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Biomedical subjects

M B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to M B Anderson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Volume reduction surgery in the native lung after single lung transplantation for emphysema.

The natural history of emphysema suggests that progression of disease in the native lung may contribute to late deterioration in respiratory function after single lung transplantation. In this report, we describe our experience with unilateral volume reduction surgery in three single lung transplant recipients with emphysema. Each patient had had a late decline in lung function with a recurrence of symptoms. Chest radiographs demonstrated hyperinflation of the native lungs with encroachment on the grafts. Serial pulmonary function testing documented progressive reduction in expiratory flows with increases in residual volumes. Exercise testing confirmed severe intolerance to maximal exercise. Unilateral volume reduction surgery was undertaken at 36, 39, and 55 months after transplantation without incident. Radiographs obtained after the procedures demonstrated restoration of normal diaphragmatic contour, decreased aeration of the native lungs, and improved inflation of the allografts. Exercise testing at 3 months documented a mean improvement in maximal oxygen consumption of 35%. Expiratory flows improved by a mean of 60%. Quantitative ventilation and perfusion scans, however, were essentially unchanged. This experience suggests that unilateral volume reduction surgery may be considered as an alternative strategy in single lung transplant recipients with emphysema who exhibit clinically significant functional deterioration. Differentiation of the adverse effects of hyperinflation of the native lung from other potential causes of late deterioration might not be necessary but may be predictive of the degree of functional improvement after volume reduction. The relief of thoracic overdistention seems to play a primary role in the improvement pulmonary function.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Clinical value of radiologists' interpretations of perioperative radiographs of orthopedic patients.

The content and accuracy of radiographic interpretations by radiologists was assessed to determine the reports' ability to provide sufficient information necessary to make clinical treatment decisions. A retrospective review was performed of 371 radiographic studies (211 consecutive patients) and their reports which had been generated by three Board-certified radiologists. Data were collected regarding fracture assessment and description as well as the description and assessment of orthopedic implants. These descriptions were categorized by their ability to be used clinically (precise) or not (general). Fracture descriptions were considered complete for 85% of reports, while their assessment of alignment and displacement (necessary to determine fracture care) was complete on only 9%. Orthopedic implants were described precisely on 12% of reports with 7% of the descriptions in error. The effect and position of orthopedic implants were described precisely for only 27% and 25% of cases, respectively, while implant stability was assessed precisely in only 4% of cases. For 61% of preoperative studies, the radiologist's report was not available until after the surgical procedure had already been performed. For all variables considered, an average of 3% of descriptions contained an error. Radiologists' reports of radiographs of these patients undergoing orthopedic procedures did not contain sufficient descriptive information to be used clinically, were not promptly available, and contained an error for 3% of variables studied. The attending orthopedic surgeon has traditionally interpreted such radiographs and should continue to do so to provide patients with more immediate and complete clinical evaluation and management.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1995

Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma: a report of six cases.

Pulmonary artery tumors are rare and a frequently overlooked cause of pulmonary artery occlusion. The presentation is one of progressive pulmonary dysfunction and right ventricular failure. The diagnosis seldom is made preoperatively. We report 6 cases of primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery identified at operation, which were treated surgically. Resection with or without adjuvant therapy currently offers the only chance for survival. Emphasis must be placed on earlier identification of these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Organizational and psychological consultation in collegiate sports medicine groups.

The complex authority, accountability, and supervisory structures of sports medicine groups in athletic departments can lead to conflicts that affect healthcare delivery for student-athletes. The authors review consultation models that counselors, sport psychologists, and other organizational consultants can use in dealing with these problems in collegiate sports medicine groups and offer examples of improved functioning through systemic, group, and individual intervention.

Consultants↗
PubMed1994

Differential activation of protein kinase C isoforms by endothelin-1 and phenylephrine and subsequent stimulation of p42 and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases in ventricular myocytes cultured from neonatal rat hearts.

The translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, PKC-epsilon, and PKC-zeta from soluble to particulate fractions was studied in ventricular cardiomyocytes cultured from neonatal rats. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) caused a rapid ETA receptor-mediated translocation of PKC-delta and PKC-epsilon (complete in 0.5-1 min). By 3-5 min, both isoforms were returning to the soluble fraction, but a greater proportion of PKC-epsilon remained associated with the particulate fraction. The EC50 of translocation for PKC-delta was 11-15 nM ET-1 whereas that for PKC-epsilon was 1.4-1.7 nM. Phenylephrine caused a rapid translocation of PKC-epsilon (EC50 = 0.9 microM) but the proportion lost from the soluble fraction was less than with ET-1. Translocation of PKC-delta was barely detectable with phenylephrine. Neither agonist caused any consistent translocation of PKC-alpha or PKC-zeta. Activation of p42 and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by ET-1 or phenylephrine followed more slowly (complete in 3-5 min). Phosphorylation of p42-MAPK occurred simultaneously with its activation. The proportion of the total p42-MAPK pool phosphorylated in response to ET-1 (50%) was greater than with phenylephrine (20%). In addition to activation of MAPK, an unidentified p85 protein kinase was activated by ET-1 in the soluble fraction whereas an unidentified p58 protein kinase was activated in the particulate fraction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Sialyl Lewis X mimics derived from a pharmacophore search are selectin inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity.

The selectins, a family of adhesion receptors involved in leukocyte extravasation, recognize sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x); NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc) and related oligosaccharides. We used conformational energy computations, high field NMR, and structure-function studies to define distance parameters of critical functional groups of sLe(x). This sLe(x) pharmacophore was used to search a three-dimensional data base of chemical structures. Compounds that had a similar spatial relationship of functional groups were tested as inhibitors of selectin binding. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene glycoside, was identified and found to block selectin binding to sLe(x) in vitro. We substituted different sugars for the glucuronic acids of glycyrrhizin and found the L-fucose derivative to be the most active in vitro and in vivo. A C-fucoside derivative, synthesized on a linker designed for stability and to more closely approximate the original sLe(x) pharmacophore, resulted in an easily synthesized, effective selectin blocker with anti-inflammatory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protective action of zinc against cobalt-induced testicular damage in the mouse.

The purpose of this study was to determine if toxic effects of cobalt on the murine testis could be prevented by zinc, an essential metal for spermatogenesis. CD-1 male mice were administered one of the following in their drinking water: 1) 400 ppm CoCl2, 2) 800 ppm ZnCl2, 3) 400 ppm CoCl2 + 800 ppm ZnCl2, or 4) distilled water. After 13 weeks, animals were sacrificed and testes were excised, weighed, and processed for histologic study. Comparison of testicular weights revealed no difference between the control and zinc-treated groups, while there was a small but significant reduction in the zinc/cobalt-treated group, and a large reduction in the cobalt-treated group. Histologic evaluation of testes confirmed the degenerative effects of cobalt, as well as the normal morphology in the zinc-treated group. Furthermore, 90% of the animals in the zinc/cobalt-treated group exhibited complete or partial protection as demonstrated by tubular morphology. This study indicates that zinc prevents cobalt-induced testicular damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Histopathology of testes from mice chronically treated with cobalt.

Effects of cobalt on murine testes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Continuous exposure of male mice to cobalt (400 ppm) via drinking water over a 13-week period resulted in a reproducible, sequential pattern of seminiferous tubule degeneration. Initial changes involved vacuolation of Sertoli cells and formation of abnormal spermatid nuclei. This was followed by the presence of multinucleated cells and sloughing of cells. Sertoli cells phagocytosed degenerating cells. Continued degeneration resulted in shrinkage of tubules with the accumulation of "calcified" necrotic debris in some. Sertoli cells were the last surviving cells. As degenerating tubules shrank, peritubular areas became highly disorganized. Myoid cell shapes became irregular, and basal laminae became highly folded. Endothelial cells of testicular vessels were thickened in areas and contained vesiclelike structures. Leydig cell morphology was normal but interstitial areas appeared hypercellular. The possible interactions of cobalt with iron and zinc, essential metals for spermatogenesis, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Computer databases of medical school curricula.

As the pace of curriculum reform in medical education has accelerated during the past decade, so too have demands on curriculum managers to supply increasingly detailed information about the curriculum. In response, a number of schools have joined together to begin work on designs for computer databases of the curriculum. The authors describe three of the most mature curriculum database prototypes, developed by groups at the medical schools of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), The University of Maryland, and the University of Miami. All three groups have employed relational database management systems to organize information about each "instructional unit" in the preclinical curriculum, including a set of keywords defining the major concepts presented. The keywords are indexed to a controlled vocabulary, either the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) or a MeSH derivative. The UNC database also employs a textfile management system to provide users with an overview of the entire curriculum. Future work will focus on identifying a suitable controlled vocabulary; capturing content in greater contextual detail; incorporating alternative learning formats, such as problem-based learning; creating links between content items and examination questions; and capturing information generated by student-patient interactions in clinical settings. As a result of recent collaboration with the Association of American Medical Colleges, work to define a prototype national database has begun and a consortium of interested schools is addressing further development activities.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1990

Use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprints for identity determination: comparison with traditional paternity testing methods--Part II.

Six red blood cell (RBC) antigen systems, coupled with human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping, were used to establish paternity on 28 mother/child/alleged-father trios. Samples were subsequently examined using the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting test with the multilocus Jeffreys DNA probes 33.6 and 33.15. In 27 of 28 paternity cases, the DNA fingerprinting test results supported and enhanced the results of RBC and HLA typing by resolving disputed paternity cases conclusively. One discrepancy between conventional serological methods and DNA analysis is discussed.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1990

Use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprints for identity determination: comparison with traditional paternity testing methods--Part I.

A study involving comparison of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) finger-printing test with traditional methods used for paternity testing is presented. Samples from 191 cases were tested for a series of blood group and polymorphic protein markers. DNA "fingerprints" were then obtained for all samples using the multilocus probes 33.6 and 33.15. The results of DNA fingerprinting correlated well with those of traditional methods and proved to be informative in cases where traditional methods yielded inconclusive or insufficient results.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1990

The value of preliminary traction in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.

In forty-one children who had forty-seven congenitally dislocated hips, the results of attempted closed reduction with general anesthesia, but without preliminary traction, were studied. Twenty (43 per cent) of the hips could not be reduced closed, and an open reduction was needed. After the reduction, all of the involved hips were immobilized in the so-called human position (marked flexion and slight abduction). At a minimum follow-up of two years, osteonecrosis of the femoral head had developed in only two hips (4 per cent). Patients who were more than one year old when the hip was reduced had a higher incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and were more likely to need reconstructive procedures later. Patients who were more than eighteen months old at the time of the attempted closed reduction were more likely to need an open reduction of the hip. Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in young children remains an extremely complex problem. It has not been clearly established that the use of preliminary traction decreases the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head or improves the outcome of treatment. In our experience, uncomplicated (non-teratological, postnatal) congenital dislocation of the hip has been safely treated with either open or closed reduction without preliminary traction in patients who were younger than two years old, provided that the reduction could be obtained without excessive force.

Female↗