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Biomedical subjects

M B Goetz

Publications and source records attributed to M B Goetz.

64 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of chelating agents and superoxide on human neutrophil NAD(P)H oxidation.

NAD(P)H oxidation is frequently measured to assay the activity of the neutrophil O-2-generating oxidase. It was found that 10(-4) M ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N-N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) increased NAD(P)H oxidation by the 27,000 g granule fraction of resting and stimulated human neutrophils without altering net O-2 production. The commonly used chelating agents EDTA and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid had similar effects. The addition of superoxide dismutase eliminated the effect of the chelating agents and thus demonstrated that the stimulated reaction was dependent upon O-2. KCN and bathophenanthroline disulfonate, an iron-chelating agent, prevented O-2-dependent NADPH oxidation by neutrophil granule fractions in the presence of EGTA. In contrast, bathocuproine disulfonate, a copper-chelating agent, mimicked the EGTA effect. The effects of both bathophenanthroline disulfonate and bathocuproine disulfonate were completely abolished when the agents were saturated with iron and copper, respectively. All the chelating agents studied, except bathophenonthroline disulfonate, also promoted O-2-dependent NADPH oxidation in a system wherein O-2 was generated by xanthine oxidase. Thus, commonly used chelating agents, by interacting with available iron and copper, may alter the apparent stoichiometry of the neutrophil O-2-generating oxidase and artifactually increase NADPH oxidation in other systems where O-2 is present.

Cations, Divalent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin F on human neutrophil oxidative metabolism.

Epidemiologic and animal challenge studies have suggested that SEF may play a critical role in toxic-shock syndrome [1]. However, the pathogenic mechanism of SEF activity is not known. One means by which this toxin could elicit the widespread organ dysfunction observed in toxic-shock syndrome would be by directly promoting PMN production of toxic oxygen species and the resultant secondary endothelial cell damage [2]. To evaluate this possibility, we assayed the effect of SEF on PMN oxidative metabolism. SEF at 0.01-100 ng/ml did not stimulate O2- release or O2 consumption by inactive PMNs. Similarly, incubation of PMNs with 10 ng of SEF/ml for 1 hr neither potentiated nor inhibited cellular O2 consumption stimulated by optimal (10 mg/ml) or suboptimal (0.1 mg/ml) concentrations of opsonized zymosan. Finally, SEF had no effect on O2- release by PMNs stimulated by PMA. PMN viability, as assessed by trypan blue exclusion, was unaffected by SEF. This study did not address the possibility that SEF might indirectly activate PMN oxidative metabolism by promoting leukocytic pyrogen production by monocytes and macrophages [3]. SEF neither directly activated PMN oxidative activity nor potentiated the cellular oxidative response to particulate or soluble stimuli. Consequently, direct stimulation of PMN-derived, O2- mediated damage to endothelial cells is not a tenable hypothesis to explain the mechanism of SEF toxicity.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1982

Pneumonia and bacteremia caused by a previously undescribed Moraxella-like bacterium.

Immunocompromised patients are frequently subject to unusual infections. We recently treated a renal allograft recipient for pneumonia due to a hitherto undescribed Moraxella-like bacterium which most closely resembles M-5. M-5 has previously been associated in humans only with dog bites and wound infections. The patient responded well to treatment with aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Susceptibility to these drugs was demonstrated in vitro by a broth dilution technique. On the basis of the known ability of Moraxella species to colonize the oropharynx and the patient's lack of animal exposure, we propose that our patient's illness was secondary to aspiration of colonized oropharyngeal contents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fungal prosthetic arthritis: presentation of two cases and review of the literature.

Fungal infections complicating reconstructive arthroplasty are extremely rare, with only six previously reported cases. These infections follow an indolent course and involve pain without inflammation in the affected joint, often as late as 2 years after surgery. Candida species other than Candida albicans are the commonest fungal pathogens and represent intraoperative contaminants. The diagnosis is made difficult by the indolent course and the frequent interpretation of the fungal isolate as a culture contaminant. Therapy requires resection of the prosthetic components with debridement; the additional need for antifungal therapy remains unclear.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between acute myelomonoblastic leukemia and infection due to human immunodeficiency virus.

Infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been complicated by the development of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in five patients whose cases have previously been reported; other manifestations, including preleukemia, myelofibrosis, and myeloid hyperplasia, have also been reported in patients infected with HIV. We report the sixth case of an HIV-infected patient who developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia; HIV infection was documented by tests for serum antibodies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting), by a markedly elevated p24 antigen level in plasma, and by cultures of CSF and peripheral blood that were positive for HIV. Furthermore, myelomonoblasts that were cultured without the addition of growth factors displayed evidence of HIV replication through the presence of p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase activity, both of which lasted for 4 weeks in the supernatant fluid of the cell cultures. This case report provides the first data indicating that HIV may infect myelomonoblasts in vivo and represents the sixth reported case of an association between HIV infection and pure acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative pancreatic abscess due to Plesiomonas shigelloides.

Plesiomonas shigelloides is being recognized with increasing frequency as a human pathogen. The organism is ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water, and clinical illness has been associated with foreign travel and ingestion of inadequately cooked seafood. We describe a 64-year-old Filipino woman who presented 2 weeks after elective cholecystectomy and pancreatic biopsy with left upper quadrant pain, abdominal distention, and fever. Computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed an abscess in the tail of the pancreas with fluid accumulation in the lesser omental sac. Percutaneous aspiration yielded purulent material, and P. shigelloides was recovered in pure culture. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pancreatic abscess due to P. shigelloides.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Racial differences in care among hospitalized patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Miami, and Raleigh-Durham.

BACKGROUND: While strategies for medical care for human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) are well established, racial variations in care have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sociodemographic characteristics influence patterns of care and patient outcomes, by analyzing the use of diagnostic tests and anti-PCP medications and in-hospital mortality rates for persons who were hospitalized with human immunodeficiency virus-related PCP. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of a cohort of 627 Veterans Administration (VA) patients and 1547 non-VA patients with empirically treated or cytologically confirmed PCP who were hospitalized from 1987 to 1990. Outcomes included representative aspects of the process of care for PCP and short-term mortality rates. RESULTS: Among VA patients, black and Hispanic patients were not significantly different from white patients with regard to in-hospital mortality rates, use and timing of a bronchoscopy, or receipt of timely anti-PCP medications. Among non-VA patients, black and Hispanic patients were more likely to die in the hospital and less likely to undergo a diagnostic bronchoscopy in the first 2 days of hospitalization. These racial and ethnic group differences in the use of a bronchoscopy and in-hospital mortality among non-VA patients were almost fully accounted for by differences in health insurance status and hospital characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Racial factors do not appear to be an important determinant of the intensity of diagnostic or therapeutic care among patients who are hospitalized with PCP. Variations in care are largely attributable to differences in health insurance and admitting hospital characteristics.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗