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Biomedical subjects

M Aronson

Publications and source records attributed to M Aronson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Children of alcoholic mothers. Growth and motor performance compared to matched controls.

Twenty-one children born 1970-76, selected from 103 children of 30 alcoholic women, were paired to controls matched for sex, age, birth weight and gestational age. The sample (10 girls, 11 boys) was representative of the whole group with regard to weight, length and head circumference at birth. At follow-up (mean age 70 months) the study group was significantly leaner, shorter and had smaller mean head circumference than the control group. The controls had significant catch-up growth from birth to follow-up of weight, height and head circumference to the mean for Swedish children. The study group had no catch-up growth. Compared to controls the study group had significantly lower fine and gross motor age test scores and inferior coordination. One child had cerebral palsy (spastic hemiplegia) and in 6 other children slight tremor and ataxia were observed. Malformations and/or other signs of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were found in 10 cases. Study group children with FAS had significantly slower growth of head circumference than others without FAS. Children placed in foster home care (n = 11) were found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) lower birth weight, birth length and head circumference than children raised at home (n = 10). There were no significant differences at follow up between study group children raised in foster homes or in homes of their biological mother.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1985

Children of alcoholic mothers. Developmental, perceptual and behavioural characteristics as compared to matched controls.

From a retrospective material including all the 103 children of 30 alcoholic women, the 21 youngest born 1970-76, were paired to controls matched for sex, age, birth weight, gestational age and living area. IQ scores were measured with Griffiths and WISC scales. Controls tested within the normal range for Swedish children, while the study group scored 15-19 IQ points below controls (p less than 0.01), the means of the study group corresponding to -1.6 SD below means of the controls. Significant differences between the groups were found in all subscales. Visual perception was measured with Frostig's test. Perceptual age was generally equal to mental age except in the most severely affected cases where perceptional age was lower than mental age. A marked perceptual delay exceeding 1 year was found in 8/17 tested cases in the study group, while all controls were normal. Developmental levels evaluated from Human Figure Drawings according to Koppitz was in accordance with IQ test results. Indicators of emotional instability were found significantly more often in the study group than in controls. Hyperactivity, distractability and short attention span were found in 12/21 cases and perseveration in 6/21 cases but not among controls. Members of the study group with traits of the fetal alcohol syndrome (10/21) had significantly lower IQ and perceptual delay was more pronounced than in members without such signs. No significant IQ difference was found between subjects reared in foster homes and in biological homes.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1985

Population shift in mannose-specific fimbriated phase of Klebsiella pneumoniae during experimental urinary tract infection in mice.

The infection rate (percentage of mice shedding 10(5) organisms per ml of urine) in 27 mice infected intravesicularly with a mannose-specific (MS+) phenotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae was 85% at day 7, and all the bacteria shed during the 7 days exhibited strong MS activity as estimated by a yeast aggregation assay. In contrast, the outcome of infection with an MS- phenotype of the same strain in 47 mice was heterogeneous: one group of 25 mice continued to shed the originally injected phenotype (MS-) throughout the investigation period, whereas the second group (22 mice) shed bacteria with various degrees of phenotypic conversion to MS+. In the first group, the rate of infection at day 7 was significantly reduced (28%) compared with that of the second group (68%). Mice infected with a mixture of 5% MS+ bacteria and 95% of an MS- variant which lost its ability to undergo phase variation had an infection rate of 89%, but at day 7 95% of the excreted bacteria were MS+. The infection rate of mice injected with the MS- variant was 14%, and none of the mice shed MS+ bacteria. The incidence of kidney pathology was higher in mice inoculated with the MS+ phenotype (3 of 10) or in the group in which the MS+ overgrew the MS- phenotype (4 of 10) as compared with the group of mice in which no such shift occurred (1 of 11). The kidneys of four mice which excreted mostly MS+ organisms harbored a population predominantly of the MS- phenotype. These results suggest that the MS adhesin confers an advantage in the initial steps of the infectious process in the bladder but not in later stages of infection in the kidney, emphasizing the importance of phase variation in the survival of bacteria at the various stages of the infectious process.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

Culture of thymic epithelial cells from mice and age-related studies on the growing cells.

Culture of epithelial cells from the thymus of mice was achieved in a medium modified to favor epithelial growth while inhibiting proliferation of fibroblasts. Epithelial cells were identified by the presence of desmosomes in electron microscopic preparations and by antibody to intermediate filaments containing keratin. Morphologically, the cells thus positively identified displayed two main patterns: carpets of large flat cells resembling paving stones which are confluent along the length of their membranes, and networks of cells interconnected by long cytoplasmic processes. These two types of cells were dominant in cultures derived from mice of all ages tested (newborn to nine months) but the relative proportion of each type appeared to change with the age of the donor mice and also with the concentrations of cortisone in the culture medium. Autoradiography revealed that the cultured cells were dividing, and that (in the presence of cortisone) the rate of DNA synthesis was decreased in a portion of the epithelial cells derived from mice in which thymic involution was already underway.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Sequential study of bacterial clearance in experimental cystitis.

Clearance of Escherichia coli in experimental cystitis was studied in the diuresing mouse model. Urine was collected daily; sediment was isolated by cytocentrifugation and either stained or treated with fluorescent antibodies directed against mouse immunoglobulins. During the initial phase of the infection the bacteria were either free and dispersed or adhering to epithelial cells but not generally to polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Subsequently, the bacteria adhered to each other, to epithelial cells and to PMNs, were phagocytosed by the latter and showed strong fluorescence. It is postulated that the appearance of opsonising and agglutinating antibodies in conjunction with activity of the PMNs is involved in bacterial clearance.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

A model for adhesion formation by thermal injury in the abdominal cavity of the mouse.

An experimental model for inducing peritoneal adhesions in mice is described. Measurable thermal trauma can be inflicted by the application of a heated metal object, for a given lapse of time, to the surface of a section of mouse intestine. Parameters of temperature, area and application time were so manipulated as to obtain adhesions in only 70-75% of treated mice. It is maintained that this model can enable better evaluation of various prophylactic means and also the detection of exacerbating agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cellular events in adhesion formation due to thermal trauma.

Consequent to thermal traumatization of the intestinal wall of the mouse, histopathological events ensue which lead to peritoneal adhesion formation. In the first 48 h, the main pathological findings are of a necrotic and inflammatory nature, but subsequently fibroplasia is the main feature, as evidenced by the appearance of spindle-shaped cells followed by fibroblasts. Factors essential for and contributing to the formation of adhesions are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of protamine chloride and sulphate in relation to the heparin rebound phenomenon.

The heparin rebound phenomenon is observed when protamine sulphate, but not protamine chloride, is employed for the neutralization of heparin. On investigating the stability of several protamine compounds towards the protaminolytic activity of human plasma, we found that while protamine chloride was stable, both the sulphate and the phosphate were degradeable. The free base showed intermediary stability which persisted upon its conversion to either chloride or sulphate. Likewise, conversion of the sulphate into the chloride by means of an ion exchange column, did not alter its sensitivity. Apparently, the stability of protamine derivatives is not influenced by the specific anion bound to them but is rather acquired in the course of the manufacturing procedures involved in their preparation.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1983

Heparin receptors on mouse macrophages.

This study deals with the nature of the attachment between the macrophage cell membrane and heparin molecules. Treatments intended to remove or internalise macrophage receptors (trypsinisation and stimulation of phagocytosis respectively) were shown to considerably modulate the attachment of heparin. An excess of heparin fractions ranging in mean molecular weight from 8100 to 25700 all inhibited attachment of 35S heparin as did a mixed isomer chondroitin sulphate preparation. Our study provides evidence for the presence of receptors for sulphated glycosamino-glycans on the mouse macrophage cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

In search of the biopsychosocial perspective: an experiment with beginning medical students.

The authors assessed the clinical thinking of medical students before, during, and after their first extensive in-hospital learning experience and exposure to physician role models. They found that more than 90% of the students' requests for additional data in response to videotaped simulated patient interviews were for biologic information; approximately 66% of all respondents in six separate trials failed to request a single psychological or social item concerning the patient. The authors discuss the pervasiveness of the biomedical rather than the biopsychosocial mentality and its implications for medical education as well as clinical teaching, decision making, and practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Leukocyte agglomeration test to reveal bacterial infections in mice.

A simple and rapid procedure was used to detecting covert bacterial infections in mice. The procedure was based on observations that bacterial infections were associated with clumping of leukocytes. A large drop of citrated venous blood was placed on a slide and allowed to spread. After fixation and staining the percentage of agglomerated leukocytes was determined by counting. Experimental urinary tract infections caused by either Escherichia coli or Proteus mirabilis served as a model to test the efficacy of the method. Elevation of leukocyte agglomeration was observed in these localized infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparative histology of the mouse bladder following initial infection and re-infection with Escherichia coli.

The present study continues our investigation of the bladder antimicrobial mechanisms following bacterial infection. Since the process of spontaneous clearance of bacteria (E. coli) from the mouse bladder is greatly accelerated upon re-infection, a histopathological comparison was made of initially infected (II) versus re-infected (RI) mice. It was reconfirmed that the spontaneous clearance upon re-infection is indeed much faster than after the initial infection. There were morphological differences between these two courses of infection, as well as in the localization and composition of the inflammatory response. Thus cellular infiltration was more evident in the epithelium of the II mice, whereas the RI animals displayed increased cellular exudation in the lamina propria. It was also found that the dominant cell in the II mouse is the granulocyte and in the RI mouse--lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. This last finding is suggestive of a local immunological process. The overall results are consistent with the notion that a local immune response develops in the infected bladder and participates in the enhanced clearance in RI animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Mode of binding and internalization into mouse macrophages of heparin complexed with polycations.

Heparin uptake by cultured macrophages was investigated from the standpoint of: (1) whether the increased uptake in the presence of polycations is due to charge neutralization, and (2) whether the heparin becomes internalized. Regarding the first point, our results are compatible with the notion that charge neutralization is mainly responsible for the enhanced uptake of heparin in the presence of protamine, histone, poly(DL-lysine) and poly(L-ornithine). As for the second point, chasing experiments at low and high temperatures strongly suggest that while heparin binds onto the cell membrane at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, it undergoes internalization only at 37 degrees C.

Animals↗