Xenografts of human bladder cancer in immune-deprived mice.
Human bladder cancer from cystoscopic biopsies and from established cell lines was transplanted into mice that were immune suppressed by thymectomy plus sequential treatment with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and whole-body irradiation. Each of four established human bladder cancer cell lines generated transplantable tumors in these mice, and some of the mice developed pulmonary metastases. Eight of 33 cystoscopically obtained biopsies of transitional cell carcinoma and one from a metastatic site led to xenografts that grew progressively, and some of these have been transplanted and/or have generated cell lines in vitro. Xenografts grew after a lag period of 0 to 32 weeks and had doubling times of 9 to 30 days. All of those examined histologically were consistent with transitional cell carcinoma, but some of the xenografts became more or less well differentiated in first and subsequent passages. The immune-deprived mouse is an alternative host to the nude mouse for generation of human tumor xenografts and may be a useful model for study of biological properties and therapeutic response of human bladder cancer.