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Biomedical subjects

M Apostolopoulos

Publications and source records attributed to M Apostolopoulos.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Multifocal ERG changes before and after macular hole surgery.

To evaluate the visual function of 15 eyes suffering from macular hole the multifocal ERG was used pre and postoperatively. In all the cases a successful vitrectomy has been done with macular hole closure in all the eyes. The Multifocal ERG shows an improvement of retinal response density in regions 1 and 2, even in the 2 eyes with unchanged visual acuity postoperatively. Although a relationship exist between the postoperative retinal response density and the visual acuity, the retinal response density varies between eyes with the same visual acuity.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Herpes simplex virus type 2: a cause of acute retinal necrosis syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN) in a 13-year-old immunocompetent girl. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cultures, flow cytometry, and cytology were performed on the vitreous sample. RESULTS: Both PCR studies and vitreous cultures revealed HSV-2 as the cause of ARN. Flow cytometry showed CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer cells. The visual outcome of the patient was 20/200. CONCLUSION: Successful culture of HSV-2 from the vitreous specimen in a patient with ARN proved HSV-2 to be one of the causes of ARN. The successful culture of HSV-2 has not been previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of macular function by multifocal electroretinogram before and after epimacular membrane surgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate macular function before and after successful surgical peeling of idiopathic epimacular membranes by means of multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) and measuring the first order Kernel. METHODS: Multifocal ERG of 10 patients (10 eyes) with idiopathic epimacular membrane were recorded before and after successful macular peeling. The retinal response densities of areas 1 and 2 were compared pre- and postoperatively and the functional state of the retina beneath the epimacular membrane was evaluated. The postoperative period was 3-6 months. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the electrical retinal response densities in the foveal and the perifoveal area were apparently decreased. After a mean postoperative period of 3 months the electrical response densities of the above areas improved. This improvement continued 6 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: In idiopathic epimacular membranes, the decrease in retinal electrophysiologic response was not limited to the fovea but also involved the perifoveal area. The electrical retinal response density of these areas gradually improved after peeling of the epimacular membrane.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Platelet [3H]paroxetine binding in panic disorder.

Platelet [3H]paroxetine binding was measured in 20 patients (14 females, six males) with panic disorder and 20 normal controls (14 females, six males). For patients with panic disorder, Bmax was 1987 +/- 1135 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- SD) compared with control Bmax values of 1626 +/- 611 fmol/mg protein. The mean Kd value for the patients was 0.076 +/- 0.056 nM and for the controls was 0.083 +/- 0.033 nM. ANCOVA indicated no significant effect of sex, diagnosis (panic disorder vs. normal controls) or season of sampling on either Kd or Bmax. The data provide no evidence for an abnormality of the platelet uptake mechanism in panic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serotonergic function in panic disorder: endocrine responses to D-fenfluramine.

1. Prolactin and cortisol responses to d-fenfluramine were measured in 16 patients with DSM-III-R panic disorder and 14 normal controls. 2. Patients showed a greater mean prolactin response than controls but the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05, MANOVA). 3. No consistent differences were observed between patients and controls with respect to cortisol responses (P > 0.05, MANOVA). 4. The results do not support the hypothesis of hypersensitive post-synaptic serotonin receptors in patients with panic disorder. 5. Studies in larger groups are necessary to confirm the trend and to explore receptor subtype sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Neuroendocrine responses to single doses of buspirone in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Prolactin and cortisol responses to buspirone, a partial serotonin agonist with effects on the 5-HT1A receptor, were measured in 16 patients with DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 16 normal controls. No consistent differences were observed between patients and controls with respect to the hormone responses measured. The results suggest that dysfunction of the 5-HT1A receptor is not present in OCD patients. The limitations of buspirone as a specific agonist challenge of the 5-HT1A receptor are discussed. Although data from other studies generally support a serotonin dysfunction in OCD, the question of which specific subtype(s) of receptor remains unanswered.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The use of tissue plasminogen activator in postvitrectomy cases.

The study concerns 17 eyes which, following vitrectomy, were given an injection of 25 micrograms of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Of these 17 cases, ten showed a severe fibrin formation in the anterior chamber, 3 cases showed vitreous hemorrhage (one of them with hyphema), 2 had fibrin formation and cellular proliferation, while in one case tPA was injected at the end of the vitrectomy because of perisilicone proliferation and in one case because of fibrin depositions on the intraocular lens. The tPA was injected into the anterior chamber (10 eyes) or into the vitreous cavity (7 eyes). The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 15 months (mean period 9 1/2 months). Fibrinolysis was noted in the 10 cases with fibrin formation in the anterior chamber. Fibrin dissolution was achieved within 3-4 hours. None of these cases presented a recurrence throughout the follow-up period. Positive results were observed also in the case with perisilicone proliferation. On the contrary in 3 cases with postvitrectomy hemorrhage the hemorrhage persisted unchanged. Also in 2 cases with fibrin formation and cellular proliferation on the anterior and posterior surface of the iris the tPA injection proved ineffective. Both cases developed traction retinal detachment (TRD) due to anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In the case with fibrin depositions on the intraocular lens the situation remained unchanged. Any complications observed in our case proved to be mild and transitory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prolactin response to dl-fenfluramine in panic disorder.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that serotonin receptors are hypersensitive in patients with panic disorder. Eleven patients and 12 controls received a single PO dose of 60 mg of dl-fenfluramine at 0900h on a single occasion. Blood samples were collected with an indwelling intravenous catheter at 30-min intervals from 0930h to 1530h and prolactin determined by radioimmunoassay. In both groups, fenfluramine induced a rise in the plasma prolactin concentration from baseline. The patients showed a greater increase in prolactin response than the normal controls. This result is consistent with the hypothesis of increased serotonin receptor function in patients with panic disorder.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Recurring vitreous body hemorrhages due to a retinal vessel drawn into the vitreous body cavity].

Six cases of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage are described. The hemorrhage was due to a retinal vessel rupture or injury caused by vitreous traction. The traction was exerted by the detached vitreous and the vessel drawn into its cavity without the simultaneous occurrence of a tear in the retinal area corresponding to the point of traction. The avulsed vessel was usually a small vein in the upper temporal fundus quadrant. The vessel either projected as a hooklet into the vitreous cavity or its peripheral end was found to be floating freely within the cavity after having moved away from the retina. Treatment consisted in laser coagulation alone or in conjunction with an indentation created by fixing a silicon episcleral explant. Recurrent vitreous hemorrhages caused by a retinal vessel drawn into the vitreous cavity after posterior vitreous detachment without a retinal tear have hitherto not been accorded the attention they deserve.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Some clinical aspects concerning diplopia after retinal detachment surgery with cryopexy and episcleral silastic sponge (author's transl)].

The aetiology of diplopia following retinal detachment surgery after the Lincoff-Custodis method is examined. Of 140 patients operated, 16 (i.e. 11.4%) developed diplopia. The authors believe that this diplopia is due to a fixation of the eyeball at the point of the silastic sponge placement. As responsible factors, which depend on the manner of sponge fixation and the size of the sponge, they regard: Alteration of the bulb curvature, shortening of the Tenon's capsule placed over the sponge, and changes in the conditions of muscular action.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late complications in branch retinal vein occlusion.

Neovascularization in branch retinal vein occlusion usually develops 6-12 months after the onset of the disease, although some cases have been reported in which neovascularization and subsequent vitreous haemorrhage developed 2-3 years later. This is a report of nine cases of late appearance of vitreous haemorrhage due to branch retinal vein occlusion, which occurred 3-6 years after the initial onset of the disease. In two of these nine cases the vitreous haemorrhage was very profound and had to be managed by vitrectomy. We have studied the remaining seven cases, which had retinal ischaemia and optic disc or retinal neovascularization documented by fluorescein angiographic examination. Laser coagulation was applied in these seven cases, which resulted in considerable regression of the neovascularization and absorption of the vitreous haemorrhage. In one out of the seven cases recurrent vitreous haemorrhages appeared and it was finally treated by vitrectomy. Visual acuity improved in six of the seven cases. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 48 months. The late appearance of the ischaemic type of branch retinal vein occlusion with neovascularization can be attributed to the change in character of the initially mild oedematous form of the disease. Partial posterior vitreous detachment and traction exerted at some later stage upon the neovascularization could be additional factors of the late appearance of vitreous haemorrhage. Patients with branch retinal vein occlusion should be followed up regularly over a long period of time in order to avoid late complications of the disease, such as vitreous haemorrhage following optic disc or retinal neovascularization.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy: treatment with laser photocoagulation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser treatment in eyes with diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE). METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 56 consecutive patients (78 eyes) with DRPE. All eyes were treated with digital fluorescein angiography guided argon green laser photocoagulation, direct on the focal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leaks and in a grid pattern to the RPE decompensation areas. A processed digital red-free fundus image including all the important traces on it was used as a guide to the laser treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 7 years. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up time, 70 (89.7%) eyes showed anatomic improvement with complete or partial resolution of the macular exudative lesions. Visual acuity of less than 20/40 was noted in 60 eyes (76.9%) preoperatively compared with 46 eyes (59.0%) finally (p=0.0252). The visual acuity was improved in 19 eyes (24.4%), stabilized in 51 (65.4%), and reduced in only 8 eyes (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In this series of patients with DRPE, the results of laser treatment were uniformly satisfactory producing a gradual resolution of the macular exudative lesions and an improvement or stabilization of the visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy associated with Doyne's familial choroiditis: treatment with thermal laser.

PURPOSE: To report the unusual occurrence of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a patient with Doyne's familial honeycomb choroiditis (DFHC) and its course after laser treatment. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography guided laser was performed on active polypoidal lesions. RESULTS: A 45-year-old man with a 15-year history of bilateral DFCH and a scarred macular choroidal neovascularization in the right eye (RE) was referred to us with exudative maculopathy in the left eye (LE). His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/800 in the RE and 20/40 in the LE. ICG angiography revealed a picture that was characteristic for PCV in both eyes. ICG guided argon green laser was performed on the active parapapillary and perifoveal polypoidal lesions of the LE. Eight months after the laser photocoagulation treatment, the macular exudative lesions had subsided and the BCVA improved to 20/20. The favorable anatomic and functional results have remained stable over 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a PCV that occurred secondary to DFHC.

Choroid↗