukes-Collins classification correlates well with clinical stage as well as with age. The Burkitt and convoluted types were found to be predominantly related to childhood or to younger patients and the non-Burkitt type most frequently to the older groups. The Lukes-Collins classification separates well two clear prognostic groups, the favourable group (LC, SC, PC, and SL types), with an overall median survival of 44 months, and the unfavourable group (LNC, IS, convoluted, undefined, and SNC types), with an overall median survival of 11 months. No differences in survival were observed between the LNC, LC, and IS diffuse types. Stage, general symptoms and laboratory findings were also evaluated. Secondly, within the Kiel classification: Nodularity has been found mainly in the CB-CC type, but also in 27% of the CC cases. The relationship of the subtypes according to the Kiel classification and age resembles the same relation found with the Lukes-Collins classification. According to the Kiel classification, the Burkitt, convoluted, and lymphoblastic types were related to children and young adults. A proportion of the LB type occurs also in older groups. Three prognostic groups were identified, the favourable (CB-CC foll. and PC types), with an overall median survival in excess of 80 months, an intermediate group (CB-CC foll. - diff., CC, and CLL), with an overall median survival of 38 months, and an unfavourable group (Conv, CB, CB-CC diff., UC, IB, and Burkitt types), with a median survival of 11 months. The CC type in this study was controversial in its morphological acceptability.

Adolescent↗