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Biomedical subjects

M Arr

Publications and source records attributed to M Arr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Antibiotic prophylaxis for high risk patients undergoing cholecystectomy].

An open, randomised clinical trial was performed on 435 high risk patients who underwent open cholecystectomy between 1 = January 1993. and 31. December 1995. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 (AMOX/CLAV, N = 179) was treated with 1.2 g i.v. amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, the patients in Group 2 (COMPARATOR, N = 164) were given other antibiotics commonly used for prophylaxis in biliary surgery (cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefotaxim). Group 3 (CONTROL, N = 92) contained patients without any risk factors for infectious complication. In this group we did not use antibiotic prophylaxis. The results were analysed with Student t, and x2 methods. The wound infection rate in Group 1 was 2.76% versus 5.48% in Group 2. The difference was significant if the patients were older than 65 years or the preoperative hospitalisation was longer than 5 days. The concentration of amoxycillin/calavulanic acid was measured in the serum, in the wall of the gall bladder, in the bile obtained both from the gall bladder and the major bile duct. The observed levels were higher than the therapeutic concentration in the serum and in the bile gained from the major bile duct, whereas lower in the gall bladder wall, and in the bile gained from the gall bladder. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is required for open cholecystectomy in high risk patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Clinical observations with Péflacine.

The results of our study prove--incongruency with data in references--that pefloxacin, Pèflacine (EGIS-Rhône-Poulenc-Rorer) can be successfully used in the treatment of severe, medium severity infections acquired in hospitals. Our observations refer to urinary tract, hepatic-biliary tract, and lower respiratory tract infections. Differences were not found between the effectivity of oral and intravenous drug doses. Side-effects were observed in a relatively low number of cases, in 10% of the patients. On the basis of our observations pefloxacin seems to be an effective drug which can be used safely.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from in-patients receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Distribution by serogroup, phage type, colicin production, colicin type, sensitivity to antibiotics and plasmid characteristics of 74 Escherichia coli and 11 Klebsiella strains isolated from hospitalized patients receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy indicated that the infections were not associated with the hospital environment. Resistance was tested to 26 antibiotics, some of them being not generally used in therapy; 30 strains were resistant to 4 to 17 antibiotics. There was a significant difference in the antibiotic resistance of strains derived from patients with urinary-tract infections (UTI) and with leukaemia (LP). As compared to the UTI group, among E. coli strains in the LP group the frequency of multiple resistance was significantly higher, the MIC values were higher and R-plasmids were more frequent. Out of 30 multiple resistant E. coli strains 27 were R-plasmid carriers. Three different kinds of plasmid profile were shown in more than one strain (2 out of 10 UTI strains and 3 and 2 out of 10 LP strains). The rest of the isolates differed in plasmid profile from these and from one another; the presence of "epidemic plasmid" was not demonstrated. Plasmid epidemiological examinations may forecast the efficacy of an antibiotic or of a group of antibiotics.

Colicins↗
PubMed1985

Long-term intermittent netilmicin therapy of chronic pyelonephritis: a pharmacokinetic and clinical study.

A trial was conducted with long-term intermittent netilmicin therapy in six patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis. Netilmicin was given in full dose for a period of 3-10 days (2-6 mg/kg/day), followed by 2 mg/kg doses once or twice weekly for 3-6 months. Individual doses were determined by computer based on the age, sex, lean body weight and serum creatinine concentrations of the patients. During the full-dose period of treatment netilmicin concentrations in serum were between 2 and 16 mg/l in serum and between 50 and 200 mg/l in urine. During intermittent treatment serum levels remained below 2 mg/l (except for 8-12 hours after dosing); in the urine concentrations were permanently in therapeutic ranges (150-4 mg/l). Renal tissue levels were simulated. Six to 12 months after long-term netilmicin treatment all patients are abacteriuric and free from symptoms. No auditory or renal toxic effects occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Microbiologic and clinical studies with cefuroxime.

The microbiologic and therapeutic efficacy of cefuroxime, a lactamase-stable cephalosporin, was studied. Of the 2532 bacterial isolates of clinical origin, 80-95% of the E. coli, indole-negative Proteus, Klebsiella-enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, and 72-74% of indole-positive Proteus and Streptococcus B haemolyticus strains were found susceptible to cefuroxime by the disc method. Forty-three bacterial infections of 36 patients were treated; most of them were critically or seriously ill at the start of treatment. Half of the patients had failed to respond to previous antibacterial therapy. Cefuroxime was administered in doses of 750 and 1500 mg, three times daily, for an average of 11 days (6-37 days). Ten patients received an aminoglycoside in addition to cefuroxime. Forty-one infections of 34 patients were cured, one relapsed, and one did not respond. The pathogen was identified in 36 infections; in 34 it was eradicated. Cefuroxime was well tolerated by all patients including one with penicillin allergy. No side effects occurred except local pain at the site of i.m. injections in two cases. It is concluded that cefuroxime has a high efficacy against resistant strains and an outstanding value in severe bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗