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Biomedical subjects

M Arora

Publications and source records attributed to M Arora.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Evaluation of a simple technique for rapid access to left main bronchus.

A suction catheter with dual curvature at its tip was evaluated for its successful rapid access to left main bronchus. The catheter with dual curvature was passed through endotracheal tube in neutral position of head in 58 adult patients of both sexes in need of mechanical ventilation. Bedside x-ray (AP view) chest was taken to confirm its location. It is observed that this suction catheter had very high success rate of 95% in first attempt and 100% after repositioning endothracheal tube. It did not require any position alteration of head or body and easily allowed aspiration from left lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The rate of osteoclastic destruction of calcified tissues is inversely proportional to mineral density.

This study examined the relative ease with which three dissimilar mineralized tissues from one individual organ were resorbed by osteoclasts in vitro. Cells released from the long bones of prehatch chicks by agitating fragments of the chopped bones in medium were cultured for 24 hours on slices cut from an Elephas maximus molar so that enamel, dentine, and coronal cementum were present in bands on the surface of the slice. The resultant pits were measured using a video-rate, line-confocal reflection light microscope system. Variations in tissue mineralization were characterized by analysis of digital backscattered electron images. The enamel pits were smaller than the dentine and the cementum pits, but the dentine and cementum pits were not significantly different from each other. The sizes of the pits correlated with the relative mineral densities of the three tissues, showing that the rate of osteoclastic destruction of calcified tissues is inversely proportional to mineral density. This indicates that the initial step in osteoclasis, the removal of the mineral phase, determines the volume removed and is the rate-limiting step.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Controlled comparison of interceed and amniotic membrane graft in the prevention of postoperative adhesions in the rabbit uterine horn model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Interceed TC7 (Johnson & Johnson Medical, New Brunswick, NJ) and gamma-irradiated human amniotic membrane graft in prevention of postoperative adhesions in the rabbit uterine horn model. SETTING: A conventional animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Virgin, female New Zealand white rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: Both uterine horns were subjected to clean transverse cuts 1 cm apart at the antimesenteric border. The left uterine horn was left uncovered in each case to act as a control. The right uterine horn was randomly covered with either Interceed TC7 or human amniotic membrane. OUTCOME MEASURES: Adhesion score was evaluated 4 weeks after the initial surgery. Samples of each uterine horn were collected for histopathological studies, and subserosal inflammatory score. RESULTS: Interceed resulted in higher adhesion scores and subserosal inflammation score than the control side (P = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). A similar difference was found for amniotic membrane when compared with the uncovered control side (P = < 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Interceed TC7 failed to have the preventive effect on adhesion formation it is claimed to possess. Amniotic membrane performed poorly too. Therefore, gentle tissue handling, irrigation and good surgical skills remain the most important prerequisite for adhesion prevention.

Amnion↗
PubMed1994

Is Percoll safe for in vivo use?

Fourteen virgin female rabbits were injected with 60% Percoll solution in the right ovary and uterine horn and sperm prepared with Percoll in the left ovary and uterine horn. Histologic examination after 4 weeks showed no inflammatory cell infiltration in either uterine horns or ovaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Lumbar vertebral and femoral neck bone mineral density are higher in postmenopausal women with the alpha 2HS-glycoprotein 2 phenotype.

alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) is a plasma protein which becomes concentrated in the organic matrix of bone. The two most common alleles, AHSG*1 and AHSG*2, give rise to three common phenotypes. A recent report showed that a group of postmenopausal white North American women with different AHSG phenotypes differed significantly with respect to their oestrogen status. We have studied variations in bone mineral density, measured by DEXA, and levels of sex hormones and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in a group of 88 post-menopausal women unselected as to their health status. Lumbar vertebral and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), and the free oestradiol index were all significantly higher (P < 0.05) in women with the AHSG 2 phenotype. Values of these three parameters were lowest in the AHSG 1 phenotype and intermediate in the AHSG 2-1 phenotype. Because the differences in BMD between the AHSG 2 and 1 phenotypes represent at least a 40% difference in fracture risk, the AHSG phenotype may be of some clinical relevance as a risk factor for osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Human leukocyte antigen typing and associated abnormalities in premature ovarian failure.

A case-controlled study was designed to assess the distribution of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A, B, Cw, DR and DQ, and associated abnormalities in patients with premature ovarian failure (POF). A total of 37 patients in a tertiary care centre were diagnosed as having POF; all were < 37 years old. A subset was HLA-typed. The occurrence of associated diseases in patients with POF was recorded. A comparison of HLA typing was made between patients with POF and 100 organ donors from the same population. No statistically significant difference in the distribution of A, B, Cw, DR and DQ antigens was found between the study and control groups when corrected for the number of antigens tested. The commonest associated abnormality was positive autoimmune screen (43.3%). Abnormal thyroid function tests were detected in 23.3% of the patients. The observed high frequency of associated autoimmune phenomena in patients with POF points to an underlying autoimmune disorder in POF and warrants further studies to unravel the pathology of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The incidence and size of gap junctions between the bone cells in rat calvaria.

Polyclonal antisera to synthetic peptides matching sequences on the cytoplasmic regions of connexin-43, a gap junction protein first identified in rat heart, have been used to immunolabel gap junctions in the calvarial bone, maintained intact as in vivo, of 1- to 2-week-old rats. The specimens were examined in reflection and fluorescence modes by scanning laser confocal microscopy, and the numbers of gap junctions and their sizes estimated. The mean number of connexin-43 immunolabelled junctions per osteoblast (n = 65) was 15.3 (SD +/- 4.5). The mean length of 227 junctions, selected for the sharpness of the image of the fluorescent spot, was 0.67 micron (SD +/- 0.18; range 0.37-1.29 microns) and their mean area 0.26 micron2 (SD +/- 0.145; range 0.075-0.93 micron2); these probably fell within the upper half of the total size range. Gap junctions were detected between preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes, and between these juxtaposed cell types. In addition, connexin-43 immunolabelled junctions were found between some osteoclasts and overlying mononuclear cells at active sites of resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in pelvic inflammatory disease.

Endocervical swabs and peritoneal aspirate from the pouch of Douglas (POD) were taken in 50 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and in 50 controls for the detection of C. trachomatis antigen (Chlamydiazyme). C. trachomatis antigen was detected from endocervix in 8 per cent patients and 2 per cent controls (P greater than 0.05), while from the POD it was detected in 44 per cent patients and in none of the control women (P less than 0.005). There was a higher detection rate of C. trachomatis antigen from the POD in women with chronic PID (50%) as compared to acute PID (28.5%; P greater than 0.05). Culdocentesis was found to be a simple and reliable OPD procedure for obtaining material for C. trachomatis antigen detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Identification of Corynebacterium jeikeium and Corynebacterium CDC group D2 with the API 20 Strep system.

A total of 170 strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium and 23 strains of Corynebacterium group D2 were examined in three British laboratories using the API 20 Strep identification system and three supplementary tests (catalase production, urease production and nitrate reduction). The isolates were collected from clinical specimens in various laboratories over a three-year period. The two species produced consistent reactions in these tests after 24 h. Two tests were highly discriminatory, with positive reactions for ribose fermentation seen for Corynebacterium jeikeium while urease production was observed with Corynebacterium group D2. This method allows routine clinical laboratories to rapidly identify these emerging pathogens.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of vibrational spectra of polyaniline doped with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

Vibrational spectra of insulator emeraldine base (EB) form of polyaniline and electrical conductive sulfuric acid- and phosphoric acid-doped emeraldine salts (ES) were studied in the region of 4000-400 cm(-1) at ambient temperature by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Infrared transmittance spectra of EB and ES were investigated to understand the bonding behavior of different organic and inorganic groups present in the polymeric chains and their structural variations on protonation by sulfate or phosphate ion inclusion in the polymer salt network. These studies revealed the para-coupling of deformed disubstituted benzenoid (B) and quinoid (Q) rings with ends capped predominantly by (B4Q1) units. The deformation of B and Q rings was confirmed by the appearance of many weak bands, very weak bands, and satellite structures in strong transmittance peaks of polymeric chain-constituting groups. Protonation takes place at the nitrogen sites of Q rings and forms semiquinone radical ions in ES. The vibrational bands pertaining to B rings, Q rings, B4Q1 units, semiquinone segment, sulfate ions, and phosphate ions were observed and assigned from these measurements. The shift in peak position of some bands with gain or loss in intensity and appearance of some new bands were observed in sulfuric acid- and phosphoric acid-doped ES spectra. These variations are attributed to the formation of new structural groups in ES on protonation and a change in crystalline field by sulfate and phosphate ion doping for crosslinking the polymeric chains.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of hydrocephalus.

The present study is an analysis of 747 patients with hydrocephalus, treated and followed up in the Hydrocephalus Clinic run by the department of Paediatric Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The distribution of patients was: congenital-46%, post-meningomyelocoele excision-28%, post-meningitic-21% and others-5% (including post haemorrhagic and post encephalocoele excision hydrocephalus. The average age was 7 months in the shunted group and 10 months in the medical group with overall male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The data were analysed to study the effect of treatment on ventriculomegaly and mental development with special reference to the type of treatment (shunt versus medical) and age at starting treatment. The probability of shunt failure was also studied. A comparison of ventricular size in US/CAT scans between the time of starting treatment and last follow-up revealed improvement in ventriculomegaly in 60% of the shunted patients but only 30% of the medically treated patients. A significant difference was particularly noted in patients with severe hydrocephalus, 72% and 22%, respectively. Comparison of the mean Mental Performance Quotient (MPQ) scores in the shunted & medically treated patients also revealed significantly better MPQ scores in the shunted group (p = < 0.001). Probability of shunt survival, as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, revealed that there is a high rate of shunt failure in the first 12 months, followed by a dramatic slowing down. Our observations support the contention that CSF shunt surgery offers better outcome than medical management even when ventriculomegaly is severe at the time of presentation.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurotransplantation in the treatment of Parkinson disease: follow-up].

The paper presents the results of follow-up of 11 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) after neurotransplantation (NT) of fetal brain dopaminergic suspension into the caudatus and putamen on one or two sides. All the patients were clinically assessed at least 3 months before and during a follow-up (for as long as 9 years) in accordance with the Core Assessment Program for Intracranial Transplantation (CAPIT) by a Russian group of the Network of European CNS Transplantation and Restoration (NECTAR) Programme by using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (URDRS). An analysis of clinical findings showed that: 1) there was a slight amelioration in bradykinesia, rigidity, and smaller dosage of L-DOPA; 2) tremor and drug-induced dyskinesia remained unchanged; 3) subsequently (till 9 years), the clinical effect slightly decreased in almost all patients with PD and in some of them the clinical status became worse than that prior to surgery; 4) repeated NT (2 cases) in the striatum contralaterally did not improved the situation; 5) only neurostimulation of subcortical structures improved clinical results. So we can conclude that NT alone cannot be beneficial and requires additional interventions at the subcortical level.

Adult↗